ii. 237;

marries Pauline Buonaparte, 236; death of, 237.

=Leclerc, Mme.=, accompanies her husband to San Domingo, ii. 236; marries Prince Borghese, 258.

=Lecourbe, Gen. C. J.=, commanding in the Alps, ii. 164; captures Memmingen, 167; captures Stockach, 166; ordered to Italy, 169.

=Leers=, Gen. Reille at, iv. 170.

=Lefebvre, Gen. F. G.=, commander of the Paris garrison, ii. 104; joins the Bonapartist ranks, 104; in battle of Jena, 429, 431; strength in Poland, iii. 8; besieges Dantzic, 20, 21; created Duke of Dantzic, 86; besieges Saragossa, 156; success at Tudela, 156; near Bilbao, 183; rash movements by, 184; in movement against Madrid, 186; commanding Bavarian troops at Muenich, 203; in campaign of Eckmuehl, 206; defeats the Austrians at Abensberg, 207; at Salzburg, 211; drives Tyroleans from Innsbruck, 213; relieves Vandamme at Linz, 225; withdrawn from the Tyrol, 234; commanding the Old Guard, 324; a momentary attack of senility, iv. 104; at council at St. Dizier, 104; accompanies the Emperor to Paris, 105; at the abdication scene, 121; transfers his allegiance to Louis XVIII, 132; recreated marshal, 167.

=Lefebvre-Desnouettes, Col. Charles=, service in Egypt, ii. 53.

=Leghorn=, _N._ plans to meet Joseph at, i. 292; the English fleet driven from, 373; levy of enforced contributions from, 375; England gains entrance into, iii. 67; expulsion of the English from, 67; position in the French Empire, 279; plots against _N._ in, iv. 150.

=Legion of Honor=, establishment of the, ii. 245, 246; distribution of crosses, 360; first Russian member of the, iii. 63; French pride in, 86; new members of, 297; abolition of the orphan asylums of the, iv. 148.

=Legislature, the=, ii. 126, 149-153; constitution of, 241; new methods of electing to, 247; _N._ opens, Aug. 16, 1807, iii. 73; its functions, 83; distribution of titles among heads of, 87; _N._ contemplates its abolition, 389; demands constitutional government, iv. 49; prorogued, 50; overthrows _N._, 115.

=Legnago=, French occupation of, i. 372, 379; military operations near, 409.

=Legrand, Gen. C. J.=, in battle of Austerlitz, ii. 386; in battle of Aspern, iii. 220.

=Leibnitz, G. W. von=, advocates French conquest of Egypt, ii. 46.

=Leipsic=, seized by the Duke of Brunswick, iii. 234; Eugene establishes headquarters at, 393; French forces at, 393, 405; military movements near, 405; iv. 8, 21, 22, 25, 26; battle of, 27 et seq.; topography, 28; _N._ in, 34; importance of the battle in history, 37; triumph of revolutionary liberalism at, 38; _N._ spares the city from fire, 39; effects of the battle of, 39; mistaken ideas concerning _N.'s_ attitude after, 66.

=Le Noble's "Spirit of Gerson,"= _N.'s_ study of, i. 150.

=Lenouf, Gen.=, succeeds Jourdan in command, ii. 88; retreats behind the Rhine, 88.

=Leo III=, crowns Charles the Great, ii. 325.

=Leoben=, the French at, i. 350; seized by Massena, 436; _N.'s_ position at, 436; treaty of, 436-441, 443, 446, 452, 456; ii. 12, 14, 19; alleged duplicity by _N._ at, i. 437-439; French march to, ii. 42; Ney's victory at, 368.

=Leon=, French troops in, iii. 283.

=Leonetti=, denounced by N., i. 206.

=Leopold II=, acknowledges Hungarian rights, iii. 214.

=Lepelletier=, the section of, i. 300.

=Lesmont=, military operations at, iv. 60.

=Lesseps, J. B. B.=, French consul-general at St. Petersburg, iii. 98.

=Lestocq, Gen.=, retreats to Koenigsberg, ii. 436; joins the Prussian army, iii. 1; at Neidenburg, 4; at Angerburg, 8; opposes Ney's march to Koenigsberg, 8; relieves the garrison of Graudenz, 10; in campaign of Eylau, 14, 15; in battle of Heilsberg, 29-31; in Friedland campaign, 31, 35; pursued by Davout, 32.

=Leszcynski, Maria=, _N.'s_ imitation of her marriage to Louis XV, iii. 256.

=Letourneur, C. L.=, member of the Directory, i. 330, 333; character, 330; retires from the Directory, ii. 1.

