iv. 149, 168, 169, 250-253;

physical peculiarities, conditions, ailments, etc., i. 80, 85, 126; iv. 12, 15, 25, 168, 177, 179, 197, 200, 211-217, 222, 231-235; plain-spokenness, iii. 418; his political acumen, ii. 136; poverty, i. 52, 65, 66, 89, 111, 157, 174, 262, 279, 284, 288; powers of analysis and calculation, i. 55, 56; secret of his preeminence, iv. 249, 291; ready wit, iii. 94; recklessness, i. 236; as a reformer, iii. 189; reliance on public opinion, iv. 157; attitude toward religion and relations with the church, i. 76, 146, 209, 264, 422; ii. 41, 131, 173, 205, 206, 215, 224, 227, 258, 264, 265, 325, 340, 396, 398, 407; iii. 26, 68, 85, 88, 89, 118, 154, 174, 175, 190, 215, 242, 249, 258, 259, 263, 305, 315, 377, 390; iv. 165, 230-235, 251, 259, 296; resolution, iii. 28, 209; restlessness, i. 156, 223, 227, 284; review of his character, iv. 264; sanguine temperament, iii. 21; self-assertion, self-confidence, self-interest, and selfishness, i. 59, 60, 66, 84, 113, 263, 309, 340, 363-366, 395; iii. 1, 33, 82, 109, 208, 231, 304, 309, 328; iv. 140, 250, 287; a self-made man, iv. 250; self-restraint, i. 376, 395; sensuality, i. 113, 452; ii. 66; iii. 10, 27, 108, 246, 257, 327, 352; iv. 142, 250; sensitiveness, ii. 197; slow development, iv. 288; social life, manners, and reforms, his court, public receptions, etc., i. 69, 137, 151, 262, 265, 284, 290, 291, 295, 309-312, 448; ii. 131 197, 200, 224, 255, 279, 406, 411; iii. 43, 58-61, 64, 80-89, 91-94, 169, 174, 179, 224, 301, 390; iv. 352; as soldier, statesman, and despot, iv. 247 et seq.; speculative mania, 172, 173, 185; statecraft and diplomacy, i. 265, 363, 431; ii. 20, 37, 125-131, 137, 146, 149, 242-249, 261, 264-269, 271, 279, 314-324, 329-332, 336, 346, 353, 354, 400-412, 426, 427; iii. 33, 64, 95, 128, 190, 310, 315, 322, 328, 343, 401, 408, 423; his strong will, ii. 224, 356, 357; views concerning suicide, and his attempts thereat, i. 80; ii. 75; iv. 130, 131, 218, 232, 287; superstition, ii. 76; temper, ii. 281; iii. 418; the terror of his name, 359; iv. 80, 84, 88, 93; theocratic assumptions, ii. 407; thirst for conquest and warlike zeal, ii. 331, 351, 380, 381, 437; iii. 326, 337; iv. 264, 287; thirst for power, 264; unscrupulousness, i. 87, 88, 126, 144, 160, 166, 201, 211, 237, 265, 295, 300 308; ii. 67, 144, 251, 314, 377, 439; iii. 82, 115, 316, 331; iv. 264; attitude toward and relations with women, i. 256, 265, 290, 291, 311, 312, 448; ii. 197, 438; iii. 26, 57-61, 298, 327; iv. 143, 252.

=Napoleon II=, king of Rome, _N.'s_ affection for, iii. 323, 381; Malet's conspiracy, 361; insignificance of, 377; possibility of a regency for, 422.

=Napoleone, Stephanie=, marries Prince Charles of Baden, ii. 399; _N.'s_ liaison with, 399.

=Napoleon's Mount=, ii. 383, 386.

=Narbonne, Comte de=, mission from Dresden to Russia, iii. 331.

=Narew, River=, military movements on the, iii. 2, 13, 19.

=Nassau=, member of the Confederation of the Rhine, ii. 403.

=Nassau, Prince= of, anecdote of, iii. 422.

