CHAPTER XXII

NAPOLEON'S PLACE IN HISTORY

Exhaustion -- The Change in Napoleon's Views -- Intermitting Powers -- Their Extinction -- Common Sense and Idealism -- The Man and the World -- The Philosophy of Expediency -- A Mediating Work -- French Institutions -- Transformation of France -- Napoleon and English Policy -- His Work in Germany -- French Influence in Italy and Eastern Europe -- Napoleon and the Western World.

[Sidenote: Summary]

If Napoleon's qualities as usurper, statesman, and warrior be as remarkable as they appear, why was his time so short, what were the causes of his decline, and what is his place in history? The causes of his decline may be summed up in a single word--exhaustion. There exists no record of human activity more complete than is that of Napoleon Bonaparte's life. In its beginnings we can see this worshiper of power stimulating his immature abilities in vain until, with reckless desperation, he closed the period of training and made his scandalous bargain with Barras; then, grown suddenly, inexplicably rich, becoming with better clothing, food, and lodging physically more vigorous, he seems mercilessly to drive the rowels into his own flanks until initiative, ingenuity, and ruthlessness are displayed with apparently superhuman dimensions. The period of achievement is short, but glorious in politics; the age of domination is long and exciting. Throughout both there is the same wanton physical excess and intellectual dissipation. Then comes the turn. Every human age has in it the germs of the next; we begin to die at birth, and the characteristic qualities and powers of one period diminish as those of the next increase. So it was with Napoleon. He compressed so much, both as regards the number and importance of events, into so short a space that his times are like those wrinkled Japanese pictures which are made by shriveling a large print into a small compass--intense and deep, but unreal. To change the metaphor, he found the ship of state dashing onward, with her helm lashed and no one daring to take the task of the steersman in hand. He cut the lashings and laid hold. His unassisted efforts as a pilot gave the vessel a new course; but he had no steam or other mechanical power, no _deus ex machina_, to aid him; and, as the storm increased, exhaustion followed; he seemed to be steering when, in reality, his actions were under the compulsion of events he was not controlling; and this continued until the wreck.

But the inertia of his powers resembled their rise so perfectly as to represent continuous growth, and thus to deceive observers: in a few years he had ordered the Revolutionary chaos of western Europe to his liking, and the resultant organization worked by the principles he had infused into it. As he saw his imperfect and shallow theories of society successively confounded, he had no vigor left to reconstruct them and adapt himself to new situations. His efforts at the role of liberator throughout the Hundred Days deserve careful study. He simply could not yield or adapt himself, except in non-essentials. The shifts to which he had resort would have been ridiculous had they not been pathetic. The governmental forms attempted by the Revolution had been successively destroyed by the furious energy of Jacobinism: the Directory was but a compromise, and when it took refuge for safety in the army its performances seemed to the masses sure to bring back the Terror; the Consulate was only a disguised monarchy founded on military force; and as royalism was impossible, there seemed to vast numbers no other alternative than the Empire. That there was no other alternative was due to Napoleon's imperious character, now developed to its utmost extent. He was selfish, hardened, and, though active like his symbolic bee, without capacity for further development. His mother knew that he could not hold out; she said it, and saved money for a rainy day. He himself had haunting premonitions of this truth. His passion to perpetuate himself by founding a dynasty was the real basis for his warlike ardor. Profoundly moved, in fact awe-stricken, by the imperishable hatred of the older dynasties, and yet reveling in his military genius, he waged war ruthlessly and with zest, enjoying the discomfiture of his foes, and delighting in the exercise of his powers. But, after all, war was but a means. He frequently dwelt on the advantages of hereditary succession; he lingered with suspicious frequency over the satisfaction a dynastic ruler must feel in the devotion or, if not that, in the submissiveness of his people; he was hypersensitive to the slightest popular disturbance; and he must have foreboded his own fall, since he was accustomed to wear poison in an amulet around his neck, so that when the great crisis should arrive he might take his own life. "Ah! why am I not my grandson?" he longingly ejaculated.

This single cause of Napoleon's fall can be better seen in the record of his second captivity than in any other portion of his life. There is no such thing as absolute exhaustion short of death. But intermittent and flickering exertion is symptomatic of failing powers in a jaded horse; it forebodes the end in a worn-out man. Cheerful and busy at first, because recruited by a long and favorable sea-voyage, he set out in St. Helena at a racing gait to write history and mold the public opinion of Europe. Playful and energetic, he caught together the scanty remnants of his momentary grandeur, and emulated the masters of ceremony at the Tuileries in organizing a court and issuing edicts for the conduct of its little affairs. His life was to be that of a caged lion--caged, but yet a lion. The plan would not work. In the affairs of Longwood there were, as everywhere, hitches and irregularities. To Napoleon these soon became not the incidents, but the substance of life. With the departure of his secretaries the business of biographical composition became first irksome, then impossible, and the poor muse of history was finally turned out of doors. To regular exercise succeeded spasmodic over-exertion; complaint became the subject-matter for the exercise of both mind and tongue; daily association with kindly but second-rate persons checked the flow of great ideas; the combinations of Austerlitz and Wagram gave place to the small moves in a game of spite with a bureaucratic British governor. From the days of his boyhood until his alliance with Barras the exile had been a dreamy, vague, indefinite, unsuccessful fellow; his powers were not quickly developed. While he had France and Europe to work upon, he showed the extraordinary qualities repeatedly outlined, mind and hand, thought and deed, working together. Already jaded, his stupendous capacity became intermittent after the fatal armistice of Poischwitz; but it worked, for it still had the raw material of grand strategy and great politics to work on. This continued until after Waterloo. That battle, not a great one in itself, was nevertheless epic, both in its effects upon the world and in its ruin of the brains which had swayed the destinies of Europe for twenty years. Between the flight to Charleroi and the escape to the _Bellerophon_, Napoleon shows no pluck and no brains.

In actual captivity his mind was without a sufficient task and under no pressure from necessity. It consequently, though somewhat invigorated at first, intermitted more and more toward the close, working, when it did work, awkwardly and with friction, until the physical collapse came, and the end was reached. The attempts to remodel history, the efforts to delineate his own and others' motives, the specious summaries of his career and its epochs, the fragmentary expositions of his philosophy in ethics, politics, and psychology--all the stately volumes which bear his name, his literary remains, in fact, present a pitiful sight when closely examined. They are but the scoriae of a burnt-out mind, but dust and ashes; a splendid mass, but an extinct volcano. It was only natural that his successors and admirers should seek to erect a more enduring foundation for his fame by collecting and carefully editing what he had written when at his best, when acting according to his momentary, normal impulse, and when, therefore, he had the least pose and the greatest sincerity. But it is a proof of their shrewdness that they selected and published less and less after Erfurt, and that out of the voluminous pen-product of St. Helena they chose a hundred and fifty pages which the "Correspondence," intended to be the most splendid monument to the Emperor's glory, could present as authentic biographical material.

If, then, Napoleon was after all but a plain man, how did he become a personage? Simply because he was the typical man of his day, less the personal mediocrity; the typical burgher in personal character, the typical soldier in war, the typical despot in peace, and the typical idealist in politics; capable in all these qualities of analysis; capable, consequently, of being understood; capable of exhaustion and of being overwhelmed by combinations. In other words, he was really great because he was the shrewd common-sense personage of his age, considering the ideal social structure as a level of comfort in money, in shelter, in food, in clothes, in religion, in morality, in decency, in domestic good-nature, in the commonplace good things fairly divided as far as they would go round. This was the side of his nature which in a period of social exhaustion planted him four-square as a social force, presented him to France as the rock against which the "red fool-fury" of Jacobinism had dashed itself to pieces, and gave him for a time command of all hearts. Thus established, he at once fell heir to French tradition--that is, to the continuous policy of the nation in foreign and domestic affairs; which was that France should be the Jupiter in the Olympus of European nations by reason of her excellence both in beauty and in strength. Here was a temptation not to be resisted, the superlative temptation like that of the serpent and the woman, the chance to transcend by knowledge, the opportunity to "hitch his wagon to a star," to commingle the glory of France with his own until the elements were no longer separable. Into this snare, great as he was in his representative plainness, he fell, and in the ensuing confusion he not only destroyed himself, but brought the proud and splendid nation which had cherished him to the very verge of destruction. He could not sway one emancipated people without swaying an emancipated Europe, and this after Austerlitz he determined to do. Then he lost his head: his wisdom turned out to be nothing but adoration of mere expediency; his strength proved weakness when, with his imperial idealism, he braved in Spain the idealism of a true nation; his vaunted physical endurance disappeared with self-indulgence, the golden head and brazen loins fell in a crash as the feet of clay disintegrated before the storm of national uprisings.

This being true, we have in his career every element of epic greatness: a colossal man, a chaotic age, the triumph of principle, the reestablishment of historical equilibrium by means of a giant cast away when no longer needed. And this epic quality, which is not in the man alone nor in the age alone, appears when the two are combined, and then only. Looking at him in our cold light, he has every attribute of the commonplace adventurer; looking at the France of 1786 with our perspective, the people and the times appear almost mad in their frantic efforts to accomplish the work of ages in the moments of a single lifetime. Yet combine the two, and behold the man of the third estate rising, advancing, reflecting, and then planting himself in the foreground as the most dramatic figure of public life, and you have a scene, a stage, and actors which cannot be surpassed in the range of history. To the end of the Consulate the action is powerful, because it represents reality: a nation unified, a people restored to wholesome influences, peace inaugurated, constitutional government established. There is so far no tawdry decoration, no fine clothes, no posing, no ranting. But with the next scene, that of the Empire, the spectator becomes aware of all these annoyances, and more. The leading actor grows self-conscious, identifies himself with the public interest for personal ends and to the detriment of the nation, displays no moral or artistic self-restraint, and soon arranges every element so as to make his studied personal ambitions appear like the resultants of ominous forces which act from without, and against which he is donning the armor of despotism for the public good. The play becomes a human tragicomedy, and, verging to its close, ends, like the tragedies of the Greeks, with a people betrayed and the force of the age chained to a torrid rock as the sport of the elements.

Was this the end, and did Napoleon have no place in history, as many historians have lately been contending? Far from it. From his couch of porphyry beneath the gilded dome on the banks of the Seine, the Emperor, though "dead and turned to clay," still exercises a powerful sway. The actual Napoleonic Empire had, as we have before remarked, a striking resemblance to those of Alexander and Charlemagne. Based, as were these, upon conquest, and continued for a little life by the idealism of a single person, it seemed like a brilliant bubble on the stream of time. But Alexander hellenized the civilization of his day, and prepared the world for Christianity; Charlemagne plowed, harrowed, and sowed the soil of barbaric Europe, making it receptive for the most superb of all secular ideals, that of nationality; Napoleon tore up the system of absolutism by the roots, propagated in the most distant lands of Europe the modern conception of individual rights, overthrew the rotten structure of the German-Roman empire, and in spite of himself regenerated the long-abused ideas of nationality and fatherland. It must be confessed that his own shallow political science, the second-hand Rousseauism he had learned from his desultory reading, had little to do with this, except negatively. One by one he saw his faiths made ridiculous by the violent phases of Jacobinism after it took control of the Revolutionary movement. His heart, his conscience, his intellect, all undisciplined, then revolted against the metaphysic which had misled him, and "ideologist" became his most contemptuous epithet. Controlled by instinct and ambition, he nevertheless remained throughout his period the one thorough idealist among the men of action, Goethe being the superlative, transcendent genius of idealism among the thinkers. Each successive day saw his scorn of physical limitations increase, his impatience of language, customs, laws, of local attachment, personal fidelity, and national patriotism grow. The result was a fixed conviction that for humanity at large all these were naught. At last he planted himself upon the burgher philosophy of utility and expediency, putting his faith in the loyalty of his family, in homely dependence upon matrimonial alliance, in the passion of humanity for physical ease and earthly well-being. This was the concert by which he sought to create a federation of beneficent kingdoms that would win all men to the prime mover. Space and time rebelled; the lofty ideals of humanity and philosophy would not down; selfishness proved impotent as a support; the dreamer recognized that again he had been deceived. Haggard and exhausted, he finally turned, in the role of Napoleon Liberator, to the notion of nationality and of government swayed by popular will in all its phases. But it was too late. Instead of being the leader of a van, he had forgotten, in his own phrase, to keep pace with the march of ideas, and was a straggler in the rear, without a moral status or a devoted following.

