iv. 290;

enthusiasm for Ferdinand VII, iii. 138; political intrigues in, 139-141; Murat Protector of, 140; attitude of the people toward Murat, 141; deposition of the Bourbons, 145; Murat appointed dictator, 146; _N._ assumes the royal and hereditary rights of the throne of, 148; Louis refuses the crown of, 148; military movements in western Spain and on the Baltic, 149; character of the people, 149-152, 153, 154, 190, 288; convocation of notables at Bayonne, 149; adoption of a new constitution, 150, 152; destruction of her commerce, 152; lack of centralization in, 151, 152, 374; guerrilla warfare, iii. 152-155, 190, 291; influence of the clergy in the rebellion, 154; French disasters in, 154, 290, 291; fate of French soldiers in, 155; French movement against southern, 156; French pillage in, 158; national uprising against France, 158, 192; difficulties of the French campaign in, 157; offer of the throne to Archduke Charles, 166; _N._ returns to, 182; caliber of the French army in, 183; _N.'s_ strength in, Nov. 3, 1808, 183, 184; regular and irregular forces, 184; _N._ assumes command in, 184; lack of military genius in, 185; Sir John Moore enters, 186; sympathy between Portugal and, 186; abolition of the Inquisition and of the feudal system, 189; _N._ institutes reforms in, 189; formation of a liberal constitution for, 191; _N._ threatens to assume the crown, 191; question of annihilating its nationality, 191; statements as to _N.'s_ leaving, 196; reinforcements for, 202; Wellesley prepares for invasion of, 236; need of prompt action in, 238; the war in, 249; the crown offered to Louis and rejected, 270; England's loss of trade with, 272; Fouche's offer to restore the Bourbons to, 271; seizures of American ships in, 275; annexation of part of, to France, 278; open warfare in, 282; seizure of northern provinces of, 282; "the natural continuation of France," 282; policy of total annexation, 282; French rapine in, 282; policy of military administration for, 282; quality and strength of the French armies in, 283; Massena in command in, 283; Wellington's provisions for French victories in, 284; blunders by the insurrectionary leaders, 288; Wellington enters, 289; French occupation, close of 1812, 290; Soult abandons the south of, 290; discipline of the French army in, 291; England's expeditions to, 293; confiscation in, 296; troops withdrawn from Germany for service in, 307; _N.'s_ offer of peace in, refused by England, 318; England to be driven from, 328; compared with Russia, 374; French disasters in, 377; exhaustion of, 382; recall of commanders from, 386; treaty with Russia, July, 1812, 391; in grand coalition against _N._, 392; _N._ offers peace to England in, 392; Wellington's reverses in, 392; proposal to restore Bourbon rule, 416; _N._ abandons, 420; Wellington's successes in, 423; French defeats in, iv. 14; _N._ offers to restore the independence of, 30; rises in support of Wellington, 40; proposed independence of, 41; prolongation of the war in, 51; restoration of the king to, 52; relapses into absolutism and ecclesiasticism, 52; adoption of a new constitution, 52; member of the Vienna coalition, 164; _N.'s_ dread of capture in, 221.

=Spandau=, capitulation of, ii. 436; proposed siege of, iv. 2.

=Spartel, Cape=, Nelson's fleet off, ii. 372.

=Specialist=, the work of the, iv. 251.

=Speculation=, mania for, in France, i. 288, 289; ii. 219.

=Spirding, Lake=, military movements near, iii. 10.

=Splueglen Pass=, proposed movement of the reserve army via, ii. 169; crossed by Macdonald, 192.

=Spree, River=, military movements on the, iii. 407, 409; iv. 14.

=Stadion, Count=, Austrian diplomatic agent, ii. 381; Austrian minister of state, iii. 21, 104, 194, 199; letter from Metternich, July 26, 1807, 104; urges prompt action, 199; resigns, 253; mission to the allies' camp, 408.

=Stael, Mme. de=, relations with, enmity toward, and criticisms of _N._, ii. 22, 119, 139, 197, 199, 259; iii. 94, 297-301; procures revocation of Talleyrand's exile, ii. 34; _N.'s_ study of her writings, 53; "Influence of the Passions," 53; on liberty in France, 119; her salon, 199; her character, 259; iii. 297-301; banishments of, ii. 411; relations with Mme. Recamier, ii. 411, 412; returns to Paris, iii. 26; ordered back to Geneva, 26; at Coppet, 298; difficulties with the Directory, 298; criticizes Josephine Beauharnais, 298; difficulties with the Committee of Public Safety, 298; poverty, 299; her book on Germany, 300.

