ii. 189, 192;

the Peace of, 192, 193, 203, 204, 263, 266, 302, 358, 402.

=Lusha, River=, military movements on the, iii. 355.

=Lusignan, Gen.=, military operations on the Piave, i. 430-433.

=Luetzen=, battle of, iii. 404-408; iv. 4, 21.

=Luetzow, Baron L. A. W.=, raises the "black troop," iii. 397.

=Luxembourg, the=, Barras's social life in, i. 290; Gohier and Moulins withdraw to, ii. 108; Moreau commanding guard at, 108; the First Consul installed at, 124; residence of the Bonapartes at, 195.

=Lyceums, the=, ii. 227; iii. 90.

=Lyons=, _N.'s_ memoir to the Academy at, i. 78; the "Two-cent Revolt" in, 79; _N._ at, 79, 183; ii. 83; iv. 137, 156, 165; honors to Paoli in, i. 124; massacres and anarchy in, 188, 207, 213; Girondist success at, 214; siege of, 222; fall of, 229; recapture of, 249; reorganization of the Cisalpine Republic at, ii. 231; Fesch becomes archbishop of, 258; repulse of Bubna from before, iv. 67; Augereau driven back to, 81; assaulted by the allies, 94; evacuated by Augereau, 94; Francis I, at, 97; constitutional assembly summoned to, 156; reception of Artois and Macdonald at, 156; national assembly at, 166.

=Lyons Academy, the=, _N.'s_ essay before, i. 137-140; _N.'s_ competition for prize of, 164.

M

=Macdonald, Gen. E. J. J. A.=, commanding Army of the North, i. 347; a product of Carnot's system, 332; ordered to command in Naples, ii. 87; succeeds Championnet, 92; defeated on the Trebbia, 92; action on the 18th Brumaire, 105; commanding guard at Versailles, 108; commanding in the Grisons, 190; crosses the Splugen, 192; created Duke of Tarante, iii. 86; commanding in Italy, 211; pursues Archduke John into Hungary, 213; at Villach, 217; battle of Wagram, 229; strength, March, 1812, 324; in Russian campaign, 338; reaches Tilsit, 384; campaign of 1813, 402; battle of Luetzen, 404; battle of Bautzen, 409; beleaguers Schweidnitz, 413; confronts Bluecher at the Bober, iv. 7, 15; detailed to block Bluecher's road into Saxony, 8; fails in his movement against Berlin, 13-19; battle of Katzbach, 14, 15; reinforcements for, 18; attacked by Bluecher at Fischbach, 18; ordered to check Bluecher's advance, 20; battle of Leipsic, 29-32, 34; at crossing of the Elster, 34; defends the Rhine at Cologne, 54; Bluecher attempts to cut off, 62; fails to check Bluecher's retreat, 64; ordered toward Montmirail, 63; ordered to join Victor at Montereau, 64; his failure at Chateau-Thierry, 72; before Bray, 72; moral exhaustion of, 72; opposed to Schwarzenberg, 76, 84; driven beyond Troyes, 76; demoralized at Provins, 81; moves toward Vitry, 93; at Perthes, 103; Bourbon intrigues with, 113; advises endeavor to recover Paris, 117; strength after the surrender of Paris, 118; at Fontainebleau, 119; approves plan of attack on Paris, 120; at the abdication scene, 121; on commission to present abdication to the Czar, 125, 126; rebuke to Marmont, 127; transfers his allegiance, 129; reception in Lyons, 157.

=Macedonia=, _N.'s_ eye on, i. 424.

=Macerata=, annexed to Italy, iii. 69, 118.

=Machiavelli, his "History of Florence,"= _N.'s_ study of, i. 150; on friendships, ii. 256; theses concerning the Church of Rome, iii. 262.

=Mack, Gen. K.=, leads Neapolitan army against Rome, ii. 72; mobilizes the Austrian army, 358; quartermaster-general with Archduke Ferdinand in Germany, 363; _N.'s_ opinion of, 363; essays to cross the Danube at Guenzburg, 366; misled concerning _N.'s_ movements, 366; interview with _N._, 367; result of his capitulation, 367.

="Madame Mere,"= i. 34. _See also_ =Buonaparte, Letizia=.

=Madeleine Islands=, _N._ writes of their strategic importance, i. 91.

=Madison, James=, policy of nonintervention, iii. 102; declares war against England, 321.