All this is true; but it is equally true that much of his work endured both in France and in the civilized world. In France, indeed, the work he did has been in some details only too enduring. History is there to tell us that the test of high civilization is not necessarily in great dimensions. Those histories of the ancient world in which humanity seems strange and distasteful, of Egypt, Phenicia, Babylon, and Assyria, were wide in extent and long in duration: those of Greece and Rome, whose poets, statesmen, legislators, and warriors are our despair, were small in proportion and comparatively short in duration, while they were normal and healthy; the world-empires of both were neither natural nor admirable. It will not do, therefore, to judge Napoleon by the length of his career, nor by the standards of other times and different circumstances. The centralization of administration in the commonwealth which he rescued from the clutches of anarchy was probably essential to the rescue; the expediency which he deliberately cultivated in the Concordat, in the laws of the family and inheritance, and in the fatal Continental System, was possibly a statesman's palliative for momentary political disease. His artificial aristocracy, his system of great fiefs, his financial shifts--who dares to say that these institutions did not meet a temporary want? Moreover, it is worth considering whether a direct reaction to moderate, sane republicanism from extreme and furious Jacobinism was possible at all, and whether a reaction from Napoleon's imperial democracy was not easier and the results more permanent. In other words, is it likely that the third French republic could have been the direct successor of the first? The question is certainly debatable. No pen can so delineate the sufferings of France under Napoleonic institutions as that of Taine has so ably and scathingly done; his wonderful etching powerfully exhibits painful truths. But who is to blame if a nation is hampered by its administration, by a centralization it no longer needs, by social regulations which it has outgrown, by political habits which do not suit the age? Not alone the man who inaugurated them, for ends partly selfish but also partly statesmanlike; the people who timidly endure are responsible for the doom which will certainly overtake any nation living in a social and political structure antiquated and unsuitable.

One thing at least the new France has done with magisterial style: she has introduced into her political machinery respect for political habit. The French government of to-day is distinctly an outgrowth of conditions, and not of theories. Its constitution has none of the fatal marks of completeness which her other republican constitutions have borne; on the contrary, there never was a period in modern times when to the outsider French institutions seemed as crescive as they do to-day. And they have abundant material on which to work. There are signs that the system of nations as armed camps, for which Napoleon set the example, is breaking by its own weight; modern armies are mostly national schools controlled by scientific inquisitiveness and permeated by a civic spirit; the pacific federal system of the great European powers sometimes seems feeble and rickety, but it is in existence. Alliances are now federations for peace; the Triple Alliance continues to be a federation for peace; so too the Sextuple Alliance, so energetic and persistent in its support of Turkey, has been a federation for peace. Perhaps the day is nearer than we think when the Hague tribunal shall develop a vigorous, practical working system of international understandings, without appeal to war. Then certainly, but long before, let us hope, France may anchor her liberties in a bill of rights, destroy judicial inquisition, begin to slacken the bonds of her prefectoral system, emancipate her universities and academies, regenerate public feeling as to the increase of population by modifying her laws of the family, and go on not only to populate her own fertile fields, but to make the magnificent colonies which she has acquired the future homes of countless children, a field for exerting her superfluous energy--in short, when she may slough off her now superfluous Napoleonic institutions.

It would be utterly unjust, however, to plead a justification of Napoleon solely by such a monumental fact as that he was in all likelihood the forerunner of modern France. Even when the country adopted him, his positive, direct influence for good was great. The Concordat whatever its faults, partly secured a free church and a free state, separating thus what God had never joined together in holy wedlock; his splendid codes--for no matter who pondered and shaped them, they were his in execution--have guaranteed the perpetuity of civil equality not only in France, but, as the sequel has shown, throughout great expanses of Europe; the questions of a nation's right to its chosen ruler and government, agitated in a new form during the Hundred Days, were those with which succeeding generations were concerned until they were answered in the affirmative. The difference between the France of 1802 and that of 1815 is on one side painful, but on another side it is remarkably significant. The former was transitional and chaotic; the latter had that amazing but completed social union, stronger than any ever known in history, which has saved the country in succeeding storm-periods. In it there was respect for persons, for contract, for property; the administration was unitary, homogeneous, and active; the finances, though not regulated, were restored to vigor; and the processes were inaugurated by which the great cities of France have become healthful and beautiful, while at the same time the internal improvements of the country have been systematized and rendered splendid in their efficiency. Revolutionary concepts were so modified and assimilated that the efforts of the dynasties, when put to the test of public opinion, failed because they were felt to be absurd by the masses. It was one of Napoleon's aphorisms that "to have the right of using nations, you must begin by serving them well." Like a good burgher, he made his servants comfortable and happy. His example, moreover, was reflected abroad throughout Europe; and to the millions of plain and not very shrewd inhabitants of other lands, the Revolution, as Napoleon had shaped it, lost many of the horrors with which Jacobinism, to the everlasting damnation of both the thing and its name, had clothed it. It is a question whether there was in existence a strong liberal France, such as idealists depict, that could pacifically have done this wonderful work. Examining and duly weighing the desperation of dynastic absolutism, it looks as if nothing but the counter-poison of Napoleon's militarism could have prevented its annihilating French liberalism. Without Napoleon the conservative liberalism of to-day would have been impossible.

Turning to the field of general history, there are certain facts, admittedly Napoleon's doing, which quite as certainly are among the most important factors of contemporary politics. Of themselves these would suffice to give him a high place in constructive history. In the first place, he deprived England of the monopoly in what had long been essentially and peculiarly her political ideal. What was the basis of the long conflict between England and France to which Napoleon fell heir? Was the struggle of these two glorious and enlightened sister nations a struggle for territorial ascendancy in Europe? Not entirely. Was it a life-and-death struggle for ascendancy in the western world? No. The Seven Years' War had decided that question against France, and the American war for independence had in a sense evened the score in its decision against England; for the prize had been awarded to a new people. No; the conflict did not rage over this. What, then, was the cause? Nothing less than a passion for the ascendancy of one of these highest forms of civilization throughout the globe, including both Europe and America. This Anglo-Saxon political, commercial, religious, and social conception was, after the Napoleonic wars, no longer confined to Great Britain. Thence onward the great powers of Europe have been chiefly concerned, aside from their care for self-preservation, in partitioning Africa and Asia among themselves; and this process is no sooner complete than they begin to murmur about the Monroe doctrine and to cast longing eyes toward Central and South America. The state system which was once European has become coextensive with the sphere on which we live, and this notion of world-domination, so denounced when held by Napoleon, has become the motive-power of every great modern civilization.

If we consider the national politics of Europe beyond the boundaries of France, history again becomes a record of influences started by Napoleon's works, either of commission or of omission. Russia's grandeur as a European power appears to be largely due to the temporary extinction of Poland's hope for national resurrection. Had Napoleon, instead of playing his doubtful game with the grand duchy of Warsaw, turned into an autonomous permanency the scarcely known provisional government of Poland, which he actually inaugurated and which worked for a considerable time, and had he restored to its sway both the Prussian and Austrian shares in the shameless partition, we might have seen quite another result to the military migration of 1812. We can scarcely doubt, moreover, that Poland, restored under French protection, would have been a buffer state between Russia, Prussia, and Austria, rendering the crushing coalition an impossibility in 1813, while in 1814 the allies could probably never have crossed the French frontier, if indeed they had dared to go even so far in their march across Europe. But his positive achievement was quite as important. The Germany of to-day is a great federal state guided, but not dominated, by Prussia. What are its other important members? Bavaria, Wuertemberg, and Baden--all three in their present extent and influence the creations of Napoleon; the nice balance of powers in the German Empire is due to his arrangement of the map. There is even a sense in which all Germany, as we know it, sprang full armed from his head. He not merely taught the peoples of central Europe their strategy, tactics, and military organization: it was he who carried the standard of enlightenment (in his own interest, of course, but still he carried it) through the length and breadth of their territories, and made its significance clear to the meanest intellect of their teeming millions. Thereafter the longings for German unity, for German fatherland, for the organization of German strength into one movement, could never be checked. The swarm of petty tyrants who had modeled their life and conduct on the example of Louis XIV, and who in struggling to vie with his villainies had debauched themselves and their peoples, was swept away by Napoleon's ruthlessness, to give place to the larger, more wholesome nationality of the nineteenth century, which was destined in the end to inspire the surrounding nations with the new concept of respect, not alone for one's own nationality, but for that of others.

What French influence effected in Italy is a topic so recondite as to require separate discussion; for the results were not so immediate or so dramatic as they were in Germany. But the destruction of petty governments was as ruthless as in the north; the ideas which marched in Bonaparte's ranks found at least a large minority of intelligent admirers among the invaded; and Italian unity, though won by a family he feared and abused, is in no doubtful sense indebted for its existence, not merely to Napoleon's age, but to the ideas he disseminated and to the efforts at a practical beginning which he made. As to Austria-Hungary, the new historical epoch which makes her essentially the empire of the lower Danube takes its rise from Napoleon's time and influence. The relaxation of her grasp on Italy has thrown her across the Adriatic for the territorial expansion essential to her position as a great power. It has been her mission to rescue by moral influence some of the fairest lands in the Balkan peninsula from waste and anarchy. Mere proximity is a powerful factor; the turbulence of Austrian local patriotism has been the seed of wholesome discontent among the Christian populations of Turkey, whose first awakening was largely due to the emissaries sent by Napoleon to fire the hearts of the oppressed and suffering subjects of that distracted land. Servia is one example of this; and in a sense the national awakening of Greece began with the hopes similarly aroused.

The astounding magic of his name in the United States is partly due to a quality of the American mind which makes its possessor the passionate and indiscriminating adorer of greatness in every form. The Americans are more French than the French in their admiration of power. But, after all, this is not the main reason for their interest in Napoleon. They are, dimly at least, aware of certain facts which have determined their history and made them an independent nation; though already stated and discussed, we may be pardoned for recapitulating them in this connection. Their first war for independence left them tributary to the mother-country both industrially and commercially. It was Napoleon who pitilessly, though slyly and indirectly, launched them into the second war with Great Britain, from which they emerged with some glory and some sense of defeat, but, after all, with the tremendous and permanent gain of absolute commercial independence. In the second place, their purchase of Louisiana, though understood by only a few at the moment, revolutionized their national system both inside and outside. That momentous step destroyed the literal interpretation of the constitution, hitherto enslaving a congeries of jarring little commonwealths in the bondage of verbalism, because, though manifestly beneficent and necessary, it could be justified before the law only by an appeal to the spirit and not to the letter. Thenceforward Americans have steadily been enlarging their constitutional law by interpretation, and the apparent timidity of amendment which they display is simply due to the absence of necessity for revision as long as expansion by interpretation continues. But certainly quite as important as this was also the displacement, by the acquisition of that vast territory, of what may be called the national center of gravity. Until then the aspirations of Americans had been toward Europe; the public opinion of the country had, until then, demanded the largest possible intercourse with that continent compatible with freedom from political entanglement. Thereafter there was a change in their spirit: a continent of their own was open to their energies. For two generations their history has been concerned with exploration, with mechanical invention, and with solving the great problem of how to prevent an extension of slavery corresponding to the extension of territory. But nevertheless, steadily and vigorously two correlated concepts were propagating themselves: neglect of Europe, in order to expand and assimilate their recent acquisition; industrial exclusiveness, for the sake of this great home market which immigration, settlement, and the formation of new commonwealths were creating, not at the front door, but in the rear of the states stretching along the Atlantic. This resulted in a temporary "about-face" of the nation; and it is only now, when the prize of material greatness and of territorial unity has been secured, that the people turn once more toward the rising sun, in order to get from older lands everything germane to its own civilization, and to assimilate these acquisitions, if possible, in realizing its own ideals of moral grandeur.

HISTORICAL SOURCES

In making this book I had access to the following original sources:

I. Unpublished Documents: _a_, The papers of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs during the years of Napoleon's life, including those of the "Fonds Napoleon." _b_, The unpublished correspondence of Napoleon kept in the French Ministry of War, including the "Volumes Rouges" and the "Dossier de l'Empereur." This is as voluminous at least as the published correspondence, but of personal and technical rather than political interest. I have also consulted the archives of the General Staff in the same building concerning many events connected with Napoleon's career. _c_, The papers of Napoleon's youth known as the Ashburnham papers, but now owned by the Italian government, and kept in the Laurentian Library at Florence. Since I used them they have been published by Masson and Biagi, but the editors have corrected the text to an extent which is in our day not considered scientific. _d_, The despatches of American diplomatists resident abroad during Napoleon's career. _e_, Certain papers from the Record Office in London relating to Napoleon's surrender and his life in St. Helena. _f_, Certain papers of Henri Beyle containing characterizations of Napoleon and contemporary anecdotes concerning him. These were translated by Jean de Mitty from a cipher manuscript in the public library at Grenoble. _g_, A considerable number of Napoleon's letters, kindly put at my disposal by various collectors.