=Stage=, censorship of the, ii. 349.

=Standing armies=, i. 67.

=Staps=, attempts to assassinate _N._, iii. 240.

=Starhemberg, Count=, Austrian ambassador to London, iii, 104; leaves London, 104.

=Starsiedel=, fighting at, iii, 406.

=State=, _N.'s_ conceptions of the, i. 78.

=State system=, the, iv. 298.

=States of the Church=, Pius VII strives to augment the, ii. 346.

=Steffens, Prof.=, summons German students into the ranks, iii. 398.

=Stein, Baron H. F. C.=, Prussian statesman, ii. 415; iii. 103; frees the serfs, 103; introduces military reforms in Prussia, 162; resigns his ministry, 162; _N._ demands his dismissal, 162, 178; seeks refuge in Vienna, 178; exile from Prussia, 193; effect of his reforms, 320; adviser to Alexander I, 351; reorganizes Prussian provinces, 385; formulates the treaty of Kalish, 385; relations with Alexander, 385, 396; hostility to _N._, 397; iv. 57, 67; joins Frederick William at Breslau, iii. 396; on the unification of Germany, 397; character, 397; leading part in Prussia's awakening, 398; prepares to govern the conquered territories, iv. 34.

=Sterling, Adm.=, naval operations of, ii. 359.

=Stettin=, capitulation of, ii. 436; Davout's force in, 202; proposed French movement on, 393; held by the French, 402; relief of the French in, iv. 2.

=Stewart, Sir Charles=, English minister at Berlin, iii. 417; influences the armistice of Poischwitz, 417.

=Steyer=, armistice signed at, ii. 192.

=Stockach=, battle of, ii. 88; captured by Lecourbe, 166.

=Stockholm=, installation of Bernadotte at, iii. 281.

"=Stockpot, Marshal=," iii. 291.

=Stoetteritz=, fighting at, iv. 33.

=Strabo=, _N.'s_ study of, i. 78.

=Stradella=, Desaix commanding corps at, ii. 177; fortified camp at, 175; military operations near, 185.

=Stralsund=, threatened by Mortier iii., 19; Schill's final stand at, 213, 234; capture of, 234.

=Strasburg=, Moreau's army at, i. 347; Moreau and Desaix cross the Rhine near, 440; retirement of Cardinal Rohan from, ii. 301; imprisonment of Duc d'Enghien at, 304, 305; French expeditions to, 304; iii. 203; Caulaincourt's mission to, 107; Maria Louisa's progress through, 257; Schwarzenberg's communications with, threatened, iv. 95, 96; sends troops to relief of Paris, 102.

=Strebersdorf=, military operations near, iii. 217, 218.

=Street of Peace, the=, iii. 74.

=Street of Rivoli, the=, iii. 74.

=Strehla=, fighting near, iv. 9.

=Striefen=, fighting near, iv. 9.

=Striegau=, Bluecher at, iv. 3, 6.

=Stuart=, British envoy to Vienna, ii. 302.

"=Study in Politics, A=," projected by _N._, i. 289.

=Studjenka=, the passage of the Beresina at, iii. 368-371.

=Stura, River, the=, Massena's advance through valley of, i. 243; Austrian force on, ii. 170.

=Stuttgart=, Bourrienne in diplomacy at, i. 174; machinations of Mehee de la Touche in, ii. 297, 298; expulsion of the English envoy at, 330.

=Styria=, junction of Austrian troops in. ii. 367; Prince Eugene in, iii. 225; Archduke John banished to, 230.

=Suchet, Marshal Louis-Gabriel=, retreat before Melas, ii. 165; expected to attack Melas, 170; military operations on the Var, 174; pursues the Russians, 378; battle of Austerlitz, 387; service in Spain, iii. 283; annihilates Blake's Spanish army, 289; captures Aragon and Valencia, 289; captures Tarragona, 377; contrasted with Augereau, iv. 94; strength, March, 1814, 102; available forces of, 118.

=Sucy=, _N.'s_ letters to, i. 165; prophesies as to _N.'s_ future, ii. 28.

=Suez, Isthmus of=, importance of, ii. 46.

=Suez Canal=, suggested by D'Argenson, ii. 46.