=National Assembly, the=, Corsican affairs in, i. 117-122; persuades Paoli to return to Corsica, 125; condemns Buttafuoco, 135; refuses to create Corsican National Guard, 140; debates on the military power, 142; difficulties of its work, 151-154, 158, 159; self-effacement of, 153; ecclesiastical legislation by, 168; the King takes refuge in, 175; dismisses the King's body-guard, 174; abolishes the kingship, 175; Lafayette endeavors to calm, 174, 176; disperses, 188.

=National Convention, the=, election of a, i. 188; meeting of, Sept. 21, 1792, 188; the King summoned before, 194; enforces its decrees in Corsica, 198; Paoli summoned to appear before, 198, 204; appeal to, by _N._, in Paoli's behalf, 199; denounces Paoli, 201; sends new commissioners to Corsica, 204; promises indemnity to Corsican sufferers, 208; supremacy of, 208; Corsica's successful revolt against, 216; popular support of, 219; effect of the "Treason of Toulon" on, 222; receives news of capture of Toulon, 233; vengeance on Toulon, 233; overthrow of the Girondists, 234; _N._ and Gen. Lapoype summoned before, 240; terrorists in, 250; turns on Robespierre, 251; downfall, 251, 266; Jacobins in, 266; question of reelection of members, 271, 282, 298; rebellion and riots against, 272, 283, 299; proclaims amnesty, 277; royalist intrigues in, 278; popular hatred of, 282; prepares for conflict, 282, 299; adopts _N.'s_ plan for Italian campaign, 293; distrusts _N._, 299; triumph on the 13th Vendemiaire, 304-309; its plans thwarted by violence, 306; _N.'s_ peculiar relations to, 341; financial maladministration, ii. 219; plans for invading England, 290; scheme of revolutionary extension, iii. 328;

=National Guard, the=, organization and reorganization of, i. 109, 143, 159, 272, 304, 308; calling in officers of, 164; _N._ adjutant-major in, 164; feeling against the Convention among, 283, 299; defense of the Tuileries, 299; oppose the Convention forces, 301-305; the 13th Vendemiaire, 301-305; _N._ appointed commander of, ii. 104; drafts for the imperial army from, iii. 387; in defense of Paris, iv. 99, 105; decay of imperialism among, 105; fails to persuade the Empress to stay, 109; _N._ hopes to raise, 116; refuses to obey the provisional government, 126; proclamation to, March 8, 1815, 146; reviewed by _N._, 166; surly spirit among, 165.

=National Guard of Corsica=, _N.'s_ schemes to form, i. 122; _N._ appointed adjutant-major in, 164.

=National Library=, lecture system of the, i. 281.

=National List, the=, ii. 126.

=Naudin=, letter of _N._ to, July 27, 1791, i. 156.

=Naumburg=, Prussian headquarters at, ii. 422, 424; Davout and Bernadette at, 429; Bluecher pursues Macdonald to, iv. 15.

=Navarre=, question of the sovereignty of, i. 120; incorporated with France, 120; French invasion of, iii, 132; the chateau of, granted to Ferdinand VII, 147; _N.'s_ contemplated movements in, 184; military government of, 278.

=Navy=, _N.'s_ aptitude for the, i. 57; suicide among officers of the French, ii. 3; preparations at Toulon, 40.

=Nazareth=, skirmish at, ii. 71.

=Necker, Jacques=, schemes of, i. 44; _N.'s_ study of, 78; minister of finance, 98; problems of taxation, 98, 105; flight from France, 98; banishment, 108; fall, 154; Mme. de Stael's inheritance from, iii. 299.

=Negroes=, arguments in favor of enslaving, ii. 236.

=Neidenburg=, military operations near, iii. 4, 8.

=Neipperg, Count A. A.=, relations with Maria Louisa, iii. 330; iv. 143, 162.

=Neisse=, siege of, iii. 20.