II. Published Official Papers. Within the last few years original documents concerning the Napoleonic epoch have been printed very extensively. Nearly all the important books are based on archival research, and the respective authors generally print a certain number of despatches or reports in justification of their conclusions. The following collections are the most important: _a_, The Correspondence of Napoleon. _b_, Official Papers of the Helvetic Republic. _c_, Diplomatic Correspondence between Prussia and France, 1795-97. _d_, Lord Whitworth's despatches. _e_, Ducasse's Supplement to Napoleon's Correspondence. _f_, The Papers of Gentz and Schwarzenberg. _g_, The Papers of Metternich. _h_, Napoleon's Letters to Caulaincourt. _i_, Napoleon's Letters to King Joseph. _j_, The Letters of King Jerome, Queen Catharine, and King Frederick of Wuertemberg. _k_, The Papers of Castlereagh, Banks, Jackson, and other English statesmen of the time. _l_, Diplomatic Correspondence between Russia and France. _m_, The Archives of Count Woronzoff. _n_, Diplomatic Correspondence of the Sardinian ambassadors at St. Petersburg. _o_, Diplomatic Correspondence of the ministers of the republic and kingdom of Italy. _p_, Lecestre's Unpublished Letters of Napoleon. This list might be extended almost indefinitely by adding such collections as Ducasse's Memoirs of King Joseph, Napoleon's Letters to Josephine, the Correspondence of Eugene, etc., etc.; but these older books are too well known to require enumeration, and, though authentic, are only semi-official or personal publications.

III. Contemporary Memoirs. Those titles given in the bibliography are, with a few exceptions, the most valuable. The positive, literal truth of the so-called memoirs attributed to Bourrienne, Constant, Caulaincourt, Barras, Fouche, and Avrillon is very slender. They are all made by skilful patchwork and must be read with the utmost caution. In fact, it is doubtful whether, with the exception of Barras's scandalous record, they have, strictly speaking, any right to the names they bear. This much negative value they have: that they show how history can be falsified in one interest or another.

During the fourteen years which have elapsed since the book was completed for magazine publication, and the twelve since it was revised to the form of four volumes, great numbers of what were then manuscript journals, memoirs, or letters have been printed and published; of these proper use has been made in this edition, and their titles are given in the bibliography. The author may be pardoned for remarking that few details of importance have been found incorrect, wherever experts agree, and that his many critics have made no demand for the reconstruction of his characterization in its broad outlines, however opposed they may be to his portrayals or discussions.

This list of books makes no pretense to completeness. It is a conservative estimate that there are two hundred thousand titles of books relating to Napoleon and his age. What is here given is sufficient to assure the reader a complete view of Napoleon and his times from the best sources.

WM. M. SLOANE.

_New York, August 1, 1910._

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHIES

=Briere, G.=; =Caron, P.=; et =Maistre, H.= Repertoire Methodique de l'histoire moderne et contemporaine de la France. Paris, 1898 (one vol. yearly).

=Cambridge Modern History=. New York and London, 1906. Vol. IX, Napoleon.

=Catalogue de l'Histoire de France=. 15 v.

=Dahlmann, E. C.=, and =Waitz, G.= Quellenkunde der deutschen Geschichte.

=Fournier, A.=, ed. Bourne, E. G. New York, 1903.

=Gardiner, S. R.=, and =Mullinger, J. B.= Introduction to English History. London, 1894.

=Kircheisen, F.= Bibliography of Napoleon. Leipzig, 1902.

=Kircheisen, F.= Bibliographie du temps de Napoleon. Paris, Geneva, London, 1908.

=Lumbroso, A.= Saggio di una bibliografia ragionata per servire alla storia dell' epoca Napoleonica. Modena, 1894-96. Parts 1-5.

EUROPE

=Alison, Sir A.= History of Europe from the commencement of the French Revolution in 1789 to the Restoration of the Bourbons in 1815. London, 1841-42. 10 v. 8{o}.

=Bredow, G. G.= Chronik des XIXten Jahrhunderts. 2 v. Altona, 1801. Continued by C. Venturini. 20 v. Altona, 1809-28.

=Delbrueck, H.= Historische u. politische Aufsaetze. Berlin, 1887. 8{o}.

=Faguet, E.= Politiques et moralistes du 19e siecle. Paris, 1891. 12{o}.

=Froidevaux, H.= La politique coloniale de Napoleon Ier. In Revue des questions historiques, tom. 68, pp. 608-620. Paris, Ier avril, 1901.

=Heeren, A. H. L.= Handbuch der Geschichte des europaeischen Staatensystems und seiner Colonieen. Goettingen, 1819.

=Houssaye, H.= 1814. 7 ed. Paris, 1888. 16{o}.

=Houssaye, H.= 1815. Paris, 1899.

=Houssaye, H.= 1815. Waterloo et la Terreur Blanche. Paris, 1899.

=Lavisse, E.=, et =Rambaud, A.= Histoire generale du IVme siecle a nos jours. 12 v. Paris, 1893-1901. (Vol. IX, 1800-15. Bibliography.)

=Mahan, A. T.= Influence of Sea Power upon History. London, 1889. 8{o}.

=Mahan, A. T.= The Influence of Sea Power upon the French Revolution and Empire. 2 v. London, 1893.

=Montgaillard, J. G. M. Rocques de=. De la France et de l'Europe sous le gouvernement de Bonaparte. Paris et Lyon, an XII (1804).

=Plotho, C.= v. Der Krieg des Verbuendet. Europa gegen Frankreich im Jahre 1815. Berlin, 1818. 8{o}.

=Poelitz, K. H. L.= D. Europaeischen Verfassungen seit d. Jahre 1789 bis auf die neueste Zeit. Mit geschichtl. Einleit. u. Erlaeuter. 2te neu geordn., berichtigte u. ergaenzte Aufl. Leipzig, 1833. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Rambaud, A.=, et =Lavisse, E.= Histoire generale. v. Lavisse.

=Rocke, P.= Die Kontinentalsperre. Naumb., 1894. 8{o}.

=Schlegel, A. W.= Ueber d. Continentalsystem u. d. Einfluss desselben auf Schweden. Leipzig, 1814. 8{o}.

=Schulz, K. G.= Geschichte d. Kriege in Europa seit dem Jahre 1792. Berlin, 1827-53. 15 Baende in 23 Theilen.

=Sorel, A.= L'Europe et la Revolution francaise (1789-1815). 8 v. Paris, 1885-1904.

=Sorel, A.= Essais historiques et critiques. Paris, 1894.

TREATIES

=Angeberg, d'=. Le Congres de Vienne et les traites de 1815, precede et suivi des actes diplomatiques, avec intr. hist. par M. Capefigue. Paris, 1864. 2 v.

=Barral-Montferrat, Marquis de=. Dix ans de paix armee entre la France et l'Angleterre, 1783-1793. Ier v. Paris, 1893. 8{o}.

=Bowman, H. M.= Die englisch-franzoesische Friedensverhandlung (Dez., 1799, bis Jan., 1800). Leipzig, 1899.

=Garden, G. de=. Histoire generale des traites de paix et autres transactions principales entre les puissances de l'Europe depuis la paix de Westphalie. Paris, 1848-59. 14 v. 8{o}.

=Laperouse, A.= Le Congres de Chatillon. Chatillon-sur-Seine, 1865. 8{o}.

=Leclercq, A.= Recueil des traites de la France. Publ. sous les auspices du ministre des affaires etrangeres. Paris, 1864-72. 10 v. 8{o}.

=Martens, G. F. de=. Recueil des principaux traites d'alliance, de paix, de treve, etc., conclus par les puissances de l'Europe, tant entre elles qu'avec les puissances et etats dans d'autres parties du monde depuis 1761 jusqu'a present (1801). Paris, 1791-1801. 7 v. 8{o}. Suppl. to 1807. Paris, 1802-08. 2 ed. Paris, 1817-35. 8 v. 8{o}. (Continued by his nephew to the present time.)

=Pons, Andre, Comte de Rio=. Known as Pons de l'Herault. Le Congres de Chatillon. Paris, 1825. 8{o}.

=Weiss, J. B. von=. Weltgeschichte (vols. XIX-XXII, 1795-1815). Leipzig, 1896-98.

DIPLOMATIC HISTORY AND INTERNATIONAL LAW

Bailleu, P. Preussen und Frankreich von 1795 bis 1807: diplomatische Correspondenzen. Leipzig, 1881-87. 2 v. 8{o}. (Publ. a. d. K. preuss. Staatsarchiv. Bde. 8, 29.)

Bignon, L. P. Souvenirs d'un diplomate (La Pologne, 1811-13), precedes d'une notice hist. sur la vie de l'auteur par M. Mignet. Paris, 1864.

=Buchez, P. J. B.= Histoire parlementaire de la Revolution francaise. 2 ed., revisee et entierement remaniee par l'auteur, en collaboration avec MM. Jules Bastide, E. S. de Bois-le-Comte et Q. Ott. Paris, 1845-47. 6 v. 12{o}.

=Constant de Rebecque, H. B.= Cours de politique const.; ou, Coll. des ouvrages publ. sur le gouvernement representatif, avec une intr. et des notes par Ed. Laboulaye. Paris, 1861. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Du Casse, P. E. A.= Histoire des negociations diplomatiques relatives aux traites de Mortfontaine, de Luneville et d'Amiens. Paris, 1855. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Dufraisse, M.= Histoire du droit de guerre et de paix (1789-1815). Paris, 1867.

=Fournier, A.= Der Congress von Chatillon. Die Politik im Kriege von 1814. Eine historische Studie. 8{o}. Wien u. Prag, 1900. Tempsky.

=Fournier, A.= Gentz u. Cobenzl. Geschichte d. oesterreich. Diplomatie in den Jahre 1801-05. Nach neuen Quellen. Wien, 1880. 8{o}.

=Gardane, A. de=. Mission du Gen. Gardane en Perse sous le premier Empire. Documents historiques. Paris, 1865. 8{o}.

=Gardane, Comte G.= De histoire generale des traites de paix depuis la paix de Westphalie (to 1813). 14 v. Paris, 1849-59.

=Goldsmith, L.= Secret history of the cabinet of Bonaparte. London, 1810. 8{o}.

=Greppi=. Revelations diplomatiques sur les relations de la Sardaigne avec l'Autriche et la Russie. Paris, 1859. 8{o}.

=Kiesselbach, W. D.= Continentalsperre in ihrer Oekonomisch-Polit. Bedeutung. Ein Beitrag z. Handelsgeschichte. Stuttgart, 1850. 8{o}.

=Kleist, Heinr. v.= Politische Schriften und andere Nachtraege zu seinen Werken. Mit einer Einleitung zum ersten Male herausg. von R. Kopke. Berlin, 1862. 8{o}.

=Klinkowstroem, Clem. v.= Aus d. alten Registratur d. Staatskanzlei. Briefe Polit. Inhalts von u. an Frdr. v. Gentz aus den Jahren 1799-1827. Wien, 1870. 8{o}.

=Lefebvre, A.= Histoire des cabinets de l'Europe pendant le consulat et l'Empire. Paris, 1866-69.

=Leouzon-le-Duc, L. A.=, Ed. Correspondance diplomatique du baron de Stael Holstein et de son successeur le baron Brinkman: documents ined. sur la Revolution (1783-99), recueillis aux archives royales de Suede et publies avec une introduction par L. Leouzon-le-Duc. Paris, 1881. 8{o}.

=Maistre, J. de=. Correspondance diplomatique, 1811-17. Ed. par A. Blanc. Paris, 1860. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Masson, F.= Le departement des affaires etrangeres pendant la Revolution (1787-1804). Paris, 1877.

=Montgaillard, J. G. M. Roques=, known as Comte de. Memoires diplomatiques 1805-1819, extraits du ministere de l'interieur et publies, avec une introduction et des notes, par Clement de Lacroise. Paris, 1896. 8{o}.

=Napoleon I.= Collection generale et complete de lettres, proclamations, discours, redigee d'apres le Moniteur, classee suivant l'ordre du temps 1796-1807, accompagnee de notes historiques, publiee par C. A. Fischer. Leipzig, 1808-13. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Pingaud, L.= Un agent secret sous la Revolution et l'Empire: le comte d'Antraigues. Paris, 1893. 8{o}.