=Madrid=, effect of Marengo at, ii. 204; Lucien Buonaparte minister at, 257; the land-owning class in, iii. 123; culmination of intrigues at, 126; the queen regent of Etruria sent to, 129; irritation against France in, 132; Murat advances on, 134; rioting in, 135; entry of Ferdinand VII into, 139; Murat enters, 139-142; proposed visit of _N._ to, 141-143; _N._ disapproves the seizure of, 141; Charles IV a virtual prisoner at, 142; placed under administration of a junta, 143; announcement of the Bourbons' deposition in, 146; revolt against Murat's tyranny in, 146; Joseph assumes the government at, 149, 154; Murat commanding at, 155; the French possession of, in danger, 156; the French evacuate, 158; Sir John Moore's supposed movement on, 186; the French army before the gates of, 187; capitulation of, 187; _N._ makes officers prisoners of war, 187; French troops leave, 188; chilly reception of _N._ in, 189; French evacuation of, 191; Wellington moves against, 290; Victor Hugo at school in, 292; George Sand in, 292.

=Magallon, Charles=, French consul at Cairo, ii. 47; advocates seizure of Egypt, 47.

=Magdalena=, bombardment of, i. 192; capture of, 237.

=Magdalena Islands=, expedition against the, i. 192.

=Magdeburg=, Hohenlohe's retreat to, ii. 434; siege of, 436; Frederick William's hard struggle to retain, iii. 56; Queen Louisa's efforts to save, 57-63; passes to Jerome with Westphalia, 57, 266; parallel between Calais and, 62; French occupation of, 202, 266, 328, 333, 393; iv. 2, 23.

=Maginajo=, Paoli's landing at, i. 125.

=Magnano=, battle of, ii. 88.

=Mahmud II=, proclaimed sultan, iii. 163; makes treaty with Russia, 321.

="Mahomet"= (Voltaire's), _N.'s_ notes on, iv. 232.

=Maillebois=, _N.'s_ study of, iv. 266.

=Main, River=, Augereau's force on the, ii. 190.

=Main, Army of the=. _See_ =Army of the Main=.

=Mainau=, ceded to Baden, ii. 391.

=Maintenon, Mme. de=, patron of the St. Cyr Academy, i. 176.

=Mainz=, evacuation of, i. 222; ceded to France, ii. 21, 28, 38; Marmont ordered to, 362; _N._ leaves Paris for, 422; occupied by Mortier, 424, 443; sends deputation to Paris, iii. 380; _N._ at, 401, 420, 421; iv. 39; meeting of _N._ and Maria Louisa at, iii. 421; French retreat to, iv. 36; disease in, 36; _N.'s_ humanity at, 39; defense of the Rhine at, 54; Prussian forces at, 58; _N._ concedes to the allies at Chatillon, 87.

=Mainz, Bishop of=, _N.'s_ sarcasm to agent of, ii. 28.

=Mainz, the Elector of=, ii. 402. _See also_ =Dalberg, Archbishop=.

=Maison, Gen.=, available forces of, iv. 118; transfers his allegiance to Louis XVIII, 132.

=Maistre, Joseph de=, on social order, iii. 89.

=Maitland, Sir P.=, in battle of Waterloo, iv. 208, 209.

=Maitland, Capt. F. L.=, takes _N._ on board the Bellerophon iv. 220; relations with _N._, 220-223.

="Malbrook s'en va t'en guerre,"= iv. 34.

=Malet, C. F. de=, conspiracy to overthrow the empire, iii. 361, 376; his career and execution, 376.

=Malmaison=, _N._ at, ii. 206, 256, 306; iii. 196; iv. 218; social vices at, iii. 92; Josephine withdraws to, 247; _N._ visits Josephine at, 257.

=Malmesbury, Earl of=, mission to Paris (1796), i. 449; views concerning France, 449; resumes peace negotiations at Lille, ii. 12.

=Malojaroslavetz=, battle of, iii. 355, 360.

=Malta=, _N._ plans seizure of, i. 424; ii. 16, 18, 33; rival claimants of, 18; French intrigues in, 56; the citadel of the Mediterranean, 57; _N.'s_ expedition against, 56, 57; capture of, 56, 57; the Knights of St. John, 56, 59; blockade of, 67; besieged by England, 141; Paul I seeks control of, 141, 154, 193; French capture of, 154; captured by England, 193; proposed cession of, to Russia, 193; England withdraws from, 211, 262; Russia waives claim to, 210; restored to the Knights of St. John, 262; proposed cession by England, 267; France pushes England for declaration concerning, 273; England's occupation of, 280, 284, 289, 351, 352, 356; England refuses to admit the Neapolitan garrison, 285; _N._ suggests Austrian or Russian occupation, 285; England insists on ten years' occupancy of, 285; _N.'s_ ambition concerning, 289; proposal that England keep, 401; importance of, iii. 111.