=Nelson, Adm. Horatio=, captures Bastia, i. 260; ii. 62; expected cooeperation with Austria at Savona, i. 353; sails from Cadiz in chase of the Egyptian expedition, ii. 57; returns to Sicily, 61; seeks the French fleet in Greece, 61; follows to Egypt, 61; loses an eye at Cadiz, 62; battle of Cape St. Vincent, 62; battle of the Nile, 62, 63, 81; battle of Copenhagen, ii. 209; sanctions the execution of Caraccioli, 300; correspondence with Dumouriez, 303; aided by Portugal, 332; plan to allure him to Egypt, 331; Villeneuve avoids, 334; enticed to the West Indies, 358; joins Cornwallis before Brest, 359; sails for Portsmouth, 359; pursues Villeneuve to Gibraltar, 358; chases Villeneuve to the West Indies and back, 370; arrives off Cadiz, 371; his ambition, 372; battle of Trafalgar, 373-376; his death, 374.

=Nemours=, Cossacks advance to, iv. 72.

=Nesselrode, Count=, appearance in Russian diplomacy, iii. 409; refuses to treat with France, 410; conference with Francis, 415; demands Austria's adherence to the coalition, 415; agrees to basis of Austrian mediation, 415; letter from Talleyrand to, iv. 107; approves the restoration of the Bourbons, 114; negotiates with Talleyrand, 113.

=Netherlands=, French defeats in, i. 172; Hoche's campaign in, 427; England's interest in, 450; iv. 67; the enlightenment of, ii. 37; course of affairs (1797-98), 37, 38; French agents in the, 39; English expedition to destroy the dockyards of, iii. 237; French influence in, iv. 41; Bernadotte assigned to watch, 55; English troops in the, 57; the allies' invasion of France via, 59, 97; campaign of the Hundred Days, 169 et seq.; weakness of the troops of, 195, 202. _See also_ =Austrian Netherlands=; =Belgium=; =Dutch Flanders=; =Holland=.

=Neuburg=, Marmont at, ii. 365.

=Neufchateau=, member of the Directory, ii. 8, 35; mission to Congress of Rastatt, 52.

=Neufchatel=, ceded to France, ii. 390; Berthier created Prince of, iii. 86. _See also_ =Berthier=.

=Neumarkt=, Jourdan's defeat near, i. 385; Massena's movements at, 436; flight of Hiller to, iii. 208; _N._ at, 413.

=Neu-Reppin=, military movements near, ii. 434.

=Neutrality=, the principle of the agreement of 1780, ii. 212.

=Neuwied=, Hoche crosses the Rhine at, i. 440.

=New Castile=, Duke del Infantado commissioned governor of, iii. 127.

=New England=, commercial greed, iii. 102.

=Newfoundland=, proposed French expedition to, ii. 333.

=New Galicia=, annexed to the grand duchy of Warsaw, iii. 239.

=New Orleans=, battle of, iv. 169.

=New York=, proposal that _N._ sail to, iv. 221.

