ii. 160-173, 186, 187;

the keys of, i. 342, 355; French supremacy in, ii. 96; Suvaroff's disasters in, 141; Hannibal's passage of, 169; road across the Simplon, 233; France's "natural boundary," iv. 41.

=Alsace=, Austria driven out of, i. 273; royalists in, ii. 301; Duc d'Enghien's conspiracy in, 301, 305; regulations for Jews in, iii. 77; proposed cession of, to Austria, iv. 67.

=Alten, K. A. von=, in battle of Waterloo, iv. 209.

=Altenburg=, peace negotiations at, iii. 237.

=Altenkirchen=, battle of, i. 385.

=Alvinczy, Gen. Joseph=, _N.'s_ operations against, i. 350; commanding Austrian forces for relief of Mantua, 386-392; defeats Massena at Bassano and Caldiero, 389; operations against Verona, 389-392; retreats from Caldiero, 390; operations on the Adige, 406-414; the Rivoli campaign, 406 et seq.; defeat at Rivoli, 414; flees to the Tyrol, 414.

=America=, disquiet of the English colonies in, i. 22; precedent for France's aid to English colonies in, 23; English measures against colonies in, 24; Raynal's question concerning the discovery of, 137; Marquis de Beauharnais in, 314; collapse of French schemes of colonization in, ii. 237; France looks to her possessions in, 280; scheme for a Bourbon monarchy in, iii. 134, 141.

=American Embargo Act of 1807=, iii. 101-102, 274-275.

=Americas, Emperor of the Two=, iii. 120.

=Amiens=, the treaty of, ii. 211, 230-236, 243, 262-264, 266-274, 280, 284, 332, 351, 400; iii. 47; iv. 264.

=Amsterdam=, asked for loan of ten millions, ii. 154; smuggled commerce of, iii. 265, 267; Louis permitted to return to, 271; removal of the capital to, 277; march of French troops to, 276; sends deputation to Paris, 380.

=Amurrio=, Gen. Victor at, iii. 183.

=Anarchists=, in France, ii. 134; assassination schemes among, 239.

=Anarchy=, the seed of "a pure democracy," i. 397.

=Ancients, Council of the=, represent public sentiment, ii. 2; members of, proscribed, 8; Sieyes president of, 35; join the Bonapartist ranks, 100; give banquet to _N._ in St. Sulpice, 100; share in Bonapartist plots, 101; plots of the 18th Brumaire, 102 et seq.; endeavor to postpone _N.'s_ dictatorship, 112; pass vote of confidence in _N._, 114; adopts the Consulate, 123.

=Ancona=, capture of, i. 422; importance of, 423; _N._ at, 423; _N._ proposes to seize, 447; rise of, 447; fall of, ii. 142; Austrian occupation of, 182; seized by French troops, 396; annexed to Italy, iii. 69, 118.

=Andalusia=, Dupont advances toward, iii. 156; withdrawal of troops from, 188; Soult ordered to, 286.

=Andernach=, alteration of boundary at, ii. 21.

=Andreossy, Gen. A. F.=, service in Egypt, ii. 53; accompanies _N._ on his return from Alexandria, 81; action on the 18th Brumaire, 105; ambassador to London, 277; despatch from _N._ to, 284; reports Austrian activity, iii. 21; influence in Vienna, 23.

=Angely, Regnault de St. Jean d'=, dreads a new Terror, ii. 94; member of the council of state, 152; prophesies the undoing of France, iii. 325.

=Angerburg=, Lestocq at, iii. 8.

=Anghiari=, Provera crosses the Adige at, i. 410, 414.

=Anglas, Boissy d'=, quells riot at the National Convention, i. 283.

=Anglo-Saxon= spirit of civilization, iv. 254.

=Angouleme, Duchess of=, affronts Madame Ney, iv. 148.

=Angouleme, Duke of=, proclaims Louis XVIII, at Bordeaux, iv. 87.

=Anne, Grand Duchess=, mentioned for marriage with _N._, iii. 179, 181; _N._ seeks her hand in marriage, 248, 250.

=Ansbach=, Bernadotte's movements in, ii. 365, 376; ceded to Bavaria, 390; Augereau commanding in, 416; French violation of territory, iii. 59; military movements near, iv. 35.

=Anselme, Gen.=, i. 191.

=Antibes=, recruits for _N.'s_ army from, iv. 155.

=Antilles=, scheme for population of the, ii. 236.

=Antommarchi, Dr. F.=, assists _N._ on his history, iv. 232; _N.'s_ physician, 232.

