The Life of Napoleon Bonaparte. Vol. 4 (of 4)

Exhaustion -- The Change in Napoleon's Views -- Intermitting Powers -- Their Extinction -- Common Sense and Idealism -- The Man and the World -- The Philosophy of Expediency --...

[Footnote 27: References: Abell, Mrs. L. E. (late Miss Balcombe), Recollections of the Emperor Napoleon; Cockburn: Diary of Buonaparte's voyage to St. Helena in 1815; Lowe, Memo...

Roederer: "I am always working. I think much. If I appear always ready to meet every emergency, to confront every problem, it is because, before undertaking any enterprise, I ha...

=Moore, Sir John=, commanding English troops in the Peninsula, iii. 186; at Salamanca, 186; at Astorga, 186, 187; French search for, 187; prepares to attack Soult, 188; crosses...

A Decisive Epoch -- Britain Dominates the Sea -- Napoleon's Policy -- Trade and Western Empire -- To the West Indies -- Needs of the Empire -- Great Britain's Sea Rival -- The I...

The Allies Demoralized -- Napoleon's Desperate Choice -- The Battle at Arcis -- The Correspondence of Caulaincourt and Napoleon -- Panic at Schwarzenberg's Headquarters -- Cross...

=Luxembourg, the=, Barras's social life in, i. 290; Gohier and Moulins withdraw to, ii. 108; Moreau commanding guard at, 108; the First Consul installed at, 124; residence of th...

=Paoli, Pascal=, his share in the history of Corsica, i. 15 et seq.; relations with the Jews and with the Vatican, 16; compared with Washington, 18; his character and renown, 17...

=Ionian Islands=, taken under French protection, ii. 16; worship of _N._ in, 16; France retains, 21; suzerainty of Turkey over, 262; occupied by Russia, 330; compensation for, i...

=Barclay de Tolly, M. A.=, proposed movement against, iii. 335; calls in Bagration, 335; retreats to Drissa, 336; junction with Bagration at Smolensk, 336-338; plans to meet Bag...

enthusiasm for Ferdinand VII, iii. 138; political intrigues in, 139-141; Murat Protector of, 140; attitude of the people toward Murat, 141; deposition of the Bourbons, 145; Mura...

Napoleon and the Popular Frenzy -- Serious Dangers Incurred -- The Exile under the British Flag -- The Voyage to Elba -- The Napoleonic Court at Porto Ferrajo -- Mysterious Visi...

[Footnote 13: References: Campbell, Sir Neil, Napoleon at Fontainebleau and Elba, being a journal of occurrences in 1814-1815, with notes of conversations. Laborde, Napoleon et...

[Footnote 19: The most important works dealing with the military side of the Waterloo campaign are those of Mueffling, Berton, Gourgaud, Clausewitz, Siborne, Charras, Chesney, H...

Plans for Conducting the Retreat -- Napoleon's Health -- Bluecher's Brilliant Idea -- Napoleon under Compulsion -- His Skilful Concentration -- The Battle-field around Leipsic -...

[Footnote 24: Further references for this and the following chapter: Batty: Historical Sketch; Baudus: Etudes sur Napoleon; Bullock: Diary; Cotton: Voice from Waterloo; Damitz:...

[Footnote 8: References: Houssaye: 1814. Jensen: Napoleons Feldzug, 1814. Weil: La campagne de 1814, d'apres les documents des archives imperiales et royales de la guerre a Vien...

[Footnote 16: References: Sorel, A.: Le traite de Paris du 20 novembre, 1815. I. Les cent jours. Lacretelle: Histoire de France depuis la restauration. Nettement: Histoire de la...

the constitution of 1799, ii. 96, 100, 118, 126, 136, 148, 149, 150, 162, 242, 246, 261; "the pear is ripe," 98, 103; need of a Cromwell, 119; feelings of the various parties, 1...