=Ney, Marshal Michel=, a product of Carnot's system, i. 332; in battle of Hohenlinden, ii. 191; occupies Switzerland, 234, 272; service in the Army of England, 291; execution of, 300; joins _N._ at Waterloo, 300; created marshal, 323; plan for his invasion of Ireland, 335; character, 364; iii. 93; holds the bridge at Guenzenburg, ii. 366; victory at Leoben, 368; clears the enemy from the Tyrol, 380; at Bayreuth, 428; in battle of Jena, 430-432; invests Magdeburg, 436; at Neidenburg, iii. 4; strength in Poland, 7; threatens Koenigsberg, 9; reprimanded by _N._, 8; retreats from Heilsberg, 10; pursued by Bennigsen, 10; escapes to Gilgenburg, 10; in Eylau campaign, 15; battle of Heilsberg, 29; movements on the Passarge, 28; battle of Friedland, 30; created Duke of Elchingen, 86; yearly income, 87, 296; _N.'s_ opinion of, 93; quarrel with Tolstoi, 108; at Logrono, 183; moves against Castanos, 185; lack of vigor of movement, 185; movement against Madrid, 186; stationed at Astorga, 188; in Leon, 283; strength, March, 1812, 324; advances on Duenaburg, 336; battle of Smolensk, 339; reckless pursuit after Smolensk, 339; battle of Borodino, 343; "the bravest of the brave," 359; hero of the retreat from Moscow, 359, 363; letter to Berthier, Nov. 5, 1812, 361; junction with Eugene, 364; "A marshal of the Empire has never surrendered," 364; perilous retreat from Smolensk, 364; his most brilliant deed of arms, 364; crosses the Dnieper, 364; at the crossing of the Beresina, 366, 370; reaches Vilna, 373; in campaign of 1813, 403; battle of Luetzen, 404; battle of Bautzen, 411; beleaguers Schweidnitz, 413; confronts Bluecher at the Bober, iv. 7; battle of Dresden, 9; supersedes Oudinot, 17; battle of Dennewitz, 18, 19; driven into Torgau, 19; letter to _N._, Sept. 7, 1813, 20; battle of Leipsic, 32; on the allies' march on Paris, 40; moves from Sezanne against Bluecher, 62; commanding the Young Guard, 72; battle of Craonne, 78; battle of Laon, 79; moves up the Aube, 91; battle of Arcis-sur-Aube, 92; courage, 104; at council at St. Dizier, 104; strength after the surrender of Paris, 118; at review of the Guard at Fontainebleau, 117; treasonable utterance at Fontainebleau, 119; demands the Emperor's abdication, 120; voices the disaffection of the army, 122; on commission to present abdication to the Czar, 123, 124; transfers his allegiance, 129; returns to Paris, 131; resents royalist affronts to his wife, 148; rejoins Napoleon at Auxerre, 157; recreated marshal, 167; in the Waterloo campaign, 172; dispute concerning his orders, 176; ordered to Quatre Bras, 176, 180, 185; moves to Gosselies, 176; interview with _N._, 179; battle of Quatre Bras, 180-188; at Frasnes, 184, 189; _N._ determines to join, 186; _N.'s_ despatch to, June 17, 1815, 186; _N.'s_ indignation at, 187; moves to cooeperate with _N._, 189; battle of Waterloo, 196, 200-210; insubordinate spirit, 205; commanding the Guard, 208; at Quatre Bras, 213; contrasted with Desaix, 213; at Eylau, 213; imprisoned and condemned to death, 223.

=Nice=, _N._ at, i. 209, 240, 244, 248, 253, 307, 339; inadequate works at, 214; the Buonapartes at, 244; news of the Terror in, 252; France's ambition to gain, 276, 327; lost to Sardinia, 352; proposal that France should keep, iv. 41.

=Niemen, River, the=, military movements on, iii. 31, 336, 341, 373, 384; meeting of the sovereigns on, iii. 39 et seq.; Prussian territory on, 63; French advance from the Vistula to, 337; French advance to the Dwina from, 337.

=Nile, River, the=, the campaign on, ii. 59 et seq.; Mamelukes drowned in, 60; battle of, 61-66, 81, 370.

=Nimes=, alarm among the Protestants of, iv. 147.

=Niort=, enthusiasm for the fallen Emperor at, iv. 218.

=Nivelles=, military operations near, iv. 171, 178; topography of, 195, 196.

=Nivose=, the Plot of, ii. 239-241.

=Nobilles, Comte de=, royalist intrigues of, iv. 107.

=Nobility of France, the=, loss of its feudal power, i. 100; privileges, and assumptions of privileges of, 105, 109; yielding of privileges by, 109; flight of, 109, 142 (_see also_ =Emigrants=).

=Noble Guard=, institution of a, iv. 148; abolition of the, 137.

=Nogara=, military operation near, i. 410.

=Nogent=, Victor ordered to, iv. 62; _N._ at, 62, 74; abandoned by Victor, 64; Souham's forces at, 102; abdication proposed to the Emperor at, 120.

=Non-intercourse Act of March 1, 1809=, iii. 274.

=Non-intervention Act, the=, iii. 102.

=Nordhalben=, Davout at, ii. 428.

=Nordhausen=, military movements near, ii. 434.

=Noerdlingen=, the French position at, ii. 365; capture of Werneck's division at, 367.

=Normandy=, unrest in, i. 222; Marmont's troops to withdraw into, iv. 120.

=North=, proposed League of the, ii. 418.

=North Cape=, a boundary of the Continental System, iii. 280.

=North German Confederation=, proposed organization of, ii. 418-421, 422. _See also_ =Confederation of the Rhine=.