=Pozzo di Borgo, Comte=. Correspondance diplomatique du C{te} Pozzo di Borgo et du C{te} de Nesselrode depuis la Restauration.

=Pradt, D. D. de=. Histoire de l'ambassade dans le grand duche de Varsovie en 1812. 5 ed. rev. et corr. Paris, 1815. 8{o}.

=Stewarton=. Secret history of the court and cabinet of St. Cloud. In a series of letters. Anon. 4th American ed. New York, 1807. 12{o}.

=Tratchefski, A.= Relations diplomatiques de la Russie avec la France a l'epoque de Napoleon I. Saint-Petersbourg, 1890-93. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Ulmann, H.= Russisch-preussische Politik unter Alexander I und Friedrich Wilhelm III bis 1806, urkundlich dargestellt. 8{o}. Leipzig, 1899. Duncker.

=Vandal, A.= Negociations avec la Russie relatives au second mariage de Napoleon. In Revue historique, tom. 44, pp. 1-42. Paris, 1900.

MILITARY HISTORY

=Aster, K. H.= D. Kriegsereignisse zwischen Peterswalde, Pirna, Koenigstein u. Priesten im Aug., 1813, u. die Schlacht bei Kulm. Dresden, 1845. 8{o}.

=Aster, K. H.= Gefechte u. Schlachten bei Leipzig im October, 1813. 2 Ausg. Dresden, 1852-53. 2 Bde. 8{o}.

=Aster, K. H.= Schilderung d. Kriegsereignisse in und vor Dresden, vom 7 Maerz bis 28 August, 1813. 2 Ausg. Leipzig, 1856. 8{o}.

=Barral, Georges=. L'epopee de Waterloo: narration nouvelle des cent jours et de la campagne de Belgique en 1815. Paris, 1895. 8{o}.

=Beauchamp, A. de=. Histoire des campagnes de 1814-15. Paris, 1815-17. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Beauharnais, le Prince Eugene de=. Memoires et correspondance politique et militaire. Publ., annotes et mis en ordre par A. du Casse. Paris, 1858-60. 10 v. 8{o}.

=Beitraege= zur Geschichte d. Krieges von 1806-07, oder Bemerk. Berichtigungen u. Zusaetze zu d. in Theile des Werkes: Geschichte d. Kriege in Europa seit d. Jahre 1792 als Folgen d. Staatsveraenderung in Frankreich unter Ludwig XVI, etc. Berlin, 1834. Breslau, 1836.

=Beitraege= zur Geschichte d. Krieges vom Jahre 1806 u. 1807, oder Bemerk. Berichtigungen u. Zusaetze zu d. in Theile des Werkes, etc. Breslau, 1836. (Contains the memoirs of Oginski, Eugen's von Wuertemberg, and Bennigsen.)

=Beitraege= zur Geschichte d. Franzoes.-russ. Feldzuegs im Jahre 1812. Breslau, 1814. 8{o}.

=Beitraege= zur Geschichte d. Feldzuege 1814-15 in Frankreich, in besond. Beziehung auf d. Commando d. Kronprinzen v. Wuertemberg, herausg. v. d. Offizieren d. Wuertemb. Gen. Quart. Staabs. Stuttgart, 1818. 3 Hefte, mit 12 Plaenen.

=Beitraege= zur Geschichte d. Feldzuege v. 1813-14, von e. Offizier d. alliirten Armee. Berlin, 1815. 8{o}.

=Bernays, Guillaume=. Schicksale d. Grossherzogth. Frankfurt u. seiner Truppen. Eine kulturhistor. u. militaer. Studie aus der Zeit d. Rheinbundes. Berlin, 1882. 8{o}.

=Berthezene, P.= Souvenirs militaires de la Republique et de l'Empire [1798-1815]; publ. par son fils. Paris, 1855. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Bertin, G.= La campagne de 1814, d'apres des temoins oculaires. 8{o}. Paris, 1897. Flammarion.

=Bertrand, E.= Les marins de la garde (1803-1815). 8{o}. Paris, 1895. Baudin.

=Bleibtreu, K.= Geschichte und Geist der europaeischen Kriege unter Friedrich dem Grossen und Napoleon. Leipzig, 1893.

=Borcke, J. v.= Kriegerleben. 1806-15. Nach dessen Aufzeichng. bearb. von Leszczynski. Berlin, 1888. 8{o}.

=Bourgeois, R.= Relation fidele et detaillee de la derniere campagne de Bonaparte terminee par la bataille de Mont Saint-Jean, dite de Waterloo ou de la Belle Alliance, par un temoin oculaire. Paris, 1815. 8{o}.

=Bourgoing, P. de=. Itineraire de Napoleon I de Smorgoni a Paris, episode de la guerre de 1812. Premier extrait des mem. militaires et politiques inedits. Paris, 1862.

=Bustelli, G.= L'Enigma di Ligny e di Waterloo (15-18 giugno, 1815) studiato e sciolto. 3 v. 8{o}. Viterbo, 1897. Agnesotti.

=Buturlin=. Hist. militaire de la campagne de Russie en 1812. Paris, 1824. 2 v. 8{o}. Atlas 4{o}.

=Chabot-Arnault=. Histoire des flottes militaires. Paris, 1889. 8{o}.

=Charras, J. B. A.= Histoire de la campagne de 1815. Waterloo. Avec un atlas. 6 ed. Paris, 1869. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Chesney, C. C.= Etude de la campagne de 1815: Waterloo. Bruxelles, 1870. 8{o}.

=Chesney, C. C.= Waterloo lectures. 2 ed. London, 1869. 8{o}.

=Chevalier, Ed.= Histoire de la marine francaise sous le Consulat et l'Empire. Paris, 1886. 8{o}.

=Clausewitz, C.= v. Hinterlassene Werke ue. Krieg u. Kriegfuehrung. Berlin, 1862-89. 10 v. 8{o}.

=Colin, J.= Etudes sur la campagne de 1796-97 en Italie. 8{o}. Av. carte et croquis. Paris, 1897. Baudoin.

=Colomb, E.= v. Bluecher in Briefen aus den Feldzuegen 1813-15. Stuttgart, 1876. 8{o}.

=Corte=. Battaglie di S. Michele e Mondovi. Torino, 1846.

=Damitz, K. von=. Geschichte des Feldzugs von 1815 in den Niederlanden u. Frankreich. Berlin, 1837-38. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Danielson, J. R.= Finska kriget och Finlands krigare (1808-1809). Stockholm, 1898. Wahlstrom.

=Danilewsky, M.= Darstellung d. Feldzuges in Frankreich im Jahre 1814. In's deutsche uebertr. v. C. v. Kotzebue. Riga, 1837-38. 2 Bde.

=Danilewsky, M.= Geschichte des Krieges im Jahre 1812. Mit 33 Plaenen. Riga, 1840. 8{o}.

=Danilewsky, M.= Geschichte des Vaterland. Krieges im Jahre 1812, auf Allerhoechsten befehl des Kaisers von Russland verfasst. Aus d. Russ. uebersetzt von C. R. Goldhammer. Riga, 1840. 4 Thle.

=Danilewsky, M.= Relation de la campagne de 1805 (Austerlitz). Tr. du russe par le gen. L. Narischkine. Paris, 1846. 8{o}. 1 carte et 1 plan.

=Davout, L.=, Prince d'Eckmuehl. Operations du 3e corps, 1806-07. Rapport publie par son neveu le general Davout, duc d'Auerstaedt. Paris, 1896. 8{o}.

=Dechent=. Beitraege z. Gesch. des Feldzuges von 1806, nach Quellen des Archivs Marburg. Berlin, 1887. 8{o}.

=De Cugnac=. Campagnes de l'armee de reserve en 1800. Tom. I: Passage du grand Saint-Bernard. Tom. II: Marengo. Av. 21 cartes et croquis. Paris, 1900-01. Chapelot.

=Delauney=. Napoleon et la defense des cotes. Extrait du "Memorial de l'artillerie de la marine." Paris, 1895. 8{o}.

=Denniee=, Baron. Itineraire de l'Empereur Napoleon pendant la campagne de 1812. Paris, 1842. 8{o}.

=Desbriere, E.= 1793-1805. Projets et tentatives de debarquement aux iles britanniques. Av. 60 cartes et croquis. 3 v. 8{o}. Paris, 1901-02. Chapelot.

=Ditfurth, M.= D. Schlacht bei Borodino am 7 Sept., 1812. Mit besond. Ruecksicht auf die Theilnahme d. deutschen Reitercontingente. Marburg, 1887.

=Doisy de Villargennes, A. J.= Reminiscences of Army Life under Napoleon Bonaparte. Cin., 1884. 12{o}.

=Doerr, J. D.= Schlacht von Hanau am 30 Oktbr., 1813. Cassel, 1851. 8{o}.

=Doublet, P. J. L. O.= Memoires historiques sur l'invasion et l'occupation de Malte par une armee francaise en 1798. Publ. pour la premiere fois par le comte de Panisse-Passis. Paris, 1883. 12{o}.

=Dumas, M.= Precis des evenements militaires; ou, Essai historique sur les campagnes de 1799 a 1814. Paris, 1816-26. 19 v. 8{o}.

=Durdent, R. J.= Campagne de Moscou en 1812. Paris, 1814. 8{o}.

=Duruy, A.= Etudes d'histoire militaire sur la Revolution et l'Empire. Paris, 1888. 8{o}. (First chapter is La conspiration du Gen. Malet.)

=Du Teil, B{on} J.= Napoleon Bonaparte et les generaux du Teil (1788-94). L'Ecole d'artillerie d'Auxonne et le siege de Toulon. Une famille militaire au XVIIIe siecle.

=Eniden, F.= Erinnerungen eines oesterreichischen Ordonnanzoffiziers aus dem Feldzuge 1812. 8{o}. Wien, 1898. Seidel.

=Fabvier, C. N.= Journal des operations du sixieme corps pendant la campagne de 1814 en France. Paris, 1819. 8{o}.

=Fezensac, R. E. P. J. de Montesquiou, duc de=. Souvenirs militaires de 1804 a 1814. 4 ed. Paris, 1870. 12{o}.

=Foucart, P.= Bautzen (une bataille de 2 jours), 20-21 mai, 1813. Paris, 1897. 8{o}.

=Foucart, P.= Campagne de Prusse (1806), d'apres les archives de la guerre: Jena. Paris, 1887. 8{o}.

=Franzoesische= Armee im Jahre 1813, ein Beitrag zur Geschichte d. Befreiungs Kriege. Berlin, 1889. 8{o}.

=Friant Comte=. Vie militaire du lieutenant-general comte Friant. Paris, 1857. 8{o}.

=Gachot, E.= Histoire militaire de Massena. Paris, 1901.

=Gamot=. Refutation en ce qui concerne le M{al} Ney de l'ouvrage ayant pour titre "Campagne de 1815 ... par le G{al} Gourgaud." Paris, 1818. 8{o}.

=Gardner, D.= Quatre-Bras, Ligny, Waterloo: Narrative of the campaign in Belgium, 1815. London, 1882. 8{o}.

=Gerard, E. M., Comte=. Quelques documents sur la bataille de Waterloo, propres a eclairer la question portee devant le public par M. le Marquis de Grouchy. Paris, 1829. 8{o}.

=Giraud, P. F. F. J.= Campagne de Paris en 1814, precedee d'un coup d'oeil sur celle de 1813; ou, Precis historique et impartial des evenements depuis l'invasion de la France par les armees etrangeres jusqu'a la capitulation de Paris, la decheance et l'abdication de Buonaparte inclusivement. Paris, 1814. 8{o}.

=Gleig, G. R.= Story of the battle of Waterloo. New York, 1847.

=Gouvion Saint-Cyr, L., Marquis de=. Memoires pour servir a l'histoire militaire sous le Directoire, le Consulat et l'Empire, 1798-1813. Paris, 1831. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Grenier, P.= Etude sur 1807 Manoeuvres d'Eylau et Friedland. Av. croquis. Paris, 1901. 8{o}.

=Grouchy, Gen.= Observations sur la relation de la campagne de 1815, pub. par le Gen. Gourgaud; et refutation de quelques-unes des assertions d'autres ecrits relatifs a la bataille de Waterloo. Paris, 1819. 8{o}.

=Grouchy, Marquis de=. Memoires du M{al} de Grouchy. Paris, 1873-74. 5 v. 8{o}.