[Footnote 2: References: Luckwaldt: Oesterreich und die Anfaenge des Befreiungskrieges von 1813: Vom Abschluss der Allianz mit Frankreich, bis zum Eintritt in die Koalition. Ast...

[Footnote 6: References: Fournier, Der Congress von Chatillon. Die Politik im Kriege von 1814. Eine historische Studie. Koch, Memoires p. s. a l'histoire de la campagne de 1814....

Nature of Napoleon's Defeat -- Its Political Consequences -- Napoleon's Fatal Resolution -- The State of Paris -- Napoleon at the Elysee -- His Departure for Rochefort -- Though...

relations and alliances with Austria, i. 325, 425; ii. 44, 61, 72, 145, 154, 209, 312, 355, 360, 363, 381; iii. 169, 178, 311-316, 328, 331, 342, 419; iv. 75, 76; death of Cathe...

[Footnote 5: Correspondance, Vol. XVII. Memoires du roi Joseph. Beauchamp: Histoire des campagnes de 1814 et 1815. Danitz: Geschichte d. Feldzugs v. 1814. Danilewsky: Der Feldzu...

[Footnote 12: References: Mueffling (genannt Weiss), Geschichte des Feldzugs der englisch-hannoversch-niederlandischen und braunschweigischen Armee unter dem Fuersten Bluecher i...

[Footnote 18: References: for this and the following chapters see d'Angeberg: Le congres de Vienne et les traites de 1815, precede et suivi des actes diplomatiques qui s'y ratta...

discredit royalty, i. 268; their motto, 297; France's demands on Austria concerning, ii. 43; hopes and rumors of restoration of, and plots therefore, 94, 122, 158, 194, 255, 317...

physical peculiarities, conditions, ailments, etc., i. 80, 85, 126; iv. 12, 15, 25, 168, 177, 179, 197, 200, 211-217, 222, 231-235; plain-spokenness, iii. 418; his political acu...

=Concordat, the=, ii. 207, 215, 301, 326 et seq., 402; iv. 259, 294, 296; service in honor of, ii. 215; its effect in France, 216; "the vaccine of religion," 216; contempt of th...

Carnot's comparison of France with, ii. 321; Moreau's banishment to, 299; commercial rivalry with England, iii. 46; British claim of right of search, 47, 48; effect of British "...

[Footnote 11: References: Napoleon, King of Elba. Pons de l'Herault, Memoire aux puissances alliees; publ. pour la "societe d'histoire contemporaine." Houssaye, Napoleon a l'ile...

[Footnote 1: References: Pierron: Napoleon, de Dresde a Leipzig. Pelet: Des principales operations de la campagne de 1813. York von Wartenburg: Precis militaire de la campagne d...

[Footnote 23: References for this and the following two chapters: Houssaye: 1815, Waterloo; Ussher: Napoleon's last voyage; Ropes: Waterloo; Bustelli: L'Enigma di Ligny e di Wat...

=Canning, George=, denounces _N._, ii, 144; foreign secretary in Portland cabinet, iii. 69; responsibility for the bombardment of Copenhagen, 70, 97; despatches the fleet to the...

Importance of the Battle of Leipsic -- Decline of Napoleon's Powers -- His Gentler Side -- Disintegration of Napoleon's Empire -- The Coalition and the Sentiment of Nationality...

education in, ii. 415; condition in 1806, 415; feudalism in, 414-417; influence of Queen Louisa in, 415; the reform party in, 414-417; exasperation at _N._ in, 416, 417, 420; _N...

the matter of _N.'s_ coronation, ii. 325, 339-346 et seq.; refuses to receive Mme. Talleyrand, 326; his demands for the Church, 326; at Fontainebleau, 340; his humiliation and r...

268, 280, 284, 293-294, 303, 304, 307, 328, 420 (_see also_ =Berlin Decree=; =Continental System=; =Milan Decree=); Portugal forced to withdraw from alliance with, ii, 205; repl...

obtains thorough knowledge of the East, ii. 440; strategy and diplomacy at Constantinople, 20; end of his influence in Turkey, 33; defeats a Spanish division, 237; moves up the...

question of military operations against, i. 342; operations in Piedmont in 1794, 341; plans for overthrow of, 346; forces of, separated from Sardinians, 350; _N._ dictates terms...