=Suicide=, _N.'s_ views concerning, and his attempts to commit, i. 80, 81; ii. 75; iv. 130, 131, 217, 232, 287.

=Sunday=, resumption of its observance, ii. 258.

="Supper of Beaucaire," the=, i. 212-221, 286.

=Survilliers, Comte de=. _See_ =Buonaparte, Joseph=.

=Suvaroff, Gen. A. V.=, defeats Macdonald on the Trebbia, ii. 92; holds Piedmont, 141; driven by Massena to Bavaria, 142; disasters in the Alps, 141.

=Swabia=, treaty with France (1796), i. 450; demonstrations of emigrants in, ii. 307; withdrawal of Austrian troops from, 311; French occupation of, 405.

=Sweden=, excluded from Congress of Rastatt, ii. 27; joins the "armed neutrality," 194; _N.'s_ hatred for the royal house of, 416; Joachim I's aspirations to the crown of, 416; Prussia recommended to go to war with, 420; member of the coalition, iii. 20; held back by Mortier, 19; internal dissensions, 35; neutrality of, 46; failure of commercial negotiations with England, 49; proposed commercial war against England, 55; virtual dependence on France, 66; English regulations concerning American trade with, 100, 101; supposed assistance from England to, 113; _N._ hints at rectification of her boundaries, 113; proposed Russian invasion of, 113; makes obstinate resistance in Finland, 117; failure of the demonstration against, 159; Alexander's uncertain position in regard to, 165; _N._ promises to restore Pomerania to, 268; promises to exclude British commerce, 267; treaty with Russia, Sept. 17, 1809, 268; cedes Finland to Russia, 268, 281; Frederick VI hopes to acquire, 280; _N.'s_ ambitions concerning, 280; accession of Charles XIII, 280; selection of Bernadotte as heir to the throne, 280; abdication of Gustavus IV, 280; Mme. de Stael in, 299; Alexander offers Norway to, 314, 321, 350; Russia opens negotiations with, 316; demands and acquires a liberal constitution, 317; eagerness to escape from French protection, 318; _N._ offers Finland to, 321; bids for her alliance by France and Russia, 320, 321; Davout occupies Pomerania, 321; treaty with Russia, April 12, 1812, 321; Alexander demands better terms for, 329; in grand coalition against _N._ (1813), 392; Metternich seeks to embroil Russia and, 395; subsidized by England, 399; ambition to secure Norway, 399; _N._ attempts to win over, 399; evacuates Hamburg, 407; commercial agreement with England, 424; inaugurates the coalition of 1813, 424; Bernadotte seeks to annex Norway to, iv. 55; struggle with Norway, 164; member of the Vienna coalition, 164.

=Swiss Guard=, at the Tuileries, i. 299.

=Switzerland=, republican schemes and revolutionary movements in, i. 329; ii. 27, 40; _N.'s_ schemes and influence in, i. 448; ii. 12, 144, 233, 234; French plundering of, 40; organization of the Helvetian Republic, 86; Massena ordered to command in, 87; Russian military operations in, 91-93; Berthier commanding in, 140; Massena's successes in, 140; Massena makes a forced levy in, 153; falls into French hands, 164, 234, 281; Kray's retreat via, cut off, 166; jealousy of Piedmont, 233; factions in, 234; adoption of the name, 234; neutrality of, 234; the Act of Mediation, 234; furnishes contingents to _N.'s_ armies, 234; iii. 3, 20, 323; occupied by Ney, ii. 272; lends aid to France in 1803, 289; independence of, 354; _N.'s_ claim to, 354; Prussia bound to secure the liberties of, 377; Mme. de Stael banished to, 411; relations of France with, iii. 54, 73; Valais separated from, 278; violation of her neutrality by the allies, iv. 56, 57, 66, 67; fails to support the Emperor, 57, 59; reported rising in, 88; Jerome and Joseph take refuge in, 135.

=Syria=, Nelson seeks the Egyptian expedition off the coast of, ii. 57; _N.'s_ schemes of conquest in, 61, 62; Turkish movements in, 68-70; the French advance into, 68, 69.

=Szuczyn=, Russian retreat to, iii, 8.

T

=Tabor, Mount=, battle near, ii. 72.

=Tabor Bridge=, Murat crosses the, ii. 368.

=Tacticus=, _N.'s_ references to, ii. 235.

=Tactics and strategy=, the lessons of Austerlitz, ii. 391, 392.