=Guillaume, F., dit Guillaume de Vaudoncourt=. Histoire des campagnes de 1814 et 1815 en France. Paris, 1826. 5 v. 8{o}.

=Guillon, E.= Les complots militaires sous le consulat et l'empire, d'apres les documents inedits des archives. 12{o}. Paris, 1894. Plon.

=Guillon, E.= Nos ecrivains militaires. Etudes de litterature et d'histoire militaire. 2e ser. Depuis la Revolution jusqu'a nos jours. 12{o}. Paris. Plon.

=Hamilton, Captain Thomas=. Annals of the Peninsular campaigns from 1808 to 1816. Edinburgh, 1829. 3 v. 18{o}.

=Helfert=. D. Schlacht bei Kulm, 1813. Wien, 1863. Gr. 8{o}.

=Helldorff=. Zur Geschichte d. Schlacht bei Kulm. Aufklaerung verschiedener bis jetzt unrichtig darg. Thatsachen ueber die Tage vom 25-30 August, 1813. Berlin, 1856. 8{o}.

=Heymes=. Relation de la campagne de 1815, dite de Waterloo, pour servir a l'histoire du Marechal Ney. Paris, no date. 8{o}.

=Histoire= des societes secretes de l'armee et des conspirations militaires qui ont eu pour objet la destruction du gouvernement de Bonaparte. Paris, 1815. [Anon.]

=Hofmann, G. W. v.= Die Schlacht bei Borodino mit einer Uebersicht des Feldzugs von 1812. Koblenz, 1846. 8{o}.

=Hooper, G.= Waterloo, the downfall of the first Napoleon. London, 1890. 16{o}.

=Hoepfner, Ed. v.= D. Krieg von 1806 u. 1807. Beitraege zur Geschichte d. preuss. Armee nach d. Quellen d. Kriegs-Archivs bearb. Berlin, 1850-51. 4 v. 8{o}. Mit Schlacht u. Gefechts Plaenen u. Beilagen.

=Houssaye, H.= 1815. Waterloo. 8{o}. Paris, 1898. Perrin. Trad. en allem. par A. Ostermeyer. 8{o}. London, 1900. Grant Richards.

=Jomini, H. de=. Portable atlas of the fields of Waterloo and Ligny. Brussels, 1851. 8{o}.

=Jomini, H. de=. Histoire crit. et militaire des guerres de la Revolution, 1792-1803. Nouv. ed. Paris, 1820-24. 15 v. 8{o} and atlas fol.

=Jomini, H. de=. Precis politique et militaire des campagnes de 1812 a 1814, extr. des souvenirs ined., avec une notice biog. et des cartes, plans et legendes, publ. F. Lecomte. Lausanne, 1886. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Jomini, H. de=. Precis politique et militaire de la campagne de 1815, pour servir de supplement et de rectification a la vie politique et militaire de Napoleon, racontee par lui-meme. Paris, 1839. 8{o}.

=Jurien de la Graviere, J. B. E.= Guerres maritimes sous la Republique et l'Empire, avec les plans des batailles navales ... et une carte du Sund ... 3e ed. Paris, no date. 2 v. 12{o}.

=Koch, J. B. F.= Memoires pour servir a l'histoire de la campagne de 1814. Paris, 1819. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Krebs, L.=, et =Morris, H.= Campagnes dans les Alpes pendant la Revolution, d'apres les archives des etats-majors francais et austro-sarde (1794-1796). 8{o}. Av. 2 cartes et 7 croquis. Paris, 1895. Plon.

=Lacroix, D.= Les marechaux de Napoleon. 12{o}. Av. grav. Paris, 1896. Garnier.

=Larrey, D. J.= Memoires de chirurgie militaire et campagnes. (In his Mem. de med. et de chirur. militaire. 4 v. 8{o}. Paris, 1813-18.)

=La Tour d'Auvergne, E. de=. Waterloo. Etude de la campagne de 1815. Avec cartes et plans. Paris, 1870. 8{o}.

=Lecene, P.= Les marins francais, 1793-1815. Nouv. ed. Paris, 1885. 8{o}.

=Legler, Th.= Denkwuerdigkeiten a. d. russischen Feldzuge vom Jahr 1812. Jahrb. des hist. Vereins des Kantons Glarus, 1868.

=Leissnig, W. S.= Maersche u. Kriegsereignisse, Terrain Bemerkungen, u. s. w., eines Koenigl. Saechs. Dragoner Offiziers bei d. franzoes. Armee auf dem Zuge nach Moskau im Jahre 1812. I. Th. Marsch aus Lausitz, durch Polen, Preussen, Litthauen bis Moskau. Leipzig, 1828. 8{o}.

=Lewal=. La veillee d'Jena. Etude de strategie de combat. 8{o}. Paris, 1899. Chapelot.

=Leydolph, E=. Die Schlacht bei Jena. Mit 2 Karten. 2 Aufl. 8{o}. Jena, 1901. Braeunlich.

=Loben-Sels, E. von=. Precis de la campagne de 1815 dans les Pays-Bas. La Haye, 1849. 8{o}.

=Loir, M.= Gloires et souvenirs maritimes d'apres les memoires et les recits de Baudin, Bonaparte, de l'admiral P. Bouvet, du vice-admiral Courbet, etc. 4{o}. Avec plans. Paris, 1900. Hachette.

=Loir, M.= Brueys a Aboukir (1er aout, 1798). 8{o}. Paris, 1900. Chapelot. Extrait de la "Revue militaire."

=Loir, M.= Etudes d'histoire maritime (Revolution; Empire; Restauration). 16{o}. Paris, 1901. Berger-Levrault.

=Loir, M.= Gloires et souvenirs maritimes. Paris, 1895. 4{o}.

=Lossau, v.= Charakteristik der Kriege Napoleons. (Mit Plaenen u. Karten.) Karlsruhe, 1843-47. 3 v. 8{o}. Atlas fol.

=Lumbroso, B{on} A.= La campagne de Murat en 1815. Precis militaire et politique de la campagne de J. Murat en Italie contre les Autrichiens. 8{o}. Paris, 1899.

=Maag, A.= Die Schicksale der Schweizer-Regimenter in Napoleons I Feldzug nach Russland, 1812. 8{o}. Biel, 1890. Kuhn. 3 Aufl. 8{o}. Biel, 1900. Kuhn.

=Malachowski, v.= Ueb. die Entwickelung der Leitenden Gedanken zur ersten Campagne Bonapartes. Ein Vortrag. Berlin, 1884.

=Malo, C.= Champs de bataille de l'armee francaise (Belgique, Allemagne, Italie) (Genappe, Fleurus, Ligny, Steinkerque, Neerwinden, Malplaquet, Waterloo, Jena, Auerstaedt, Eylau, Friedland, Luetzen, Dresde, Leipzig, etc.). Avec illustr. 4{o}. Paris, 1901. Hachette.

=Martinien, A.= Liste des officiers generaux tues ou blesses sous le premier Empire. Paris, 1895. 8{o}.

=Masson, F.= Cavaliers de Napoleon. Paris, 1895. Fol.

=Menge, A.= Die Schlacht von Aspern am 21 und 22 Mai, 1809. Eine Erlaeuterung der Kriegsfuehrung Napoleons I und des Erzherzogs Carl von Oesterreich. 8{o}. Berlin, 1900. Stilke.

=Miller, M. v.= Darstellung d. Feldzugs d. Franzoes. verbuendeten Armee gegen d. Russ. im Jahre 1812, mit besond. Ruecksicht auf d. Theilnahme d. K. Wuertembergischen Truppen. Stuttgart, 1823. 2 Thle. 4{o}.

=Morris, W. O'C.= Napoleon, warrior and ruler, and the military supremacy of revolutionary France. New York, 1893. 8{o}.

=Mudford, W.= Historical account of the battle of Waterloo. London, 1817. 4{o}.

=Mueffling, A. G. v.= (genannt Weiss). Strategie napoleonienne. La campagne d'automne de 1813 et les lignes interieures. 8{o}. Paris, 1897. Baudoin.

=Mueffling, C. v.= Geschichte d. Feldzuges d. Armee unter Wellington u. Bluecher im Jahre 1815. Nebst d. Plaenen d. Schlachten von Ligny, Quatre-Bras u. Belle-Alliance. Stuttgart, 1817. 8{o}.

=Mueffling, D.= Operationsplan der Preussisch-saechsischen Armee. 1806. Schlacht von Auerstaedt, Rueckzug bis Luebeck. Weimar, 1807. 8{o}.

=Mueffling, C. v.= Histoire de la campagne de l'armee anglaise et de l'armee prussienne en 1815. Stuttgart, 1817. 8{o}.

=Mueller, P.= L'Espionnage militaire sous Napoleon Ier. C. Schulmeister. 12{o}. Paris, 1896. Berger-Levrault.

=Napier, Sir Wm.= History of the War in the Peninsula and the South of France, 1807-14. London, 1828.

=Napoleon I.= Correspondance avec le ministre de la marine depuis 1804 jusqu'en avril, 1815. Extrait d'un portefeuille de Ste Helene. Paris, 1837. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Ney, M. L. F., duc d'Elchingen=. Documents inedits sur la campagne de 1815. Paris, 1840. 8{o}. See also Dumoulin.

=Noesfelt, F. A.=, und =Loebell, J. W.= Kriegsgeschichten aus d. Jahren 1812 u. 13, oder Darstellungen a. d. Feldzuegen d. Franzosen u. verbuendeten Truppen, u. s. w. mit dem Plan d. Schlacht bei Leipzig. Breslau, 1814-16. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Oman=. History of the Peninsular War. London, 1903. 3 v.

=Oncken, W.= D. Zeitalter d. Revolution d. Kaiserreiches u. d. Befreiungskriege. Berlin, 1884-86. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Pascallet, E.= Notice biog. sur M. le marechal marquis de Grouchy, pair de France, avec des eclaircissements et des details hist. sur la campagne de 1815 ... et sur la bataille de Waterloo. 2 ed. Paris, 1842. 8{o}.

=Pelet, J. J. G.= Reponse aux observations du Gen. Mueffling sur la campagne de 1813. (Extrait du "Spectateur militaire.") = Pelet, J. J. G., Baron=. Des principales operations de la campagne de 1813. Paris, 1826. 8{o}. (Extrait du "Spectateur militaire.")

=Pelet, J. J. G.= Tableau de la grande armee en sept. et oct., 1813. (Extrait du "Spectateur militaire.")

=Pelleport, le gen. vicomte Pierre de=. Souvenirs militaires et intimes de 1793 a 1853. Publ. par son fils sur manuscrits originaux, lettres, notes et documents officiels laisses par l'auteur. Bordeaux, 1857. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Petzel=. Die Operationen Napoleons von La Rothiere bis Bar-sur-Aube vom 1-25 Febr., 1814. 8{o}. Berlin, 1900. Mittler.

=Pfalz, A.= Die Marchfeldschlachten von Aspern und Deutsch-Wagram im Jahre 1809. 2 Aufl. Kornenburg, 1900. Kuehkopf.

=Pfister, A.= Aus dem Lager der Verbuendeten, 1814 und 1815. Stuttgart und Leipzig, 1897. Deutsche Verlagsanstalt.

=Picard, C.= La cavalerie dans les guerres de la Revolution et de l'Empire. 2 v. 8{o}. Saumur, 1895-96. Milon.

=Pieces= diverses relatives aux operations militaires et politiques du general Bonaparte. Paris, an VIII. 8{o}.

=Pion des Loches, A. A. F.= Mes campagnes (1792-1815). Notes et correspondance, mises en ordre et publiees par M. Chipon et L. Pingaud. Paris, 1889. 8{o}.

=Plotho, C. v.= Tagebuch waehrend d. Krieges zwisch. Russland u. Preussen in d. Jahren 1806 u. 7. Mit 2 Plaenen. Berlin, 1811. 8{o}.

=Poenitz, C. E.= Militaerische Briefe eines Verstorbenen, an seine noch lebenden Freunde; historischen, wissenschaftlichen, kritischen u. humoristischen Inhalts. Zur unterhaltenden Belehrung f. Eingeweihte und Laien im Kriegswesen. Adorf, 1841-45. 5 v. 8{o}.

=Porter, Sir R. Ker.= Hist. de la campagne de Russie pendant l'annee 1812, contenant des details puises dans des sources officielles ou provenant de recits francais interceptes et inconnus jusqu'a ce jour, traduit de l'anglais sur la 6e ed. M.... avec des notes. Paris, 1817. 8{o}.