=Antonelli, Cardinal=, diplomatic duel with Portails, ii. 346.

=Antraigues, Comte d'=, exposes Pichegru's treachery, ii. 5, 6; furnishes pen portrait of _N._, 28, 29.

=Antwerp=, commercial key to central Europe, iv. 42; _N._ "loses his crown for," 42; refused to France by the allies, 67; _N._ refuses to give up, 74; _N._ concedes, to the allies, 87.

=Aosta=, arrival of Lannes at, ii. 171.

=Apennines=, military operations in the, i. 243, 352, 374; ii. 93.

=Apolda=, military movements near, ii. 432.

=Apollonius of Tyana=, _N._ compares Jesus Christ with, ii. 206.

=Aqua tofana=, plot to poison _N._ with, i. 418.

=Arabia=, _N.'s_ attention turned toward, i. 78, 95.

=Aragon=, French occupation of, iii. 155; military government of, 279; captured by Suchet, 289; French possession of, 377.

=Aranjuez=, the revolution at, iii. 135-144; Charles IV's court at, 135, 136, 138.

=Arc de Triomphe=, erection of the, iii. 74.

=Arch-Chancellor of State=, creation of the office of, ii. 322.

=Arch-Chancellor of the Empire=, creation of the office of, ii. 322.

"=Archive Russe=," cited, i. 216.

=Arch-Treasurer=, creation of the office of, ii. 322.

=Arcis-sur-Aube=, Bluecher advances on, iv. 58; _N._ moves to, 85-88; battle of, 86, 92, 93; proposed concentration of the allies at, 89; retreat of the French from, 93; _N.'s_ retreat from, 95; French capture of, 96.

=Arcole=, _N._ at, i. 393; the lessons of, 394; battle of, 389, 390, 399; ii. 140.

=Ardennes Mountains=, proposed boundaries for Germany, iii. 320; military operations in the, iv. 170.

=Ardon=, loss of, iv. 79.

=Aremberg, Duke of=, marries Mlle. Tascher de la Pagerie, iii. 132.

=Arena, Joseph=, success of, in Isola Rossa, i. 119; member of the National Assembly, 133; banished to Italy, 162; influence of, 233; charged with conspiracy, ii. 235; execution of, 241.

=Arenberg=, member of the Confederation of the Rhine, ii. 403.

=Argenson, Comte d'=, suggests the Suez Canal, ii. 46.

=Argenteau, Gen.=, defeated at Dego and Montenotte, i. 353.

=Aristocrats=, guillotining the, i. 251; under the regime of the First Consul, ii. 258.

=Arles=, the canal of, ii. 349.

=Armed neutrality=, the, ii. 209-212; Russia abandons the, 263.

=Army= (French), its relation to the throne, i. 67; demoralization and discontent in, and desertions from, 67-69, 96, 112, 142, 173; iii. 4, 5, 224, 290, 291, 323, 326, 342, 360, 365, 372, 383, 402-404, 411, 412; iv. 4, 7, 12, 13, 19, 20, 22, 36, 62, 63, 69, 73, 83, 99, 101, 118, 122, 146, 147; changes in the, i. 141-143; compulsory service, 142, 143, 213; reorganization of the, 149, 158, 159, 164; regulations, 287; political sentiments in, and influence of, 305, 347, 348, 426; ii. 4, 5, 102, 103, 235; iv. 118, 126; _N.'s_ relations with, care for, and reliance on, i. 362, 365, 366; ii. 29, 140, 153, 196, 248, 318, 361, 408; iii. 50, 325, 379, 380, 386, 387; iv. 50, 59, 123, 131, 137; 219, 248, 249, 255, 259, 260; its prestige weakened by 18th Fructidor, ii. 22; its mainsprings of action, 37; importance of _N.'s_ securing its adhesion, 102; _N.'s_ manifestos to, 159, 160; contempt for the Concordat, 217; quartered in foreign countries, 141; disappearance of discontent in the, 318; creation of marshals of France, 321; conciliating the, 323; its leaders, 364; effect of Trafalgar on, 376; effect of Austerlitz on, 394; the army chest, 409, 410; iii. 295; change in the personnel of the, 3; venality of contractors, 4, 5; improving the commissary, 7; strengthening the, 22; censorship of correspondence from the, 25; founding of military factories, 25; morale after Eylau, 45; _N.'s_ exhibitions of, to the Czar, 50; pension system, 87; military schools, 91; its lust for sack and booty, 155, 224; over-confidence in, 231; the cantiniere of Busaco, 291; discipline in Spain, 292; "Marshal Stockpot's" deserters, 291; expense of maintenance, 295, 305; its equipment for the Russian campaign of 1812, 333; _N.'s_ address to, before the Russian campaign, 334; sufferings in Russia, 337, 357 et seq.; vitality, 374; wrath at _N.'s_ desertion, 375; scheme for supporting, 388; quality of the new (1813), 401; juvenile soldiers in, iv. 4, 5, 21; corruption in the, 5; lack of pay for, 5; effect of long campaigning on the generals, 7; dwindling numbers of, 20; dearth of military supplies, 50; ambition among the minor generals, 118; revival of Bonapartist feeling among the, 148; returns to _N.'s_ standard, 158; reorganization of, 165; its morale at Waterloo, 198; _N.'s_ farewell address to the, 219. _See also_ =Conscription=.