=Adriatic Sea=, _N._ threatens to seize, i. 404; French fleet in, ii. 18; cession to Austria of lands on, 21; marriage of, 24; _N.'s_ control of, iii. 110; the highway to India,...

Bernadotte to concentrate in, iii. 203; Saxon troops in, 203; _N.'s_ strategy at, 216; seized by the Duke of Brunswick, 234; meeting of the allied sovereigns at, 330; the climax...

=Alsace=, Austria driven out of, i. 273; royalists in, ii. 301; Duc d'Enghien's conspiracy in, 301, 305; regulations for Jews in, iii. 77; proposed cession of, to Austria, iv. 67.

=Lefebvre, Gen. F. G.=, commander of the Paris garrison, ii. 104; joins the Bonapartist ranks, 104; in battle of Jena, 429, 431; strength in Poland, iii. 8; besieges Dantzic, 20...

enters Portugal, 157; defeats Junot at Vimeiro, 157; recalled to England and vindicated, 186; expels the French from Portugal, 236; prepares for invasion of Spain, 236; battle o...

military ability, iv. 14, 59, 183; spurs up Bernadotte at Leipsic, 31; aims to annihilate _N._, 57; warns Bluecher against over-confidence, 62; in Waterloo campaign, 172, 177; o...

=Hiller, Gen.=, military operations on the inn, iii. 199; movements to support, 204; movements before Ratisbon, 208; driven back to Landshut, 208; flees to Neumarkt, 208; Bessie...

seeks _N.'s_ favor, 137, 150; enters Madrid, 138; doubtful recognition of his throne, 140; hinted order that he go to Bayonne, 142; at Vitoria, 143; revulsion of Spanish feeling...

=Roman Catholic Church=, _N.'s_ views concerning the, i. 76; influence in Corsica, 128; opposition to the French Republic, 276; the Pope shorn of his temporal power, iii. 242; i...

=Army of the West, the=, _N._ ordered to join, i. 263; _N._ refuses to serve in, 279, 296; under Hoche, 346; reinforces the Army of Italy, 387; freed for active service, ii. 146.

_N._ on the sovereigns of, i. 156; the Directory and, 324-338; neutrality of northern, 341; conditions of civilization and warfare in (1796), 349; the destinies of, dependent on...

on position of the Navarrese, 120; plea for Corsica in the National Assembly, 120; share in the conquest of Corsica, 120; inspires amnesty to Paoli, 120, 124; leads the National...

France's justification of Egyptian schemes to, ii. 47; _N._ seeks alliance with, 48; refuses alliance with France, 67; negotiations and alliances with Russia, 67, 72; iii. 51, 5...

relations with France, i. 239, 243-244; English influence in, 243; seizure of French vessel in harbor of, 243; counterfeit French money in, 246; her neutrality violated, 245; pr...

declared a limited monarchy, i. 106; the rise of popular government, 109; destruction of feudalism, 110; iii. 85, 322; adoption of the tricolor, i. 109; the end of absolutism, 1...

=Buonaparte, Napoleon Louis Charles= (nephew of _N._, son of Louis), _N.'s_ partiality for, ii. 282; iii. 269; proposal to create him king of Italy, ii. 352; death of, iii. 52,...

=Schoenbrunn=, _N._ establishes headquarters in palace at (1805), ii. 369, 378; (1809) iii. 212; interview between _N._ and Haugwitz at, ii. 399; treaties of, 417; iii. 241, 244...

=Clergy, the=, position at outbreak of the revolution, i. 100, 101, 107; attitude in Corsica, 115, 116; _N.'s_ attitude toward, and relations with, 124, 146, 147, 422, 423; ii....

ratifies the treaty of Leoben, i. 441; letters from _N._, April 19, 1792, 441; May 27, 1797, 447; Pitt's negotiations for peace with, 449; refuses to treat with England, 450; an...