=Mamelukes=, scandals concerning, ii, 17, 58; usurpation of Egypt by, 47; foundation of the military organization of, 58; attack the French at Shebreket, 59; in the battle of the Pyramids, 60; enlisted in French army, 66; the last of the, 77.

=Manche, Letourneaux de la=, member of the Directory, i. 309.

=Manhood suffrage=, i. 188.

=Manin=, last doge of Venice, death of, ii. 24.

=Mann, Admiral=, driven from the Mediterranean, i. 421.

=Mannheim=, _N.'s_ line of retreat via, ii. 424; proposed conference at, iv. 45, 68.

="Man of destiny," the=, i. 321.

="Man on horseback," the=, i. 301, 304.

=Mansilla=, Soult ordered to, iii. 188.

=Mantua=, capture of, i. 350; military operations around, 359-361, 370-373, 378; siege of, 372 et seq.; garrison, 378; importance, 379; the siege raised, 380; re-blockaded by the French, 383; Wurmser relieves, 384; Austria's efforts to relieve, 386, 406-418 et seq.; _N.'s_ critical position before, 389; Wurmser's ineffectual sally from, 392; bids defiance to France, 401; Wurmser's defense and surrender of, 415-418; disposition by treaty of Leoben, 439; capture of, 451; incorporated in the Cisalpine Republic, ii. 21; lost to France, 92; interview between _N._ and Lucien at, iii. 129; trial and execution of Hofer at, 241.

=Manufactures=, condition of, at outbreak of the Revolution, i. 102; encouragement of, ii. 220; iii. 25, 307.

="Manuscrit de l'Ile d'Elbe," the=, i. 177.

="Manuscrit de Ste. Helene,"= repudiated by _N._, iv. 232.

=Marat, J. P.=, head of the committee of surveillance, i. 188; crimes and assassination of, 234.

=Marbais=, military movements near, iv. 186.

=Marbeuf, Marquis de=, tradition concerning his paternity of _N._, i. 31; influences _N.'s_ education, 43, 45, 52; marriage of, 64; death, 80, 115.

=Marbeuf, Mgr. Y. A. de=, bishop of Autun, social influence of, i. 69; disgrace of, 93; literary patron of _N._, 92.

=Marbot, Gen.=, denies the story of Lannes's death-bed, iii. 224; relates anecdote of the cantiniere of Busaco, 291; memoirs of, iv. 192, 193; on Grouchy's blunders, 192, 193.

=Marburg=, junction of Austrian troops at, ii. 367.

=Marceau, Gen. F. S.=, in battle of Fleurus, i. 273; statue at the Tuileries, ii. 147.

=March, River=, military operations on the, iii. 230.

=Marchfeld, the=, fighting in, iii. 218; military operations on, 224; Prince Eugene left to guard, 235; Bernadotte's failure on, 280.

=Marchiennes=, military operations near, iv. 173, 177.

=Marciana=, _N._ at, iv. 142.

=Marcognet, Gen.=, in battle of Waterloo, iv. 201.

=Marengo=, _N.'s_ over-confidence at, ii. 177; topography of country near, 178, 179; battle of, 176-186; iii. 196, 299; _N.'s_ triumphant return from, ii. 186; _N.'s_ desire for peace after, 189; effect of the battle at Madrid, 204; Moreau's troops employed at, 295; celebration on the field of, 355; statements concerning _N.'s_ movements after, iii. 196; _N.'s_ narrow escape at, 382; a nobility dating from, iv. 44; its place in French history, 261.

=Maret, H. B.=, secretary to _N._, ii. 215; iii. 19; recovery of, 27; influence of, 27; increased activity of, 27; created Duke of Bassano, 86; report from Laborde to, 252; member of extraordinary council on _N.'s_ second marriage, 254; succeeds Champagny in the Foreign Office, 318; warlike zeal of, 326; letter from _N._, Sept. 10, 1812, 347; letter from _N._, Nov. 29, 1812, 372; in charge of affairs in Lithuania, 375; meeting with Metternich, 416; on the Austrian marriage, 416; letter from _N._, Aug. 23, 1813, iv. 7; Minister of Foreign Affairs, 42, 46; succeeded by Caulaincourt, 42, 46; transferred to the Department of State, 46; French dislike of, 46; influence over _N._ at Dresden, 69; on the Congress of Chatillon, 69, 70; records anecdote of Caulaincourt after La Rothiere, 69, 70; persuades _N._ to resume negotiations, 74; wrings concessions from _N._, 87; letter to Caulaincourt, March 17, 1814, 87; at council at St. Dizier, 104; at the abdication scene, 121; member of _N.'s_ new cabinet, 159.