=Tafalla=, Moncey at, iii. 183.

=Tagliamento, River=, military operations on the, i. 430-432.

=Tagus, River, the=, British fleet in, iii. 121; French attempt to capture the fleet in, 121; Dupont holds, 156; the lines of Torres Vedras, 285; military operations on, 285.

=Taine, H. A.=, on the Napoleonic regime, iv. 294.

=Talavera=, battle of, iii. 236, 284, 287.

=Talleyrand, Prince=, minister of foreign affairs, ii. 17, 34, 35, 130, 153, 323; relations with and views on _N._, ii. 17, 23, 24, 30, 31, 33-35, 96, 97; iii. 81, 94-96, 133, 151, 168, 175, 179, 301; iv. 165, 233; attempts to force _N.'s_ hand, ii. 23; relations with Mme. du Barry, 33; expelled from England, 33; Mirabeau's opinion of, 33; relations with the Directory, 34; career, 33-35; system of national education, 33, 225-227; charged with tampering with Bernadotte, 43; member of the Institute, 47; advocates seizure of Egypt, 47, 48; intrigue with _N._, Barras, and Sieyes for a new constitution, 49; ascribes the Egyptian expedition to _N._, 51; proposed mission to Constantinople, 66; dreads a new Terror, 94; critical moment in his house, before the 18th Brumaire, 103; influence on Barras, 107; Bourbon sympathies of, 122; _N._ proposes a constitution to, 126; offers peace to Portugal, 154; monarchical views of, 158; discusses possibility of _N.'s_ death, 186; negotiations with Count St. Julien, 188; negotiations with Cobenzl, 189; demands bribes from American envoys, 212; the Pope's ban removed from, 216; carves up German principalities, 265; demands to know England's intentions concerning Malta, 273; Lord Whitworth's utterances to, 284; his explanation of the scene of March 13, 1803, 284; urges action against Bourbon plotters, 304; notifies Baden of the seizure of Duc d'Enghien, 308; charged with suppressing despatches, 306; Josephine's dread of, 308; blamed by _N._ for the murder of the Duc d'Enghien, 311; iii. 198; murder of the Duc d'Enghien sits lightly on, ii. 312; Grand Chamberlain, 324; attitude of Pius VII toward, 326; excommunication taken off from, 326; replies to Russia's demands, 330; diplomatic replies to Pius VII, 346; at Vienna, 382; created Prince of Benevento, 396; iii. 94, 279; negotiations with Lord Yarmouth, ii. 400, 401; bribed by German princes, 403; on the proposed North German Confederation, 420; at Tilsit, iii. 49, 53; warns _N._ against Queen Louisa's fascinations, 60; author of treaty of Tilsit, 60; Queen Louisa's sarcasm to, 61; showy character of his diplomacy, 65; responsibility for the treaty of Tilsit, 72; advocates support of the Emperor, 80; conversations with Mme. de Remusat, 80; on the discords in the imperial court, 94; resigns from the ministry, 94, 96; salary, 96; his influence on the wane, 96; Vice-Grand Elector, 96; iv. 106; policy after Austerlitz, iii. 125; favors Ferdinand VII, 125; resumes active diplomacy, 133; negotiations with Izquierdo, 133; at Bayonne, 145; estimate of Ferdinand VII, 145; constituted custodian of Ferdinand VII, 148, 169; stinging rebuke addressed to _N._ by, 151; prepares to return to public life, 169; acts in the interests of Austria, 171, 178; at the Erfurt conference, 171, 178-181; ordered to ventilate the divorce question, 181; his treachery read by _N._, 197; blamed by _N._ for the Spanish failure, 197; member of extraordinary council on _N.'s_ second marriage, 254; on the natural extensions of France, 282; meeting of _N._ and Mme. de Stael at house of, 298; pecuniary losses, 301; on the aims of the coalition of 1813, 400; spreads alarming reports, iv. 51; on the Spanish situation, 51, 52; royalist intrigues of, 51, 106, 107, 113; member of the Empress-regent's council, 106; Murat's and Lannes's characterizations of, 107; desires a violent death for the Emperor, 107; opposes the departure of the Empress from Paris, 107; _N.'s_ knowledge of his duplicity, 107, 108; on the Empress's flight from Paris, 108; Dalberg's characterization of, 107, 108; simulated flight from Paris, 112; interview with Prince Orloff, 112; sends a "blank check" to Alexander, 113; at peace council in Paris, 114; gives adherence to Louis XVIII, 113; negotiates with Nesselrode, 113; member of the executive commission, 114; learns of Marmont's defection, 125; remonstrates with Alexander against the regency, 125; suspected complicity in plots to assassinate _N._, 138; negotiates secret treaty between France, England, and Austria, 145; influence at the Congress of Vienna, 144, 145; double intrigues of, 148, 149, 153; ignores Russian and English protests, 153; attainted, 157; _N._ appeals to, 165; at Carlsbad, 224; returns to Paris, 224; reception by Louis XVIII, 224; resumes active functions, 224; on the secret of empire, 250; his value in European politics, 251; correspondence with--French, ambassador at London, ii. 284; Grenville, Lord, 143; Napoleon, 34, 49, 361; iii. 18, 117; Nesselrode, Count, iv. 106; _character:_ ambition, iii. 96; iv. 106; brilliancy, ii. 33; iii. 65; capacity for intrigue, ii. 49, 130; iv. 51, 106, 108, 112, 148, 153; diplomatic and political ability, ii. 33, 131, 346; iii. 65, 95, 133; duplicity, ii. 33-35, 130-132; iv. 107; gaming passion, ii. 33; greed 131; learning, 33; licentiousness, 33, 131; self-interest, iii. 193, 197, 253, 381; treachery, 193, 197; iv. 106; unscrupulousness, ii. 33, 35, 212; iv. 107, 138; venality, ii. 34, 131, 265, 390, 391, 403; iii. 81, 94, 125; iv. 251; versatility, ii. 33.