="Letters from the Cape of Good Hope,"= iv. 231.

="Letters of Buonaparte to Buttafuoco,"= i. 145.

=Leuthen=, battle of, iv. 284.

=Levant, the=, France occupies Venetian possessions in, i. 446; Genoa's commerce with, ii. 15; French plots for disturbances in, 17; France's jealous care for possessions in, 32, 280; England aspires to control, 143; Sebastiani's mission to, 272-274; question of establishing French colonies in, 273; Portuguese naval operations in, 332; plans for redistribution of lands on, iii. 51; the control of, 111; efficient blockade of, impossible, 280.

=Leveson-Gower, Lord=, English ambassador at St. Petersburg, iii. 100.

=Leyen, Von der=, member of the Confederation of the Rhine, ii. 403.

=Liberty=, Paoli on, i. 16; the recognized colors of, 109.

=Liberty, fraternity, and equality=, i. 109.

"=Liberty of the Seas=," ii. 16.

=Lichtenstein=, member of the Confederation of the Rhine, ii. 403.

=Lichtenstein, Prince John of=, in battle of Austerlitz, ii. 386-389; negotiates for an armistice, 389; in battle of Aspern, iii. 223; Austrian peace commissioner, 239-242; at peace council in Paris, iv. 114.

=Lido, Porto di=, Venetians fire on French vessel in, i. 442.

=Liebertwolkwitz=, military operations near, iv. 27-30.

=Liege=, flight of Lafayette to, i. 179; military operations near, 194; iv. 54, 85, 171, 185.

=Ligny=, battle of, iv. 180-186; Gerard at, 190; Bluecher's disaster at, 193; a Prussian blunder, 213; the news of, in Paris, 216.

=Liguria=, ecclesiastical reforms and confiscations in, iii. 263.

=Ligurian Alps=, guerrillas in the, i. 373.

=Ligurian Republic=, the formation of, ii. 11, 21; French control over, 39; Piedmont added to, 39; reorganized, 186; tribute levied on, 186; English efforts to discredit France in, 264; incorporated with France, 354.

=Lille=, peace negotiations at, ii. 12, 86, 144; flight of Louis XVIII to, iv. 158.

=Lindau=, ceded to Bavaria, ii. 391.

=Lindenau=, seized by the Duke of Brunswick, iii. 234; military operations near, iv. 28, 29, 35.

=Linz=, military movements near, iii. 204-207; 216, 222.

=Lisbon=, recall of the French envoy from, iii. 120; democracy in, 121; Junot's march to, 120, 122; fraternization of the people with Junot's army, 120; Russian squadron sent to, 167; French scheme to seize, 265; Massena's march to, 285; Massena's precarious situation before, 286, 287; Wellington's difficult position at, 288; filled with fugitives, 288.

=Lisle, Rouget de=, composes the "Marseillaise," i. 175.

=Literature=, revival of, ii. 259; censorship of, iii. 88.

=Lithuania=, Poniatowski's doubts of, iii. 326; impassivity of its people, 331; the march from Smolensk toward, 363; Maret in charge of affairs in, 375.

=Littawa, River=, military operations on the, ii. 383.

="Little Corporal," the=, i. 362; iv. 118, 154.

=Little Gibraltar=, capture of, i. 230.

=Little Goerschen=, fighting at, iii. 405.

="Little Napoleon,"= iii. 52.

=Little St. Bernard Pass=, the crossing of the, ii. 169, 171.

=Liverpool, Lord=, attacks Wellington, iii. 288; recalls Wellington, iv. 149; mismanagement of English affairs, 161, 162; embarrassment of, 224; views as to the disposition of _N._, 224; letter to Castlereagh, June 20, 1815, 224.

=Loano=, battle of, i. 344.

=Lobau=, crossing the Danube at, iii. 217, 218, 223, 227.

=Lobau, Gen.=, guarding roads from Bohemia, iv. 18; holds Dresden, 25, 28; in the Waterloo campaign, 170-173; at Charleroi, 180; ordered to Marbais, 186; battle of Waterloo, 202, 205, 206;

=Lobau, River=, military movements on the, iii. 218, 223, 227.

=Lobenstein=, Bernadotte at, ii. 428.

=Lodi=, battle of, 359-362; ii. 140; _N.'s_ narrow escape at, i. 393; withdrawal of the Austrians from Milan to, ii. 173.

=Logrono=, French success at, iii. 156; Ney at, 183.

=Loire, River=, the Empress flees across the, iv. 105; military movements on the, 128.