=Maria, Queen of Portugal=, mental alienation of, iii. 119; embarks for Brazil, 121.

=Maria, Amelia=, princess of Saxony, mentioned for marriage with _N._, iii. 179.

=Maria Amelia=, queen of Saxony, reproaches Metternich for deserting _N._, iv. 43.

=Maria Antoinetta Theresa=, wife of Ferdinand VII, death of, iii. 124.

=Maria Carolina=, queen of Naples, alleged intrigues of, ii. 357; approaching downfall, 337; breaks her compact with _N._, 395.

=Maria Louisa=, of Austria, at Compiegne, iii. 148; proposed marriage with _N._, 180, 252, 253; preparations for her marriage, 253-257; marriage in Vienna, 254-257; progress from Vienna to Paris, 257; meeting with _N._ at Compiegne, 258; civil marriage, 258; induction into her imperial court, 259-261; personality and character, 260, 327, 330, 381; visit to Holland, 269; statue by Canova, 300; birth of the King of Rome, 302; abandonment of _N._, 302; iv. 135, 143, 162; _N.'s_ affection for, iii. 302, 323, 327, 381; iv. 233; accompanies _N._ to Dresden, iii. 330; married to Neipperg, 330; returns from Dresden to Paris, 331; at Prague, 331; lack of affection for, in France, 377; plan of regency for, 381, 421; iv. 114, 124; visits Pius VII, iii. 390; Metternich on her marriage, 416; political ends subserved through, 416; her marriage "a piece of stupidity," 418; charged with treachery, 418; meets _N._ at Mainz, 421; dramatic appearances before the people, iv. 51, 52; entrusted to the care of the National Guard, 53; Francis I to, on the situation, 67; prepares for extremities, 81; Joseph enjoined to preserve her from Austrian capture, 91; letter from _N._, March 23, 1814, 96, 100; character as Empress-regent, 105; her council, 106; rebuked by _N._, 105; flight from Paris, 106-112; establishes a regency at Blois, 115; flight of, 117; _N._ seeks her intervention with her father, 128; declines to accompany _N._ to Elba, 135; _N.'s_ anxiety for, 135-138; takes refuge with her father, 135, 143; at Rambouillet, 135; _N._ breaks off relations with, 143; succumbs to Neipperg's wiles, 143; proposed coronation of, 157; relations with Neipperg, 162; disclaims connection with her husband, 162; failure of the attempt to crown, 165; besought for _N.'s_ release, 231; _N.'s_ sentiments toward, 233.

=Marie Louise=, queen of Etruria, Lucien refuses to marry, ii. 257; abdicates and goes to Madrid, iii. 129; interview with _N._, 129; supports Charles IV, 137; ordered to Bayonne, 147.

=Maria Theresa=, character, iii. 37.

=Marie Antoinette=, tradition concerning, i. 44.

"=Marie Louises=," in the defense of Paris, iv, 99.

=Mariotte=, Talleyrand's agent in Leghorn, iv. 150; plots to seize _N._, 150.

=Maritime Alps=, war in the, i. 196, 342, 345.

=Markgrafneusiedl=, military operations near, iii. 227-229.

=Markkleeberg=, fighting near, iv. 29.

=Markoff, Count=, Russian ambassador at Paris, ii. 263, 330; at the Tuileries, March 13, 1803, 282, 283.

=Marlborough, Duke of=, military genius, i. 348; _N._ compared with, 348.