=North Sea=, proposed French expedition to, ii. 334; part of the coast incorporated into the French Empire, iii. 278, 287, 294.

="Northumberland,"= the, conveys _N._ to St. Helena, iv. 227.

=Norway=, lost to Denmark, iii. 70; subordination to Denmark, 280; in vassalage to France, 280; offered by Alexander to Sweden, 281, 314, 320, 324; Bernadotte's ambition to acquire, 281, 399; in possession of Denmark, iii. 282; Russian troops for the conquest of, 350; struggle with Sweden, iv. 164.

=Nossen=, defeat of the Saxons by the Black Legion at, iii. 234.

=Notables of France=, ii. 126; abolition of the list of, 247.

=Notre Dame Cathedral=, service in honor of the Concordat at, ii. 215; _N.'s_ coronation in, 341-345.

=Novi=, battle of, ii. 83, 92, 96; military operations near, ii. 178.

=Nuits=, _N._ visits, i. 146; society in, 146.

=Nyon=, Carnot's concealment at, ii. 27.

O

"=Oberon=," iii. 175.

=Ocana=, battle of, iii. 287, 288.

=Ochs, Peter=, republican propagandist in Switzerland, ii. 40.

=Oder, River, the=, proposed surrender to _N._ of forts on, iii. 178; threatened expulsion of the French from, 416; military movements on, iv. 3; French garrisons on, 35.

"=Oedipe=," performed at Erfurt, iii. 172.

=Offenburg=, reputed emigrant conspirators in, ii. 302; Caulaincourt's expedition to, 304.

=Officialdom=, popular hatred of, i. 105.

=Offingen=, the French position at, ii. 365.

=Oglio, River, the=, Beaulieu retreats behind, i. 361; Austria's boundary in Venetia, 438; Scherer driven behind, ii. 88.

=O'Hara, Gen.=, captured before Toulon, i. 229.

=Old Castile=, French occupation of, iii. 155.

=Oldenburg=, proposal to include in North German Confederation, ii. 418; scheme to incorporate with France, iii. 266; Alexander I reserves his family rights over, 288; Alexander offers to exchange, for Erfurt, 288; incorporated in the French Empire, 310, 328; proposal that France evacuate, 407; restored to its former ruler, iv. 40.

=Oldenburg, Duke of=, marries Grand Duchess Catherine, iii. 181, 278; dethroned, 278, 307; proposed allotment of territory to, 409.

=Old Guard, the=, battle of Leipsic, iv. 27, 33; moves against Bluecher from Sezanne, 61; _N._ reviews them at Fontainebleau, 117; _N._ takes leave of, 135; reduction of the pay of, 148; in battle of Waterloo, 205, 208. _See also_ =Imperial Guard=.

=Ollioules=, capture and recapture of, i. 225.

=Olmuetz=, military operations near, ii. 379, 382.

=Olsusieff, Gen.=, annihilated by Marmont at Champaubert, iv. 63.

=O'Meara, Edward=, publisher of an Elban MS., i. 177; _N.'s_ declaration to, concerning the Duc d'Enghien, ii. 311; _N.'s_ conversations with, 441; physician to _N._, iv. 232; assists _N._ on his history, 232; dismissed by Lowe, 232.

=Oneglia=, Massena's advance through, i. 243; French troops in the valley of, 244; _N.'s_ service at, 245, 255.

=Oporto=, seizure of the French governor of, iii. 122; bishop of, applies to England for help, 122; occupied by Soult, 286.

=Oppin=, Bernadotte at, iv. 28.

=Orange, House of=, indemnity to, for loss of power, ii. 262.

=Orange, the Prince of=, recalled to Holland, iv. 40; in Waterloo campaign, 172, 176; at the Duchess of Richmond's ball, 178; battle of Quatre Bras, 180.

=Orcha=, military movements near, iii. 364.

=Ordener, Gen.=, leads expedition to Ettenheim, and arrests the Duc d'Enghien, ii. 304.

=Ore Mountains=, contemplated operations in the, iv. 8; retreat of the allies toward, 12.