_N.'s_ eye to invasion of, 291; Moreau's levies on, 296; homage to _N._ by the princes of, 329; _N.'s_ claim to, 354; Alexander I's scheme for partition of, 356; _N._ threatens...

influence in Genoa, i. 243; prints counterfeit French money in Genoa, 246; fails to help the allies in Piedmont, 257; _N.'s_ attitude toward, Sept., 1794, 257; naval supremacy,...

Questionings -- The Industrious Burgher -- The Industrious Sovereign -- End of the Marvelous -- Public Virtue and Private Weakness -- The Man and The Age -- Latin and German --...

his all-embracing genius, ii. 203, 365; habit of reducing thoughts to writing, iv. 23; hallucinations and self-delusions, iii. 307, 332; iv. 91, 95, 104, 234; hatred and vindict...

=Tuileries, the=, the mob at, i. 176; the carnage at, 178; Robespierre orders the destruction of, 251; storming of, Aug. 10, 1702, 273; defense of, 299-303; _N._ at, on the 18th...

dismissal of, 400; iii. 42, 49, 50; Prussian minister, ii. 415. iii; 37; at Tilsit, 50; proposes the partition of Turkey, 50; seeks refuge in Vienna, 178; effect of his reforms,...

Magallon consul at, 47; the march from Alexandria to, 59; capture of, 61; failure of the promised plunder at, 61; fortification of, 67; _N._ at, 69, 76; retreat of the army from...

friendship for _N._, ii. 332; admits England to Leghorn, iii. 68; supposed poisoning of her daughter-in-law, 124; examines Ferdinand's papers, 126; her son reveals her shame, 12...

=Boulogne=, the Army of England, flotilla, and military preparations at, ii. 48, 290, 291, 331, 358; _N._ at, 48; _N.'s_ ceremonial at, July, 1804, 328; real purpose of the flot...

dreams of universal and European empire, i. 323; ii. 269, 272, 331, 336, 395; iii. 46, 73, 111, 328, 408, 432, 433; iv. 42, 159; dreams of Oriental conquest and empire, i. 78, 1...

_N._ constructive commander-in-chief, ii. 36; makes war only against tyrannical dynasties, 42; schemes of world-conquest, 46; popular ideas concerning the Egyptian campaign, 67;...

suicide among naval officers, ii. 3; internal administration, offices and office-holders, and public works, 3, 127, 149-159, 217-228, 271, 273; iii. 74, 91, 160, 249, 296, 297,...

character and influence, 415, 427; _N.'s_ abuse of, 438; at Memel, iii. 37, 107; at Tilsit, 44; scandal concerning the Czar, 57; interviews with _N._ concerning Magdeburg, 57-63...

desperation, iii. 91; despondency and pessimism, i. 80, 89, 98, 215; iii. 357; iv. 129; despotism, iii. 80, 83, 86, 88, 121, 316; iv. 261; the man of destiny and of the hour, th...

charge of cowardice against, ii. 384; a criminal, iv. 250; cruelty, ii. 70, 417, 439; decay of physical and intellectual powers, neglect of details, vacillation, etc., iii. 27,...

elasticity of spirits, iv. 117; elements of his failure, iii. 401, 402; endurance of privation, iii. 7, 18, 188, 209, 365; equestrianism, sporting instincts, etc., iii. 52, 257;...

naval establishment, expenses, and activity, i. 221, 421; ii. 209, 290; iii. 236, 237; captures Ollioules, i. 225; in the defense and occupation of Toulon, 230, 239; naval opera...

392, 416; iv. 134-138, 169; love of dramatic effect; ability as an actor, i. 210, 341; ii. 31; iii. 112; iv. 153, 166, 249; dread of assassination and kidnapping, ii. 101; iii....