=Marmont, Gen. A. F. L.=, _N._ visits, i. 146; records _N.'s_ mercy, 233; admiration for _N._, 237, 245; accompanies _N._ to Paris, May 2, 1795, 263; at Milan, 366; records utterances of _N._ at Milan, 366; service in Egypt, ii. 53; _N._ tells him of intention to return from Egypt, 79; reports declaration of Sir Sidney Smith, 79; accompanies _N._ on his return from Alexandria, 81; commanding at the military school, 108; passes Fort Bard, 171; in battle of Marengo, 120; ordered from the Texel to Mainz, 362; at Neuburg, 365; character, 364; iv. 127; letter from _N._ to, Nov. 15, 1805, ii. 378; created Duke of Ragusa, iii. 86; called to Vienna from Illyria, 225; pursues Archduke Charles, 231, 235; repulsed at Znaim, 235; replaces Massena, 289; withdraws for concentration, 290; move against Burgois, 290; advances on Wellington, 290; battle of Salamanca, 290, 343, 377; campaign of 1813, 402; the Saxon campaign, 404; battle of Bautzen, 409, 410; treachery, iv. 5; recollections of _N._, 5; confronts Bluecher at the Bober, 7; criticizes _N.'s_ plans, 7; battle of Dresden, 8, 9; sent to support of Vandamme at Kulm, 15; _N._ confesses failure to, 21; characterization of the march to Leipsic, 26; battle of Leipsic, 27-30, 33; on _N.'s_ conduct after Leipsic, 31; assigned to defense of the Rhine, 54; at Montierender, 60; falls into panic, 62; moves from Sezanne against Bluecher, 62; annihilates Olsusieff's corps, 63; demoralization of, 64; pursues Bluecher, 64; driven by Bluecher to Fromentieres, 64; junction of _N._ and, near Etoges, 65; battle of Champaubert, 66; ordered to hold Bluecher, 71; at Sezanne, 74; checks Bluecher at the Ourcq, 76; loses Soissons, 77; junction with _N._, 77; battle of Laon, 79; routed by York, 79; at Eppes, 79; disaster at Athies, 80, 82; abandons Berry-au-Bac, 81; rallies his troops at Fismes, 81; captures Rheims, 81; reproached by _N._, 82; at Berry-au-Bac, 85; defends the Paris line against Bluecher, 86; letter from _N._, March 20, 1814, 91; ordered to Chalons, 91-94; joins Mortier at Fismes, 93; plan of operations against Bluecher, 94; disobedience and incapacity of, 81, 93, 95, 99; retreats to Fismes, 100; junction with Mortier, 100; supposed advantages of a retreat to Rheims, 100; driven back to Charenton, 99; driven back on Paris, 101, 105, 109, 110; strength, 102; empowered to treat for surrender, 111; defense of Paris, 112, 113; vanity, 113, 120; concludes terms of surrender, 113; approached by Bourbon intriguers, 113; homage of Paris to, 113, 120; denounced by _N._, 115; receives the Emperor's congratulations, 116; reveals the worst to the Emperor, 117; ordered to take position under the walls of Paris, 116; strength after the surrender of Paris, 118; the treason of, 120; terms of his secession, 120; letter to Alexander, April 3, 1814, 119; repeats the role of Monk, 120, 125; sends treasonable documents to Berthier, 119; seduces five of his generals, 125; reveals his plot to Schwarzenberg, 125; at Essonnes, 124; attempts to explain away his action, 124; demands to join the embassy to the Czar, 125; "brought up in _N.'s_ tent," 124; aids in delivering up Souham's troops, 126, 127; fails to face Alexander, 126; demoralization among his troops, 126; seeks audience with the Czar, 126, 127; his subsequent career of treason, and death, 127; despised by the imperial generals, 127; coining of the word "ragusade," 127; Macdonald's rebuke to, 127; nicknamed Judas, 127, 147; stricken from the list of marshals, 127; _N._ on his desertion, 128; _N.'s_ charge against, 130; puts the Paris garrison under arms, 149; applies for post of minister of war, 148; attainted, 157; _N.'s_ forgiveness for, 233.

=Marne, River=, military operations on the, iv. 58, 61, 63, 76, 97, 99.

=Marriage=, under the Code, ii. 222, 224.

=Marseillais=, the, in the riots of August 10, 1792, i. 178, 179.

="Marseillaise," the=, sung in Paris, i. 175; permitted by imperial order, iv. 51; played at Fontainebleau, 118.

=Marseilles=, _N._ at, i. 81, 115, 141, 184, 263, 307, 322; sends deputation to Paris, 174; demands abolition of monarchy, 174; equipment of Sardinian expedition from, 191; anarchy and massacres in, 207, 212, 214, 220, 234; the Buonapartes in, 212, 263, 309; defeat of the Jacobins in, 213; movement of Marseillais on Paris, 214; captured by Carteaux, 220; refugees from, at Toulon, 221; the "Bastille" of, 239; _N.'s_ views of the fortifications, 239; feeling against _N._ in, 239; circulation of counterfeit money in, 246; news of the Terror in, 252; reopening of commerce with Genoa, 257; forced military loans in, 344; Massena commanding at, iv. 154; _N._ sends emissaries to, 154.