=Poyen, H. de=. Les guerres des Antilles de 1793 a 1815. 8{o}. Av. cartes. Paris, 1896. Berger-Levrault. Extr. du Memorial de l'artillerie de la marine.

=Quinet, E.= Histoire de la campagne de 1815. Paris, 1862. 8{o}.

=Radetzky, Graf=. Denkschriften militaerisch-politischen Inhalts aus d. handschriftlichen Nachlass. Stuttgart, 1858.

=Roloff, G.= Politik und Kriegfuehrung waehrend des Feldzuges von 1814. 8{o}. Berlin, 1891. Mayer.

=Ropes, J. C.= Campaign of Waterloo. A Military History. 2d ed., with atlas. New York, 1893. 8{o}. Atlas fol.

=Ropes, J. C.= First Napoleon. A sketch political and military. Boston, 1895. 8{o}.

=Roth v. Schreckenstein=. D. Kavallerie in d. Schlacht an der Moskwa (von d. Russen Schlacht bei Borodino genannt) am 7 Sept., 1812. Nebst einigen ausfuehrlichen Nachrichten u. d. Leistungen des 4 Kavallerie-corps unter d. Anfuehrung d. Gen. Latour-Maubourg. Muenster, 1858. 8{o}.

=Roussel=. Les maitres de la guerre. Frederic II, Napoleon, Moltke. Essai critique, d'apres des travaux inedits du G{al} Bonnal. 18{o}. Paris, 1899. Montgredien.

=Rousset, C.= La grande armee de 1813. Paris, 1871. 8{o}.

=Rousset, C.= Les volontaires, 1791-94. Paris, 1870. 8{o}.

=Ruehle v. Lilienstern, J. J. v.= Reise eines Malers mit der Armee im Jahre 1809. Rudolstadt, 1809-11. 3 v.

=Ruehle v. Lilienstern, Th. Jak.= Bericht von Augenzeugen v. d. Feldzug im Oct., 1806. 2 Thle. Tuebingen, 1809.

=Ruehle v. Lilienstern, Th. Jak.= Pallas: e. Zeitschr. f. Staats. u. Kriegskunst. Jahrg. 1808-10. 12 Hefte. (Battle of Wagram.)

=Ruestow, W.= D. Krieg von 1805 in Deutschland u. Italien. Als Anleitung zu kriegshistorischen Studien bearb. Fraunfeld, 1853. 8{o}.

=Sargent, H. H.= Campaign of Marengo, with comments. 8{o}. London, 1897. Paul.

=Sargent, H. H.= Napoleon Bonaparte's first campaign, with comments. 8{o}. London, 1895. Paul.

=Saski=. Campagne de 1809 en Allemagne et en Autriche. 2 v. 8{o}. Paris, 1899, 1900. Berger-Levrault.

=Sauzey=. Iconographie du costume militaire de la Revolution et de 'Empire, contenant de courtes notices historiques sur plus de deux cent corps de troupes, et huit mille references a plus de cinq mille planches d'uniformes colories. Av. preface par H. Bouchot. 16{o}. Paris, 1901. Dubois.

=Schleiffer, A. D.= Schlacht bei Hohenlinden am 3 Dezbr., 1800, u. d. vorausgegangenen Heeresbewegungen. Nach d. besten Quellen bearb. Mit e. Legende u. color. Karte. Rathenow, 1885. 8{o}.

=Segur, P. P. de=. Histoire de Napoleon et de la grande armee pendant l'annee 1812. 16e ed. Paris, 1852. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Serurier, Baron=. Memoires militaires, mis en ordre et rediges par son ami M. le Miere de Corvey. Avec une introduction de J. Turquan. Paris, 1894. 18{o}.

=Siborne, W.= History of the War in France and Belgium in 1815. 3d ed. London, 1848. 8{o}. Atlas fol.

=Smekal, G.= Die Schlacht bei Aspern und Esslingen, 21 und 22 Mai, 1809. 8{o}. Wien, 1899. Seidel.

=Soltyk, Comte R.= Napoleon en 1812. Mem. hist. et militaires sur la campagne de Russie. Paris, 1836. 8{o}.

=Souvenirs militaires=. Napoleon a Waterloo, ou precis rectifie de la campagne de 1815, avec des documents nouveaux et des pieces inedites, par un ancien officier de la garde imperiale qui est reste pres de Napoleon pendant toute la campagne. Paris, 1866. 8{o}.

=Stewart, C. W. V.= Histoire de la guerre de 1813 et 1814 en Allemagne et en France. Paris, 1833. 8{o}.

=Stuhr, P. F.= D. drei letzten Feldzuege gegen Napoleon, Krit. historisch dargestellt. Lemgo, 1832. 8{o}.

=Tondu-Nangis= pere. La bataille de Montereau (18 fevr., 1814). Av. notes, etc. 16{o}. Montereau, 1900. Zanote.

=Treuenfeld, v.= D. Tage von Ligny u. Belle-Alliance. Hann., 1880. 8{o}.

=Wedel, C. A. W., Graf von=. Geschichte eines offiziers im Kriege gegen Russland, 1812, etc. Berlin, 1897. Asher.

NAPOLEON

_a._ MEMOIRS

=Abell, Mrs. L. E. B.= Recollections of the Emperor Napoleon on the Island of St. Helena. 3d ed., rev. by her daughter, Mrs. C. Johnston. London, 1873. 12{o}.

=Allonville, Comte d'=. Memoires secrets de 1770 a 1830. Paris, 1838-45. 6 v. 8{o}.

=Anglemont, E. d'=. Le Duc d'Enghien, histoire-drame. Paris, 1832. 8{o}.

=Arnault, A. V.= Souvenirs d'un sexagenaire. Paris, 1833. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Audiffret-Pasquier, E. D., Duc d'=. Histoire de mon temps: Memoires publ. par le Duc d'Audiffret-Pasquier. 5 ed. Paris, 1894. 6 v. 8{o}.

=Audiffret-Pasquier, E. D., Duc d'=. History of my time: Memoirs, ed. by the Duc d'Audiffret-Pasquier, tr. by C. E. Roche. The Revolution, the Consulate, the Empire. New York, 1893-94. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Avrillon, Mme.= Memoires sur la vie privee de l'Imp. Josephine, sa famille, et sa cour. Paris, 1833. 2 v. 12{o}.

=Barante, A. G. P. Brugiere de=. Etudes historiques et biographiques. Nouv. ed. Paris, 1858. 2 v. 18{o}.

=Barante, A. G. P. Brugiere de=. Souvenirs, 1782-1866. Publ. par son petit-fils C. de Barante. Paris, 1890-95. 5 v. 8{o}.

=Barbe-Marbois, F. de=. Journal d'un deporte non juge; ou, Deportation, en violation des lois, decretee le 18 fructidor an V. (4 Sept., 1797). Paris, 1834. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Barras, P. F. J. N., Comte de=. Memoires. Pub. avec une introduction generale, des prefaces et des appendices par G. Duruy. Paris, 1895. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Baudouin, A.= Anecdotes historiques du temps de la Restauration, suivies de recherches sur l'origine de la presse, son developpement, son influence sur les esprits, ses rapports avec l'opinion publique, les mesures restrictives apportees a son exercise. Paris, 1853. 12{o}.

=Bausset, L. F. J. de=. Memoires anecdotiques sur l'interieur du palais. 1805-14. 2 ed. Paris, 1827. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Belliard, A. D.= Memoires (1792-1831), recueillis et mis en ordre par M. Vinet. Paris, 1842. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Bellune, Claude Victor Perrin=, duc de, pair et marechal de France. Memoires mis en ordre par son fils aine, Victor St. Perrin. Paris, 1847. v. 1. (No more published.)

=Beranger, P. J. de=. Ma biographie, suivie d'un appendice. 3 ed. Paris, 1859. 12{o}.

=Bertin, G. La= campagne de 1812, d'apres des temoins oculaires. Paris n. d. 8{o}.

=Beugnot, Comte J. C.= Memoires (1783-1815), publ. par le comte A. Beugnot, son petit-fils. 3 ed. Paris, 1889. 8{o}.

=Bigarre, General=. Memoires, 1775-1813. Paris, 1893. 8{o}.

=Bonaparte, Lucien=, et ses memoires (1775-1840), ed. by T. Jung. Paris, 1882. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Bonaparte, Lucien=. Reponse aux memoires du general Lamarque sur les faits relatifs a 1815. London, 1835. 8{o}.

=Bourrienne, L. A. F. de=. Memoires sur Napoleon, le Directoire, le Consulat, l'Empire et la Restauration. 1829.

=Broglie, A. C. L. V., Duc de=. Souvenirs. 1785-1870. Paris, 1886-87. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Buloz, A., Ed.= Bourrienne et ses erreurs volontaires et involontaires; ou, Obs. sur ses memoires par Belliard, Gourgaud, d'Aure, de Survilliers, Meneval, Bonacossi, d'Eckmuehl, Massias, Boulay de la Meurthe, de Stein, Cambaceres. Paris, 1830. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Cadoudal, S. G. de=. Georges Cadoudal et la Chouannerie. Paris, 1887. 8{o}.

=Carnot, S. H.= Memoires, par son fils. Paris, 1861-64. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Castellane, B. E. V. E., le Marechal de=. Journal ... 1804-62. 2 ed. Paris, 1895-97. 5 v. 8{o}.

=Caulaincourt=. Souvenirs du duc de Vicence. Recueillis et publies par Charlotte de Sor (Mme. Oilleaux-Desormeaux). 4 ed. Paris, 1837. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Chaptal, J. A., Comte de Chanteloup=. Mes souvenirs sur Napoleon. Publ. par A. Chaptal. Paris, 1893. 8{o}.

=Chastenay, Mme. de=. Memoires. Publies par Roserot. Paris, 1896.

=Chateaubriand, M. le Vicomte de=. Memoires d'outre-tombe. Paris, n. d. 6 v. 8{o}. (Oeuvres.)

=Chateaubriand, F. A. de=. Memoires de Bonaparte. Paris, 1860. 8{o}. (Oeuvres, v. 3.)

=Consalvi, H., Cardinal=. Memoires, avec une intr. et des notes par J. Cretineau-Joly. Ces mem. publ. pour la premiere fois sont enrichis du fac-simile de 8 autographes precieux. Paris, 1864. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Constant de Rebecque, B.= Memoires sur les Cent Jours. Paris, 1820-22. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Courier, P. L.= Collection des lettres et articles publ. jusqu'a ce jour. Paris, 1824. 8{o}.

=Davout=. Life. By Count Vigier. 2 v. Paris, 1898.

=Davout, L., Prince d'Eckmuehl=. Memoire au roi. Paris, 1814. 8{o}.

=Dieffenbach, L. F.= Karl Ludwig, Schulmeister, d. Hauptspion, Parteigaenger, Polizeipraefekt u. geheimer Agent Napoleons I. Eine mit benuetzung zahlreicher, bisher unbekannter amtl. Aktenstuecke angestellte histor. Untersuchung. Leipzig, 1879.

=Du Casse, P. E. A.= Le General Arrighi de Casanova, duc de Padoue. Paris, 1866. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Du Casse, P. E. A.= Le General Vandamme et sa correspondance. Paris, 1870. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Dufort, J. N.= Memoires sur les regnes de Louis XV et Louis XVI et sur la Revolution. Publ. avec une intr. et des notes par R. de Crevecoeur. Paris, 1886. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Dumas, C.= Memoirs of his own time, including the Revolution, the Empire, and the Restoration. Philadelphia, 1839. 2 v. 12{o}.

=Dumoulin=. Proces du marechal Ney. Paris, 1815. 2 v.

=Ernouf, A. A.= Le Gen. Kleber: Mayence et Vendee, Allemagne, expedition d'Egypte. 2 ed. Paris, 1870. 12{o}.

=Ernouf, A. A.= Maret, Duc de Bassano. 2 ed. Paris, 1884. 8{o}.

=Fain, A. J. F.= Manuscrit de 1812, contenant le precis des evenements de cette annee pour servir a l'histoire de Napoleon. Paris, 1827. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Fain, A. J. F.= Manuscrit de 1813, pour servir a l'histoire de l'empereur Napoleon. 3 ed. Paris, 1829. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Fain, A. J. F.= Manuscript of 1814: A history of events which led to the abdication of Napoleon. London, 1823. 8{o}.