=Talleyrand, Mme.=, Pius VII refuses to receive, ii. 326.

=Tallien, J. L.=, opposes Robespierre, i. 251; social life in Paris, 290; influence for _N._, 296; favors appointment of _N._ as Convention general, 299; marriage, 315.

=Tallien, Mme.=, "the goddess of Thermidor," i. 290; _N.'s_ social intercourse with, 291; matrimonial experiences, 315.

=Talma, F. J.=, i. 319; accompanies _N._ to Erfurt, iii. 174; _N.'s_ intimacy with, iv. 250.

=Tanaro=, _N._ at taking of, i. 255.

=Tanaro, River=, the country of the, ii. 178.

=Taranto=, embargo on, ii. 287; creation of hereditary duchy of, 396; Macdonald created Duke of, iii. 86. _See also_ =Macdonald=.

=Tarentum=, Soult's force at, ii. 204.

=Tarragona=, captured by Suchet, iii. 377.

=Tarutino=, Kutusoff takes position at, iii. 350.

=Tarvis=, capture of, i. 433.

=Tatars=, characteristics of the, iii. 9.

=Tatary=, _N._ studies the history of, i. 95.

=Tauenzien, Gen.=, battle of Dennewitz, iv. 18; during the Waterloo campaign, 172.

=Tauroggen=, Convention of, iii. 385, 395.

=Taxation=, Necker's problems of, i. 98; exemption of privileged classes from, 98, 100, 105; conditions of, at outbreak of the Revolution, 101-106; the stamp tax, 106; the land-tax, 105, 106; outbreak against, at Auxonne, 111; demand for equality of, in Corsica, 116, 117; reform of the system of, ii. 134, 220.

=Tchitchagoff, Adm.=, joins Tormassoff, iii. 350; pursuit of the French army by, 358, 366, 383; hopes of capturing _N._, 367; description of _N._, 367; captures Borrissoff, 367, 368; driven out of Borrissoff, 368; at the crossing of the Beresina, 370; blamed by Kutusoff and Wittgenstein, 374, 375; bad generalship of, 375, 383.

=Tchernicheff, Gen.=, commanding Army of the North, iv. 2.

=Telnitz=, fighting at, ii. 385, 386.

="Templars, The,"= by Raynouard, ii. 350.

=Temple, the=, the royal family imprisoned in the, i. 175.

=Tenda Pass=, captured by the French, i. 243, 256; _N.'s_ entertainment for Mme. Turreau at, 256.

=Teplitz=, Louis's flight to, iii. 276; Bennigsen reaches, iv. 22.

=Terror, the=, i. 250-252, 266, 272, 314, 333; iv. 262; fears of a revival of, ii. 92.

=Terrorists, the=, growing influence of, ii. 93; assassination schemes among, 239.

=Testamentary rights=, under the Code, ii. 224.