="Marsh," the=, position in the National Convention, i. 188.

="Marshal Forward,"= iv. 98. _See also_ =Bluecher=.

=Marshall, John=, Talleyrand attempts to corrupt, ii. 34.

=Martial law=, reforms of, i. 142.

=Martinique=, birthplace of Josephine Beauharnais, i. 313; French squadron at, ii. 333; French plans to strengthen, 333.

=Mary, Queen= (of England), likened to Queen Louisa, iii. 62.

="Masked Prophet," the=, i. 86, 93.

=Massa-e-Carrara=, incorporated in the Cisalpine Republic, ii. 21; given to Elisa (Buonaparte), 395.

=Massena, Gen. Andre=, general in Army of Italy, i. 241, 345; seizes Ventimiglia, 243; plan of campaign in the Apennines, 243; on the courage of his troops, 244; defeats Austrians at Millesimo, 353; at Lodi, 361; defeated at Bassano, 388; battle of Citadella, 388; defeated by Alvinczy at Caldiero, 388; military operations on the Piave, 388, 432; attacked at St. Michel, 410; in the Rivoli campaign, 413, 414, 416; ii. 323; operations in the Italian Alps, i. 433; captures Chiusa Veneta, 433; seizes St. Michael and Leoben, 436; operations on the river Mur, 436; ordered to Switzerland, ii, 87; military genius, 87; 440, iii. 283; defeated at Zuerich, ii. 93; defeats Korsakoff at Zuerich, 93; 142, 323; fitted for role of General Monk, 94; victories in Italy, 96; supreme commander of the Army of Italy, 140, 160, 186, 362; puts Suvaroff to flight, 142; defeats Archduke Charles at Zuerich, 141; makes a forced levy in Switzerland, 153; brings Switzerland into French hands, 164; defense and surrender of Genoa, 165, 170, 172, 323; plans for the relief of, 170, 172; superseded by Brune, 190; republicanism of, 190; created marshal, 323; leaves Italy for Austria, 380; ordered to Naples, 395; avarice of, 440; venality of, iii. 81; created Duke of Rivoli, 86; yearly income and enormous fortune, 87, 224, 296; to concentrate at Ulm, 203; to concentrate on the Lech, 204; movements on the Isar, 205, 208; in campaign of Eckmuehl, 206; ordered from Augsburg to Ingolstadt, 206-208; at Moosburg, 207; in the Enns valley, 216; crosses the Danube, 217; in battle of Aspern, 219; character, 224; battle of Wagram, 227, 228; commanding in Spain, 283; disasters in the Peninsula, 284; insubordination in his army, 285; battle of Busaco, 284; in Coimbra, 285; march toward Lisbon, 285; enters Portugal, 284; Soult's jealousy of, 286; Soult fails to relieve, 286; withdraws toward Santarem, 286; awaits reinforcements, 287; failure in Spain, 287; precarious situation before Lisbon, 288; joined by Soult, 289; defeated at Fuentes de Onoro, 289; reinforcements ordered from Castile to, 289; disgraced by _N._, 289; succeeded by Marmont, 289; holds his position, 289; insubordination among his officers, 289; punishes desertion, 291; commanding at Marseilles, iv. 154; neutrality of, 157; recreated marshal, 167.

=Masseria, Joseph=, associated with _N._ in Corsica, i. 117; success of his agitation, 119.

=Massias, Baron N.=, French minister at Karlsruhe, ii. 305.

=Matra, M. E.=, a rival of Paoli, i. 16.

=Maubeuge=, battle of, i. 332.

=Maubreuil, Comte de=, arranges for the assassination of the Emperor, iv. 119, 138.

=Mautern=, Hiller crosses the Danube at, iii. 212.

=Maximilian, Archduke=, evacuates Vienna, iii. 212.

=Maximilian, Joseph=, king of Bavaria, gives his daughter to Eugene de Beauharnais, ii. 399; at the Erfurt conference, iii. 171; his reforms in the Tyrol, 201; threatens to join the coalition, iv. 16; joins the allies, 22; grant of autonomy to, 22; defection of, 56.

=Meaux=, prison massacres in, i. 188; Bluecher moves on, iv. 77; _N.'s_ plan of movement via, 85; evacuation of, 99.