=Fleury de Chaboulon, P. A. E., Baron=. Memoires pour servir a l'hist. de la vie privee, du retour, et du regne de Napoleon en 1815. London, 1820. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Fouche, F.= Memoirs of his public life, comprising letters to Napoleon, Wellington, Bluecher, etc. London, 1818. 8{o}.

=Gaete, Duc de=. Memoires, souvenirs, opinions et ecrits. Paris, 1826. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Garat=. Eloge funebre des generaux Kleber et Desaix, prononce le 1er vendemiaire an IX a la Place des Victoires. Paris, an IX. 8{o}.

=Geffroy, A.= Notices et extraits des manuscrits concernant l'histoire ou la litterature de France qui sont conserves dans les archives ou bibliotheques de Suede, Danemark et Norvege. Paris, 1856. 8{o}.

=Gentz, F. de=. Memoires et lettres inedits. Publ. par G. Schlesier. Stuttgart, 1841.

=Gerando, M. A. de Rathsamhausen, baronne de=. Lettres, suivies de fragments d'un journal ecrit par elle de 1800 a 1804. Paris, 1880. 12{o}.

=Grouchy, Marquis de=. Le M{al} de Grouchy du 16 au 19 juin, 1815, avec documents historiques inedits et refutation de M. Thiers. Paris, 1864. 18{o}.

=Hobhouse, J. C.= Letters by an Englishman at Paris during the last reign of the Emperor Napoleon I. Philadelphia, 1816. 8{o}.

=Home, G.= Memoirs of an Aristocrat and Reminiscences of the Emperor Napoleon. London, 1838. 8{o}.

=Junot, L. P., Duchesse d'Abrantes=. Memoirs. London, 1831-35. 8 v. 8{o}.

=Junot, L. P., Duchesse d'Abrantes=. Memoires; ou, Souvenirs historiques sur Napoleon et la Revolution, le Directoire, le Consulat, l'Empire et la Restauration. 2 ed. Paris, 1835. 12 v. 8{o}.

=Kotzebue, A. F. F. v.= Erinnerungen aus Paris im Jahre 1804. Berlin, 1804. 2 v.

=Kotzebue, A. F. F. v.= Souvenirs de Paris en 1804. Trad. de l'all. avec des notes. Paris, 1805. 2 v. 12{o}.

=Lafayette, G. M. de=. Memoirs, correspondence and manuscripts. Publ. by his family. London, 1837. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Lafayette, G. M. de=. Mes rapports avec le Premier Consul (1797-1805). (V. 5 of his Memoires.)

=Lamarque, M.= Memoires et souvenirs. Paris, 1835-36. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Lamothe-Langon, Baron E. L. de=. Memoires et souvenirs d'une femme de qualite sur le Consulat et l'Empire. Paris, 1830. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Landrieux, J.= Memoires, 1795-97, avec une intr. biog. et hist. par L. Grasilier. Tome 1er. Paris, 1893. 8{o}.

=Larevelliere-Lepeaux, L. M.= Memoires. Publ. par son fils, sur le MS. autographe de l'auteur, et suivis des pieces justificatives et de corresp. inedites. Paris, 1895. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Laskey, J. C.= Description of the series of medals struck by order of Napoleon Bonaparte. London, 1818. 8{o}.

=Lavalette, Comte de=. Memoires et souvenirs. Publ. par sa famille et sur ses manuscrits, 1789-1829. Paris, 1831. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Lejeune, L. F., Baron, General=. Memoires publies par M. G. Bapst. Paris, 1895. 2 v. 16{o}.

=Lemann, J.= Napoleon 1er et les Israelites. La preponderance juive. 2me partie: Son organisation (1806-1815). 8{o}. Lyon, 1894, Vitte; Paris, Lecoffre.

=Libri-Carrucci=. Souvenirs de la jeunesse de Napoleon. Paris, 1842. 8{o}.

=Macdonald, E. J. J. A., Duc de Tarente=. Souvenirs, avec une introduction par M. C. Rousset. Paris, 1892. 8{o}.

=Mahon, Patrice= (Art Roe, Papa Felix). Trois Grenadiers de l'an VIII. Paris, 1897. 8{o}.

=Maistre, J. de=. Memoires politiques et correspondance diplomatique. Avec explications et commentaires historiques, par A. Blanc. 2e ed. 1859. 8{o}.

=Malouet, P. V.= Memoires. Publ. par son petit-fils. 2 ed. augm. de lettres inedites. Paris, 1874. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Marbot, Baron M. de=. Memoires. Paris, 1891. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Marmont, A. F. L. Viesse de, Duc de Raguse=. Memoires. 1792-1841. Paris, 1857. 9 v. 8{o}.

=Massena, A., Duc de Rivoli, Prince d'Essling, Marechal de France=. Memoires, rediges d'apres les documents qu'il a laisses et sur ceux du depot de la guerre et du depot des fortifications, par le general Koch. Paris, 1848-50. 7 v. and atlas.

=Masson, F.= Napoleon chez lui. Paris, 1894.

=Melzi, d'Eril F., Duca di Lodi=. Memoire, documenti e lettere inedite di Napoleone 1º e Beauharnais. Ed. G. Melzi. Milano, 1865. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Memoires= et souvenirs d'un pair de France, ex-membre du Senat conservateur. Paris, 1829-30. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Memoires= tires des papiers d'un homme d'etat, sur les causes secretes qui ont determine la politique des cabinets dans la guerre de la Revolution, depuis 1792 jusqu'en 1815. Paris, 1828-38. 13 v. 8{o}. (Par le comte A. F. d'Allonville, A. de Beauchamp et A. Schubart.)

=Meneval, C. F., Baron de=. Memoirs illustrating the history of Napoleon I from 1802 to 1815. Ed. by his grandson, Napoleon Joseph de Meneval (tr. by Robert H. Sherard). New York, 1894. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Miot de Melito=. Memoires (1788-1815). 2 ed. Paris, 1873. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Mollien, N. F., Comte=. Memoires d'un ministre du tresor public, 1780-1815. Paris, 1845. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Montegut, E.= Le Marechal Davout, son caractere et son genie. Paris, 1882. 12{o}.

=Muralt, C. v.= Hans v. Reinhard, Buergermeister d. Eidgenossischen Standes Zuerich u. Landammann d. Schweiz. Beitrag z. Gesch. d. Schweiz waehrend d. letzten Jahrzehnte; bearb. nach Reinhards nachgelassenen Denkschriften, Tagebuechern u. Briefwechsel. Zuerich, 1838.

=Napoleon I.= Memoirs of the history of France. Hist. miscellanies. London, 1823. 3 v. 8{o}. (Dictated to the Count de Montholon.)

=Napoleon I.= Memoirs of the history of France during the reign of Napoleon, dictated by him at St. Helena. London, 1823-4. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Nasica, T.= Memoires sur l'enfance et la jeunesse de Napoleon I jusqu'a l'age de 23 ans. Paris, 1852. 8{o}. 2e edit., 1865. 12{o}.

=Neuville, J. G. Hyde de=. Memoires et souvenirs. Paris, 1890. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Ney, M. L. F., Duc d'Elchingen=. Memoires. Publies par sa famille. Paris, 1833. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Nodier, C. E.= Souvenirs, Portraits, Episodes de la Revolution et de l'Empire. 7 ed. doublee par l'adjonction de morceaux nouveaux et accompagnee de notes. Paris, 1863. 2 v. 12{o}.

=Nougarede de Fayet, A.= Notice sur la vie et les travaux de M. le comte Bigot de Preameneu, ministre des cultes sous l'Empire, l'un des trois redacteurs du Projet de Code Civil. Paris, 1843. 8{o}.

=Odeleben, E. O. I., Freiherr von=. Napoleon's Feldzug in Sachsen im Jahre 1813. 3 Aufl. Dresden, 1840. 8{o}.

=Pajol, C. P. V., C{te}=. Kleber, sa vie, sa correspondance. Paris, 1877. 8{o}.

=Pelet, J. J. G.= Mem. sur la guerre de 1809 en Allemagne, avec les operations particulieres des corps d'Italie, de Pologne, de Saxe, de Naples et de Walcheren. Paris, 1824-26. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Peyrusse, G. J. R., Baron=. 1809-15: Memorial et archives de M. le B{on} Peyrusse, tresorier-general de la couronne pendant les Cent Jours. Vienne, Moscou, Ile d'Elbe. Carcassonne, 1869. 8{o}.

=Pontecoulant, L. G. D., Comte de=. Souvenirs historiques et parlementaires, extraits de ses papiers et de sa correspondance, 1764-1848. Paris, 1861-65. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Rapp, Gen.= Memoires des contemporains pour servir a l'histoire de la Republique et de l'Empire. Iere livraison. Memoires du gen. Rapp. Publies par sa famille. Paris, 1823. 8{o}.

=Recamier, Mme J. F. J. A. B.= Souvenirs et correspondance tires des papiers de Mme Recamier (par Mme Lenormant). 3e ed. Paris, 1860. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Recamier, J. F. J. A. B.= Memoirs and correspondence. Tr. and ed. by I. M. Luyster. London, 1867. 12{o}.

=Remusat, C. E. J. G. de V. de=. Memoires, 1802-08. Publies par Paul de Remusat. Paris, 1880. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Remusat, C. E. J. G. de V. de=. Lettres, 1804-14. Publiees par Paul de Remusat. Paris, 1881. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Rieu, J. L.= Memoires. Geneve, 1871. 18{o}.

=Roederer, P. L., Comte=. Oeuvres, publ. par son fils, A. M. Roederer. Paris, 1853-59. 8 v. 4{o}.

=Saint-Elme, Ida=. Memoires d'une contemporaine; ou, Souvenirs d'une femme sur les principaux personnages de la Republique, du Consulat, de l'Empire, etc. (1792-1824). Paris, 1827-28. 8 v.

=Savary, A. J. M. R., Duc de Rovigo=. Memoires pour servir a l'hist. de l'Empereur Napoleon. Paris, 1828. 8 v. 8{o}.

=Segur, P. P., Comte de=. Histoire et memoires. Paris, 1873. 7 v. 8{o}.

=Segur, P. P., Comte de=. Melanges. Paris, 1873. 8{o}.

=Stael-Holstein, Madame de=. Considerations sur la Revolution francaise: Ouvrage posthume publ. en 1818 par M. de Broglie et M. de Stael. Nouv. ed. Paris, 1861. 2 v. 12{o}.

=Stedingk, C. B. L. C., Comte de=. Memoires posthumes: rediges sur des lettres, depeches et autres pieces authentiques, laissees a sa famille, par le Gen. de Bjornstjerna. Paris, 1845-48. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Talleyrand-Perigord, C. M. de, Prince de Benevent=. Extraits des Memoires de. Recueillis et mis en ordre par Madame la comtesse O ... du C ... (le baron Lamothe-Langon), auteur des Memoires d'une femme de qualite. Paris, 1838. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Talleyrand-Perigord, C. M. de, Prince de Benevent=. Memoires, publ. avec une pref. et des notes par le Duc de Broglie. Paris, 1891. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Talleyrand-Perigord, C. M. de, Prince de Benevent=. Correspondance diplomatique: le ministere de Talleyrand sous le Directoire. Avec intr. et notes par G. Pallain. Paris, 1891. 8{o}.

=Thibaudeau, A. C.= Memoires sur la Convention et le Directoire. 2e ed. Paris, 1827. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Thibaudeau, A. C.= Memoires sur le Consulat de 1799 a 1804, par un ancien conseiller d'etat. Paris, 1827. 8{o}.

=Thiebault, P. C. F. A. H. D., Baron=. Memoires, publ. sous les auspices de sa fille, Mlle C. Thiebault, d'apres le MS. orig. par F. Calmettes, 1769-1813. Paris, 1893-95. 5 v. 8{o}.

=Vauthier, G.= Essai sur la vie et les oeuvres de Nepomucene Lemercier. Toulon, 1886. 8{o}.

=Villele, Comte de=. Memoires et correspondance. Paris, 1888-90. 5 v. 8{o}.

=Vitrolles, E. d'Arnaud, Baron de=. Memoires et relations politiques: publ. par E. Forgues, 1814-1830. Paris, 1884. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Waldburg, G. T. v.= Nouvelle relation de l'itineraire de Napoleon de Fontainebleau a l'ile d'Elbe. Trad. de l'allemand. Paris, 1815. 8{o}.

=Welschinger, H.= Le Duc d'Enghien, 1772-1804. Paris, 1888. 8{o}.