=Loison, Gen. L. H.=, at Piacenza, ii. 177.

=Lombardy=, French troops in, i. 128; military operations against, 213, 243, 346, 352, 354; favors the French Revolution, 261; the military gate to, 342; _N.'s_ successes in, 350; expected partition of, 352; richness of the country, 356, 357; ii. 179; _N.'s_ influence in, i. 401; revolutionary movement in, 428; France's interest in, 451; incorporated in the Cisalpine Republic, ii. 21; held by Austria, 145; _N._ aims to secure, 172; the iron crown of, 353; _N.'s_ royal progress through, iii. 109.

=Lonato=, battle of, i. 380-383, 393; _N.'s_ narrow escape at, 382, 393.

=London=, Talleyrand diplomatic agent in, ii. 33; Talleyrand expelled from, 33; publication of "L'Ambigu" in, 270; Irish radical paper, in, subsidized by _N._, 271; reception of the Duke of Brunswick in, iii. 234.

=Longwood=, _N.'s_ residence at, i. 40; iv. 229-235, 288.

=Longwy=, garrison of, capitulates to Prussia, i. 179; abandoned by the enemy, 186.

=Loretto=, capture of, i. 421, 423; the image of the Lady of, 423.

=L'Orient=, the squadron ordered to the Mediterranean from, iii. 111.

=Lorraine=, proposal to continue the war in, iv. 101, 104, 116.

=Lothair=, _N._ contrasted with, iii. 264.

=Louis=, royalist intrigues of, iv. 106.

=Louis=, king of Etruria, attendant in _N.'s_ antechamber, ii. 205; death of, 233; iii. 67.

=Louis=, king of Etruria (son of the preceding), proposed kingdom in Portugal for, iii. 120.

=Louis=, prince of Prussia, ii. 415; killed at Saalfeld, 428.

="Louis Capet,"= i. 194.

=Louis Philippe.= _See_ =Chartres, Duc de=.

=Louis XIV=, disgraces Vauban, i. 332; schemes of world-conquest, ii. 46; "abolishes" the Pyrenees, iii. 70; _N._ not the successor of, 304; influence of his villainies, iv. 299.

=Louis XV=, refuses protectorate to Corsica, i. 16; death of, 43; _N.'s_ imitation of his marriage to Maria Leszcynski, iii. 256; _N._ not the successor of, 304.

=Louis XVI=, accession of, i. 43; character, 101, 102, 108, 109; contest with the Parliament of Paris, 106; alienation of, from the people, 106-108; attempted reforms by, 105-109; abandoned by the nobles, 109; curtailment of his hunting-grounds, 109; takes up residence in Paris, 109; title under the new constitution, 119; honors Paoli, 124; betrayal of, 151; accepts the Constitution, 153; flight and recapture, 154; clamor for his trial, 156; refuses to sanction secularization of estates of the Church and nobility, 172; negotiates with foreign powers, 172, 194, 269; celebrates the fall of the Bastille, 174; takes refuge in the National Assembly, 175; the National Assembly dismisses his body-guard, 174; Marseilles demands dethronement of, 174; imprisoned in the Temple, 175; _N.'s_ views concerning, 177; condemnation and execution, 195; causes of his downfall, 268; the regicides of, 309; celebrations of his death, ii. 195; iv. 149.

=Louis XVII=, i. 268.

=Louis XVIII=, recognized by the powers, i. 297; relationship to Victor Amadeus, 355; retires to Blankenburg, ii. 5; purchases Pichegru's adhesion, 5; _N.'s_ negotiations with, 9, 239; banished, 209; hopes for restoration of, 240; residence in Warsaw, 240, 297, 301; the Cadoudal conspiracy, 297; promises constitutional government, 298; manifesto of, 302; Alexander I's opinion of, iii. 52; at Mittau, 52; offered a kingdom in the United States, 272; proclaimed king at Bordeaux, iv. 87; acclaimed in Paris, 113; proclaimed king by the senate, 129, 132; imperial generals transfer their allegiance to, 132; character, 132, 146; his feeble tenure, 133; scandals circulated at the court of, 142; treaty with the powers, May 30, 1814, 144; power to create peers, 146; blunders of, 146-149; appoints Soult minister of war, 147; _N._ prophesies the betrayal of, 151; indifference to treaty obligations, 152; sends troops against _N._, 158; makes concessions, 158; flees to Lille, 158; flees to Ghent, 161; _N.'s_ forgiveness for, 233.

=Louisa, Queen= (of Prussia), brings about the treaty of Potsdam,