=Mecklenburg=, territory restored to the reigning house, iii. 49.

=Mecklenburg-Schwerin=, proposal to include in North German Confederation, ii. 418.

=Mecklenburg-Schwerin=, Duke of, refuses to furnish levies, iii. 394.

=Mecklenburg-Strelitz=, proposal to include in North German Confederation, ii. 418.

=Mecklenburgs=, the, assert their independence, iv. 40.

=Medical School=, lecture system of the, i. 281.

=Medina de Rio Seco=, French success at, iii. 156.

=Mediterranean, the=, English naval operations in, and power on, i. 207, 221, 257; ii. 15, 16, 56, 83; iii. 111; naval operations in the, i. 421, 424; departure of the English fleet from, 424; _N._ a child of, ii. 15; France's ambition for conquest of, 16; the citadel of the, 18, 56; _N.'s_ schemes on, 18, 157; iii. 111, 112; elaboration of plans for operations in, ii. 33; importance, 46; _N._ calls for ships in, 68; Adm. Bruix sent to conquer, 79; European jealousy regarding control of, 136; English cessions in, 211, 262; Villeneuve's orders for operation in, 372; attempt to unite French fleets in, iii. 111; _N.'s_ mastery of, 264; English trade with, 280; Roman dominion of, 302.

=Meerveldt, Gen.=, Austrian plenipotentiary at Leoben, i. 437; Austrian plenipotentiary in treaty of Campo Formio, ii. 19; defeated at Leoben, 368; battle of Leipsic, iv. 28, 30; at Austerlitz, 30; sent to ask an armistice, 30; captured at Leipsic, 30.

=Megnadier, Gen.=, seduced by Marmont, iv. 125.

=Mehemet Ali=, accession to power, ii. 77.

=Meike=, on commission to notify _N._ of his sentence, iv. 226.

=Meissen=, French forces at, iii. 393.

=Melas, Gen.=, commanding Austrian army in Italy, ii. 160; drives Suchet across the Var, 165; forces Massena back into Genoa, 165; military tactics, 165; cuts off communication with Massena, 169; position on the Var, 169; hurries to Turin, 169, 174; _N.'s_ plans for the defeat of, 169, 172; reinforcements for, 170; rallies his army at Alessandria, 174, 177; capture of one of his couriers, 175; military characteristics, 178; crosses the Bormida, 178; in battle of Marengo, 178-185; retires to Alessandria, 180; superseded by Bellegarde, 188.

=Melnik=, Austro-Russian troops near, iv. 3.

=Melun=, the garrison at, iv. 118.

=Melzi, Comte F.=, nominated for president of the Cisalpine Republic, ii. 231; letter from _N._ to, March 6, 1804, 299.

=Memel=, Queen Louisa at, iii. 37; proposal that Russia seize, 62; Tolstoi visits Frederick William and Louisa at, 108.

=Memmingen=, captured by Lecourbe, ii. 168; seized by Soult, 366.

=Meneval, Claude F. de=, statement of _N._ to, concerning the Duc d'Enghien, ii. 312; reveals Maria Louisa's defection to _N._, iv. 143; dismissed from the service of the King of Rome, 162.

=Menou, Gen. J. F. de=, commanding the Army of the Interior, i. 298; ordered to disarm the insurgents, 299; pusillanimity of, 301, 307; service in Egypt, ii. 53; professes Islamism, 65; succeeds Kleber, 181; surrenders in Egypt, 181; disasters in Egypt, 211.

=Mentone=, _N._ in, i. 238.

=Mercier, L. S.=, _N.'s_ study of his "Philosophic Visions," ii. 54.

=Merlin, P. A.=, member of the Directory, ii. 8, 35, 52; interferes to prevent _N.'s_ resignation as commander of Egyptian expedition, 52; resigns from the Directory, 92; seduced by Marmont, iv. 125.

=Merseburg=, Bernadotte at, iv. 27.

=Mery=, Bluecher at, iv. 73; captured by Oudinot, 73.

=Messkirch=, battle of, ii. 167.

=Mettenberg=, engagement on the, ii. 168.