=Army of Catalonia=, service on the Rhine, iv. 55.

=Army of Egypt=, advances on Syria, ii. 68, 69; abandoned by _N._ in Egypt, 80; Adm. Bruix sent to relieve the, 79; its desolate plight, 80, 81.

=Army of England, the=, creation of, ii. 24; _N._ general of, 24, 35; on the watch at Boulogne, 48; the right wing of, 51; strength, 290, 291; ordered to march to the eastward, 362.

=Army of Helvetia=, incorporated into the Army of the Rhine, ii. 140.

=Army of Holland=, freed for active service, ii. 146.

=Army of Italy=, equipment of the, i. 196; campaign in the Alps, 213; _N.'s_ service with and command of, 216, 224, 237, 255, 318-22, 342; question of its sustenance, 239; strength and organization, 240, 241; _N.'s_ plans for the, 245; Corsicans in the, 252; _N.'s_ monograph on, 288; promised booty, 339, 340, 344; the question of its employment, 342, 343; joined to that of the Pyrenees, 343; destitution of, 344; strength (1796), 346; pillage in the, 351; reinforced from Vendee, 387; popularity of, 419; growing arrogance of the, ii. 4; reinforced by the Army of the Alps, 9; speculations as to further employment, 32; restrained from pillage, 42; Moreau's service with, 72; division of, and disaster, 87; frauds in, 91; commanded by Massena, 140, 186; scheme for raising money for, 154; _N.'s_ manifesto to, 159, 160; its line of operations, 160; service on the Rhine, iv. 55.

=Army of Silesia=, contemplated movement against, iv. 24; contemplated movement of, 25.

=Army of the Alps=, Napoleon's plans for the, i. 245; combined with Army of Italy, ii. 9.

=Army of the Danube=, under command of Jourdan, ii. 72.

=Army of the East= (Allies), iv. 3.

=Army of the Elbe=, formation of, iii. 393.

=Army of the Interior=, the, i. 298; _N._ made second in command, 305; _N._ reorganizes, 308; 1796, 345; commanded by Augereau, ii. 7.

=Army of the Main=, formation of the, iii. 393.

=Army of the Netherlands=, service on the Rhine, iv. 55.

=Army of the North=, conquers the Austrian Netherlands, i. 273; in 1796, 347; operations on the Rhine, 434; Barras's schemes in regard to, ii. 6.

=Army of the North= (Allies), in Brandenburg, iv. 3; contemplated movement against the, 24.

=Army of the Pyrenees=, transferred to Maritime Alps, i. 342; joined to that of Italy, 344; service on the Rhine, iv. 55.

=Army of the Reserve=, ordered to Italy, ii. 163, 164; expected to attack Melas, 170; crosses the Alps, 169-173.

=Army of the Rhine, the= (French), _N._ seeks to join, i. 216; _N._ fails of admission, 224; commanded by Citizen Beauharnais, 314; the question of its employment, 342; fails to support _N._ in Italy, 435; destitution of, ii. 6; Augereau commander of, 7; disbanded, 35; Moreau commanding, 140; _N.'s_ manifesto to, 159; contempt for the Concordat in, 235; the San Domingo expedition selected from, 236; _N.'s_ method of quelling opposition in, 235-237; weakened to ensure success in Italy, 296.

=Army of the Rhine= (Archduke Charles's), i. 425.

=Army of the Sambre and Meuse=, wins battle of Fleurus, i. 273; campaigning in the Alps, 425; brought to Paris, ii. 7.

=Army of the South= (Allies), iv. 3; pursues Murat, 26; Augereau attempts to hinder, 94; Francis joins, at Lyons, 97.

=Army of the Tyrol= (Austrian), retreats to head waters of the Enns,