=Tettenborn, Gen.=, relieves Hamburg, iii. 402.

=Texel, the=, Marmont ordered to Mainz from, ii. 362.

=Thann=, battle of, iii. 210.

=Tharandt=, Klenau's march to Dresden from, iv. 10.

=Themistocles=, his refuge with the Persians, iv. 227; _N._ draws parallel between his case and that of, 227.

=Thermidorians, the=, i. 252; prominent members of, 254; adopt Roman systems, 269, 270, 271; establish the Directory, 271; anger the people of Paris, 273.

=Thielemann, Gen.=, in Waterloo campaign, iv. 172; at Wavre, 194.

=Third Coalition, the=, ii. 354 et seq.; Prussia induced to join, 376, 377; rout of the allies at Austerlitz, 388; destruction of its strength and morale, 388.

=Third Estate, the=, at outbreak of the Revolution, i. 101; constitution of, 108; assumes to represent the nation, 108; forces a junction with the two upper Estates, 108; Sieyes's pamphlet on the, 107; _N.'s_ care for, iv. 258, 261.

=Third Republic=, the constitution of the, i. 267.

=Thirty Years' War=, Richelieu's policy at close of the, ii. 264.

=Thome=, alleges attempt to stab _N._, ii. 116.

=Thonberg=, _N._ at, iv. 32.

=Thorn=, siege of, iii. 2; French occupation of, 12; military movements near, 13; _N._ in, 331; French military stores in, 333.

=Thought=, influence on the social life of the world, ii. 46.

=Thouvenot, Gen.=, service in Spain, iii. 283.

=Three Emperors, Fight of the=, ii. 391.

=Thugut, Count=, greed for territorial aggrandizement, i. 325; determines on Italian conquest, 425, 426; opens negotiations at Leoben, 436; warns Gen. Clarke to keep away from Vienna, 452; ii. 42; not deceived by treaty of Campo Formio, 22; Paul I demands his dismissal, 142; repudiates St. Julien's negotiations, 188; overthrow of, 189.

=Thuin=, military operations at, iv. 173.

=Thumery, Marquis of=, suspected of plotting against _N._, ii. 303.

=Thuringia=, military movements in, ii. 427.

=Tiber, River=, military operations on the, i. 421.

=Ticino, River=, military operations on the, i. 358; ii. 173.

=Tierney, G.=, on England's attitude toward France, ii. 144.

=Tilly, Count=, _N.'s_ letter to, Aug. 7, 1794, i. 253.

=Tilsit=, Bennigsen crosses the Niemen at, iii. 31; meeting of the Emperors at, 34-65, 93; treaty of, 34, 35, 54, 60, 63-66, 69, 72, 95, 97, 99, 104-110, 116-120, 132, 166-172, 177, 245, 248, 255, 265, 294, 304, 309, 313, 314, 328; neutralization of, 42; reasons leading to the peace of, 44 et seq.; Queen Louisa at, 44, 57-62; French representatives at, 49; fraternizing of Russia and France at, 49-53; decoration of the Russian grenadier at, 63; _N.'s_ position at, 179; Macdonald reaches, 384.

="Times," the= (London), on the allies' capture of Paris, iv. 108.

=Tissot, Dr.=, _N.'s_ letter to, i. 84.

=Tobacco=, establishment of state monopoly in, iii. 304.

=Toledo=, Dupont's forces near, iii. 156.

=Tolentino=, treaty of, i. 350, 421; ii. 326.

=Toll, Gen.=, meets Alexander I after Austerlitz, ii. 388; proposes concentration of the allied forces, iv. 89; advises movement on Paris, 98.

=Tolosa=, French forces at, iii. 183.

=Tolstoi, Gen.=, _See_ =Ostermann-Tolstoi=.

=Torbay=, the "Bellerophon" at, iv. 221, 226.

=Torcy=, battle at, iv. 86; military operations at, 90.

=Torgau=, Saxon troops withdrawn from, iii. 407; French occupation of, iv. 2; Ney driven into, 19; battle of, 267.

=Tormassoff, Gen.=, confronted by Schwarzenberg, iii. 342; joined by Tchitchagoff, 351.

=Torres Vedras=, the lines of, iii. 285.

=Tortona=, surrendered to France, i. 355; _N._ at, 453; scheme to relieve Massena via, ii. 169; the key of Genoa, 172; topography of the country, 177, 178; the Consular Guard at, 178.