=Metternich, Prince von=, character, ii. 131; iii. 417-420; on _N.'s_ designs of 1804-5, ii. 338; on the treaty of Tilsit, iii. 72; allusions to _N.'s_ tenure of power, 104; letter to Stadion, July 26, 1807, 104; _N.'s_ conversations and confidences with, 110, 278, 311, 333, 389, 418; at St. Cloud levee, Aug. 15, 1808, 169; deceived by the clique of Talleyrand and Fouche, 193; goes to Vienna, 193; plenipotentiary at Altenburg, 237; suggests a union between _N._ and Maria Louisa, 252; succeeds Stadion as foreign minister, 253; reports France's financial condition, 305; stirs up strife between France and Russia, 313; reports the Russian army on the Danube, 314; character of his negotiations with France, 317; on the Russian war of 1812, 328; interview with _N._ at Dresden, 389; holds back Schwarzenberg, 395; negotiations with England, 395; prepares to desert _N._, 395; seeks to embroil Russia and Sweden, 395; negotiations with Hardenberg, 395; negotiations with _N._, 395; foresees the aims of the new coalition, 400; triumph in the Saxon affair, 399; _N._ fears the intrigues of, 409; arranges a basis of mediation with Nesselrode, 415; meeting with Maret, 416; on the Franco-Austrian marriage, 416; secret meeting with Alexander, 415; double-dealing of, 418; interview with _N._, 418-420; demands suspension of the Franco-Austrian treaty of 1811, 419; charged by _N._ with venality, 419; poses as armed mediator, 420; interview with _N._, June 27, 1813, 418-420; letter to Francis, June 29, 1813, 419; advocates a continental peace, 420; encourages rivalries of petty potentates, 423; at Congress of Prague, 422; his policy exposed, 423; diplomacy during the Frankfort parley, iv. 41-44; reproached for deserting _N._, 43; letter to Caulaincourt, Nov. 9, 1813, 42; letter from Caulaincourt, Dec. 2, 1813, 46; suggests compromise plan of invasion of France, 57; his memoirs, 66, 67; position in European diplomacy, 66-69; influence over Castlereagh, 67; desires to restore the Bourbons, 68; his policy concerning France, 88; strives to check Prussian ambition, 88; on the European policy of 1814, 88; relations with the allies, 97; letter from _N._, March 28, 1814, 104; besought to encompass _N.'s_ exile, 138; urges Maria Louisa to break relations with her husband, 143; negotiates secret treaty between Austria, England, and France, 144, 145; Fouche attempts intrigue with, 165.

=Metternich, Countess=, share in the Austrian marriage negotiations, iii. 253.

=Metz=, imprisonment of the Prince of Hesse-Cassel in, ii. 443; sends men to relief of Paris, iv. 102.

=Meuse, River=, a French river, iii. 270; military movements on the, iv. 166.

=Mexico=, scheme of a Bourbon monarchy in, iii. 134, 142.

=Middle Guard=, in battle of Waterloo, iv. 208.

=Milan=, under foreign yoke, i. 345; _N.'s_ entry into and subsequent visits to, 351, 362, 367, 400; ii. 175, 186; iii. 109; 129, 132; defense of, by Beaulieu, i. 352-362; flight of the Archduke from, 359; coercion applied to, 361; provisional government for, 367; plundered of works of art, 368; levy of enforced contributions from, 375; _N.'s_ influence in, 427; _N.'s_ residence at Montebello, 447, 452, 455, 456; Gen. Clarke at, 451; celebration of July 14, in (1797), ii. 4; troops moved to Picardy from, 24; Moreau ordered to cut Kray's communication with, 164; plan of march to, abandoned, 169; festival at, 173; French entry into (June 2, 1800), 173; _N.'s_ care for the cathedral, 173; Austrian evacuation of, 173; Count of St. Julien sent to, 187; coronation of _N._ at, 353, 354; Prince Eugene Beauharnais viceroy at, 358; sends deputation to Paris, iii. 380.

=Milan decree, the=, iii. 101, 109, 119, 321.

=Milanese, the=, provisional government for, i. 367; scheme to organize republic in, 373; disposition by treaty of Leoben, 439; question of restoring to Austria, 452.

=Milhaud, Gen. J. B.=, transfers his allegiance to Louis XVIII, iv. 132; in Waterloo campaign, 173.

=Military courts=, reconstitution of, i. 142.

=Military discipline=, reforms in, i. 142-145.

=Military schools in France=, i. 48; iii. 91; _N.'s_ criticisms of, i. 61.

=Military strategy=, _N.'s_ skill in, ii. 153; the art of, 182.

=Milleli=, _N.'s_ summer house and grotto, i. 135, 210.

=Millesimo=, military operations at, i. 352, 354, 355; battle of, iv. 65.

=Mincio, River, the=, military operations on, i. 361, 371, 379, 381;