=Orezza=, _N._ at, i. 126, 160; meeting of the constituent assembly at, 131-134.

=Orgon=, attempt to assassinate _N._ at, iv. 138.

=Oriani, Comte B.=, _N.'s_ statement to, i. 369.

="Orient," the=, sunk in Aboukir Bay, ii. 63.

=Oriental question, the=, ii. 262.

=Orleans=, prison massacres in, i. 188; French garrison at, iv. 118.

=Orloff, Count=, conducts negotiations for surrender of Paris, iv. 112.

=Ormea=, Massena's advance through, i. 243.

=Orscha=, French garrison in, iii. 341.

=Ortenau=, ceded to Baden, ii. 391.

=Osnabrueck=, position in the French Empire, iii. 279.

=Ossian=, _N.'s_ acquaintance with and study of, ii. 53; iv. 134, 231.

=Ostermann-Tolstoi, Gen.=, in battle of Eylau, iii. 15; character, 107; conducts negotiations with _N._, 107, 112, 113; reception at Paris, 108; quarrel with Ney, 108; _N.'s_ opinion of, 113; at St. Cloud levee, Aug. 15, 1808, 169.

=Osterode=, _N.'s_ headquarters at, iii. 18, 25.

=Ostrach=, battle of, ii. 88.

=Ostrolenka=, Russian retreat to, iii. 5; Russians driven out of, 19.

=Othman=, the royal line of, iii. 163.

=Otranto=, embargo on, ii. 287; creation of hereditary duchy of, 396; Fouche created Duke of, iii. 86. _See also_ =Fouche=.

=Ott, Gen.=, besieges Genoa, ii. 165, 170, 173, 175; defeated by Lannes at Casteggio, 176; reaches Alessandria, 177; in battle of Marengo, 180.

=Otto, Comte L. G.=, ambassador to England, ii. 273; letter from _N._, Oct. 23, 1802, 272, 290; recalled from London, 277.

=Otto the Great=, _N._ likened to, ii. 340.

=Ottoman Empire=, proposed partition of, ii. 47. _See also_ =Egypt=; =Turkey=.

=Oubril=, his treaty rejected by Alexander I, ii. 418, 421; Russian envoy to Paris, 401, 405, 418.

=Oudinot, Gen. C. N.=, in battle of Austerlitz, ii. 386; created Duke of Reggio, iii. 86; _N.'s_ opinion of, 93; character, 93; commanding in Hanau, 203; ordered to Augsburg, 204; ordered to Abensberg, 208; battle of Wagram, 228; ordered to coerce Holland, 266; strength, March, 1812, 324; at the crossing of the Beresina, 367-370; in campaign of 1813, 402; threatens Berlin, 413; _N.'s_ instructions to, iv. 5; defeated at Luckau, 8; fails in his movement against Berlin, 12-16; battle of Grossbeeren, 14; retreats to Wittenberg, 14; superseded by Ney, 17; battle of Dennewitz, 18, 19; at Dresden, 20; battle of Leipsic, 29, 31; checks pursuits at Lindenau, 35; opposes Schwarzenberg, 61; driven back to Nangis, 65; before Provins, 72; captures Mery, 73; ordered to hold Bluecher, 73; checked by Schwarzenberg, 75; driven beyond Troyes, 76; retreats from Arcis, 94; at Bar-sur-Ornain, 103; strength after the surrender of Paris, 118; at the abdication scene, 120; transfers his allegiance to Louis XVIII, 132; recreated marshal, 167.

=Ourcq, River=, military operations on the, iv. 76.

=Ouvrard, G. J.=, sent by Fouche on mission to England, iii. 272.

P

=Pachra, River=, French crossing of the, iii. 355.

=Pacific Ocean=, influence of the United States on the, ii. 288.

=Paderborn=, apportioned to Prussia, ii. 265.

=Padua=, military operations near, i. 410; creation of hereditary duchy of, ii. 396.

=Pagerie, Marie-Josephe-Rose Tascher de la=. _See_ =Beauharnais, Josephine=.

=Pagerie, Mlle. Tascher de la=, sought in marriage by Ferdinand VII,