=Tortugas, the=, death of Leclerc in, ii. 237.

=Touche, Mehee de la=, contrives Moreau's ruin, ii. 296-298; English plots with, 330.

=Toulon=, the recovery of, for the Convention, i. 148; military and naval preparations at, 187, 220, 221, 261; ii. 40, 47, 57, 332; return of the Sardinian expedition to, i. 198; anarchy in, 207, 213; the Buonapartes in, 212; the Buonapartes driven from, 216; siege of, 220, 233, 289; Marseilles refugees at, 221; Lord Hood's seizure at, 221; the "treason" of, 221-223; _N._ at, 223, 240, 255, 257, 289, 307; _N.'s_ plans for capture of, 230; _N._ seeks mercy for rebels at, 233; the National Convention's vengeance on, 233, 234; massacres in, 234; British occupation of, 239; recapture of, 249; news of the Terror in, 251; English fleet driven from, 260; the Corsican expedition leaves, 262; _N._ at siege of, 289; forced military loans in, 345; departure of Egyptian expedition from, ii. 52-56; Nelson seeks the Egyptian expedition at, 57; _N._ sails from Alexandria for, 82; failure of Villeneuve's expedition from, 333; _N._ orders the Spanish fleet to, iii. 71.

=Toulouse=, Soult thrown back on, iv. 81; defeat of Soult at, 147.

=Tournon, the Chamberlain de=, mission to Spain, iii. 128.

=Tours=, the French garrison at, iv. 118.

=Trachenberg=, military council at, iv. 6.

=Trade=, condition at outbreak of the Revolution, i. 101.

=Trafalgar=, _N.'s_ reception of the news of, ii. 334; battle of, 373-376; iii. 47; effect in France, ii. 394; _N.'s_ reply to, ii. 441; the lesson of, 264.

=Trannes=, military movements near, iv. 60, 89.

=Transpadane Republic, the=, i. 367, 400, 402, 428; question of a constitution for the, ii. 10.

=Trasimenus=, creation of the department of, iii. 262, 263.

=Traun, River=, military movements on the, iii. 211.

=Treaties=, the value of, iv. 263. For specific treaties see the names of parties signatory (countries or rulers) and of the places at which signed.

=Trebbia, River=, French disasters on the, ii. 83, 92.

=Treilhard, M.=, member of the Directory, ii. 92.

=Trent=, military operations near, i. 384, 409, 414; abandoned by Vaubois, 387; Brune advances to, ii. 192; apportioned to the Grand Duke of Tuscany, 266; ceded to Bavaria, 391.

=Treuenbrietzen=, Prussian pursuit of Oudinot to, iv. 14.

=Treviso=, creation of hereditary duchy of, ii. 396; Mortier created Duke of, iii. 86 (_see also_ =Mortier=); the Buonaparte family princes of, iv. 44.

=Trianon=, _N._ retires to, after the divorce, iii, 257; the imperial court at, 301.

=Trianon Decree, the=, iii. 279.

=Tribunate, the=, ii. 126, 150-153; constitution of, 241; opposition to _N._ in, 242, 243; secret sessions of, 247; new method of electing to, 247; form of addressing the First Consul in, 293; Carnot remonstrates in, against adulation of _N._, 295; independence of, 320; initiates the imperial movement, 321; condition under the imperial constitution of 1804, 322; destruction of, iii. 82; compared with the English Parliament, 83; its functions, 83.

=Tricolor=, Louis XVI, adopts the, i. 109; _N.'s_ scheme to unfurl, in Corsica, 122; insult to, in Naples, 192.

=Triest=, _N._ threatens to seize, i. 404; seized by _N._, 434; reoccupied by Austria, 435; rise of, 447; importations of English goods at, iii. 165; ceded to France, 239; England's loss of trade with, 272; basis of possible Oriental operations, 331; French occupation of, 423; _N._ offers the city to Austria, 424.

=Trinidad=, retained by England, ii. 211, 262; ceded to England, 332.

=Triple Alliance, the=, iv. 21, 76, 295.

=Triumphal Arch, Paris=, erection of the, iii. 74.

=Tronchet=, on committee to draft the Code, ii. 222.

=Troyes=, recall of the Parliament to Paris from, i. 106; battle of, iv. 60; military movements near, 60, 68, 72-76, 86, 88-91, 95, 104, 105.

=Truchsess-Waldburg, Count=, Prussian commissioner at Fontainebleau,