=Wiehr, E.= Napoleon und Bernadotte in Herbstfeldzuge 1813. Berlin, 1893. 8{o}.

=Wilson, Sir R. T.= Private diary during the campaigns of 1812-14; from the invasion of Russia to the capture of Paris; ed. by H. Randolph. London, 1861. 2 v.

NAPOLEON

_b._ HIS CORRESPONDENCE

=Davout, L., Prince d'Eckmuehl=. Correspondance: ses commandements, son ministere, 1801-1815. Avec intr. et notes par Ch. de Mazade. Paris, 1885. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Driault, E.= Napoleon a Finkenstein (avril-mai, 1807), d'apres la correspondance de l'empereur, les archives du ministere des affaires etrangeres, les archives nationales. In Revue d'histoire diplomatique, tom. XIII, pp. 404-462. Paris, 1899.

=Du Casse, P. E. A.= Supplement a la correspondance de Napoleon I: lettres curieuses omises par le comite de publication, rectifications. Paris, 1887. 12{o}.

=Fievee, J.= Correspondance et relations avec Bonaparte. Paris, 1837. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Fournier, A.= Zur Textkritik der Korrespondenz Napoleons I. (Archiv. fuer Oesterr. Gesch., vol. 93.) Vienna.

=Guillois, A.= Napoleon: l'homme, le politique, l'orateur, d'apres sa corresp. et ses oeuvres. Paris, 1889. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Lecestre, Leon=. Lettres inedites sur Napoleon Ier (an VIII-1815). Paris, 1897. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Le Vasseur=. Commentaires de Napoleon; suivis d'un resume des principes de strategie du Prince Charles. Paris, 1851-52. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Livre IX=. Memoires pour servir a l'histoire de France en 1815, avec le plan de la bataille de Mont Saint-Jean. Paris, 1820. 8{o}. This is the "Second manuscrit venu de Sainte-Helene." It was attributed to Napoleon and not repudiated by him.

=Marmottan, P.= Bonaparte et la republique de Lucques. Paris, 1896. 12{o}.

=Mauduit, H. de=. Les derniers jours de la grande armee; ou, Souvenirs, documents, et correspondance inedite de Napoleon en 1814 et 1815. 2 ed. Paris, 1847-48. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Napoleon I.= Commentaires. Paris, 1867. 6 v. 4{o}.

=Napoleon I=. Confidential correspondence with his brother Joseph. Sel. and tr. with notes from the "Mem. du roi Joseph." New York, 1856. 2 v. 12{o}.

=Napoleon I.= Correspondance. Publ. par ordre de l'Empereur Napoleon III. Paris, 1858-1870. 32 v. 8{o}.

=Napoleon I.= Correspondance militaire, extrait de la corresp. generale. Paris, 1876-77. 10 v. 12{o}.

=Napoleon I=. Lettres a Josephine et lettres de Josephine a Napoleon et a sa fille. Paris, 1833. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Napoleon I.= Lettres inedites de. (An VII-1815.) Paris, 1897. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Napoleon I.= Letters to Caulaincourt. Published by A. Vandal in the "Revue bleue," mars--avril, 1895.

=Napoleon I.= New letters omitted from the edition publ. under the auspices of Napoleon III. Transl. by Lady M. Lloyd. London, 1897. Heinemann.

=Napoleon I.= Oeuvres litteraires. Publ. d'apres les originaux et les meilleurs textes, avec une intr., des notes historiques et litteraires et un index par T. Martel. Paris, 1888. 4 v. 12{o}.

=Napoleon I.= Oeuvres litt. et politiques. Nouvelle ed. (Ed. par P. Lacroix.) Paris, 1840. 18{o}.

=Napoleon I.= Recueil, par ordre chronologique, de ses lettres, proclamations, bulletins, discours sur les matieres civiles et politiques, etc., formant une histoire de son regne, ecrite par lui-meme et accompagnee de notes historiques par M. Kermoysan. Paris, 1853-1865. 4 v. 12{o}.

=Napoleon I.= Selection from his letters and despatches. With explan. notes by D. A. Bingham. London, 1884. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Napoleon I.= Opinions sur divers sujets de politique et d'administration recueillies par un membre de son conseil d'etat (B{on} Pelet) et recit de quelques evenements de l'epoque. Paris, 1833. 8{o}.

=Pelet de la Lozere, J.= Opinions de Napoleon sur divers sujets de politique et d'administration, recueillies par un membre de son conseil d'etat et recit de quelques evenements de l'epoque. Paris, 1833. 8{o}.

=Sassenay, Marquis de=. Napoleon I et la fondation de la Republique Argentine. Jacques de Liniers et le marquis de Sassenay (1808-1810). Paris, 1892. 12{o}.

=Talleyrand-Perigord, C. M. de, Prince de Benevent=. Correspondance avec le Premier Consul pendant la campagne de Marengo. Publiee par le Comte Boulay de la Meurthe. Extrait de la "Revue d'histoire diplomatique." Laval, 1892. 8{o}.

=Talleyrand-Perigord, C. M. de, Prince de Benevent=. Lettres inedites a Napoleon (1800-1809), publ. d'apres les originaux conserves aux archives des affaires etrangeres. Avec une intr. et des notes par P. Bertrand. 2e ed. Paris, 1889. 8{o}.

NAPOLEON

_c._ HIS FAMILY

=d'Arzuzon, C.= Hortense de Beauharnais. 12{o}. Paris, 1897. Levy.

=d'Arzuzon, C.= Mme Louis Bonaparte. 8{o}. Paris, 1901. Levy.

=Aubenas, J. A.= Histoire de l'Imperatrice Josephine. Paris, 1857-58. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Beauharnais, Eugene de=. Memoires et correspondance politique et militaire. Edited by A. du Casse. 10 v. Paris, 1858-60.

=Becker, A.= Der Plan der zweiten Heirat Napoleons. In Mittheilungen des Instituts fuer oesterreichische Geschichtsforschung, tom. 19, pp. 92-156. Innsbruck, 1898.

=Du Casse, P. E. A.= Les rois freres de Napoleon I; documents inedits relatifs au premier Empire. Paris, 1883. 8{o}.

=Ducrest=. Memoires sur l'Imperatrice Josephine. Paris, 1828. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Durand, Madame=. Napoleon and Marie-Louise (1810-14). A memoir. London, 1886. 12{o}.

=Herisson, M., Comte de=. Le cabinet noir: Louis XVII, Napoleon, Marie-Louise. 14 ed. Paris, 1887. 12{o}.

=Lamothe-Langon, B{on} E.L. de=. Napoleon, sa famille, ses amis, ses generaux, ses ministres et ses contemporains; ou, Soirees secretes du Luxembourg, des Tuileries, de Saint-Cloud, de la Malmaison, de Fontainebleau, etc., par M. le ... ex-ministre de S.M. Imperiale et Royale. Paris, 1840. 5 v. 8{o}.

=Marie-Louise=. Correspondance, 1799-1847. Lettres intimes et inedites a la comtesse de Colloredo et a Mlle de Poutet, depuis 1810 comtesse de Crenneville. Paris, 1887. 18{o}.

=Marmottan, P.= Elisa Bonaparte. 12{o}. Paris, 1898. Champion.

=Masson, F.= Napoleon et sa famille. (1769-1802.) Paris, 1896. 8{o}.

=Memoires= sur l'Imperatrice Josephine, ses contemporains, la cour de Navarre et de la Malmaison (par Mme G.D. Bochsa, niece de Mme de Genlis). Paris, 1828. 3 v. 8{o}. (Attribues par M. Delacourt a Mme Durand.)

=Meneval, C.F., Baron de=. Napoleon et Marie-Louise: souvenirs historiques. 2 ed., cor. et augm. Paris, 1844-45. 3 v. 12{o}.

=Montesquiou, Abbe de=. Le divorce de Napoleon et l'abbe de Montesquiou. Auch., 1895. 8{o}.

=Turquan, J.= Souveraines et grandes dames. L'Imperatrice Josephine d'apres les temoignages des contemporains. Paris, 1896. 16{o}.

=Welschinger, H.= Le divorce de Napoleon. Paris, 1889. 12{o}.

=Wertheimer, E.= Die Heirat der Erzherzogin Marie Louise mit Napoleon I. Wien, 1882.

NAPOLEON

_d._ HIS MARSHALS AND GENERALS. See also MEMOIRS

=Berthier, Marshal=. Life. by Gen. Derrecagaix (Part I, to 1804). Paris, 1894.

=Bessieres, Marshal=. By A. Rabel. Paris, 1903.

=Blocqueville, A.L. d'Eckmuehl=. Le Marechal Davout, Prince d'Eckmuehl, raconte par les siens et par lui-meme. Paris, 1879-80. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Davout, Marshal=. Correspondance (1801-05). Edited by C. de Mazade. 4 v. Paris, 1885.

=Desaix, General=. By J. Desaix and La Folliot. Paris, 1879.

=Dumas, General Comte M.= Souvenirs (1770-1836). Edited by his son. 3 v. Paris, 1839.

=Goecke, R.= Das Grossherzogth. Berg unter Joachim Murat, Napoleon I u. Louis Napoleon, 1806-1813. Ein Beitrag zur gesch. der franzoes. Fremdherrschaft auf dem rechten Rheinufer. Meist nach den Acten d. Duesseldorfer Staats-Archivs. Koeln, 1877. 8{o}.

=Grouchy, Marshal=. Memoires. Edited by the Marquis de Grouchy. 5 v. Paris, 1873-74.

=Jourdan, Marshal=. Memoires militaires. 2 v. Paris, 1899.

=Lefebvre, Marshal=. By J. Wirth. Paris, 1904.

=Klaeber, H.= Leben und Thaten des franzoesischen Generals J.B. Kleber. Dresden, 1900.

=Maret, Marshal=. Life, by A. A. Ernouf. Paris, 1891.

=Moreau, J. V.=, Vie politique, militaire et privee du General. By A. de Beauchamp. Paris, 1814.

=Martha-Beker, F., Comte de Mons=. Etudes historiques sur le general Desaix. Clermont-Ferrand, 1852. 8{o}.

NAPOLEON

_e_. HIS BIOGRAPHY

=Ashton, J.= English caricature and satire on Napoleon I. London, 1884. 2 v. New ed., 1888.

=Barni, J.= Napoleon I et son historien M. Thiers. Paris, 1865. 12{o}.

=Batjin, N.= Histoire de l'Empereur Napoleon Ier. London, 1867. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Baudus=. Etudes sur Napoleon. Paris, 1841. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Belloc, Mme. L. Swanton=. Bonaparte et les Grecs. Paris, 1826. 8{o}.

=Beyle, H.= (=Stendhal=, _pseud._). Vie de Napoleon: fragments. 2 ed. Paris, 1877. 12{o}.

=Boehtlingk, A.= Napoleon Bonaparte: seine Jugend und sein Emporkommen (1769-1801). 2 Ausg. Leipzig, 1883. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Bois, M.= Napoleon Bonaparte, lieutenant d'artillerie a Auxonne; vie militaire et privee. 12{o}. Paris, 1898. Flammarion.

=Bonaparte, N. Joseph C. P., Prince=. Napoleon and his Detractors. Tr. and ed. with a biog. sketch and notes by R. S. de Beaufort. London, 1888. 8{o}.

=Bondois, P.= Napoleon et la societe de son temps (1793-1821). 8{o}. Paris, 1895. Alcan.

=Bonnal de Ganges=. La genie de Napoleon. Paris, 1896. 2 v. 12{o}.

=Bourrienne, L. A. F. de=. Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte. Ed. with pref. and notes by R. W. Phipps. New York, 1889. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Chalamet, A.= Guerres de Napoleon, 1800-07, racontees par des temoins oculaires. Paris, 1895. 8{o}.

=Channing, W. E.= Remarks on the life and character of Napoleon Bonaparte. Edinburgh, 1837. 16{o}.

=Chuquet, A.= La jeunesse de Napoleon. 3 v. 8{o}. Paris, 1897-99. Colin. I. Brienne. II. La Revolution. III. Toulon.

=Colin, J.= L'Education militaire de Napoleon. Paris, 1900. Chapelot.

=Coquelle, P.= Napoleon et l'Angleterre, 1803-15. Paris, 1904.

=Coston, F. G., Baron de=. Biographie des premieres annees de Napoleon Bonaparte, c'est-a-dire depuis sa naissance jusqu'a l'epoque de son commandement-en-chef de l'armee d'Italie, avec un appendice renfermant des documents inedits ou peu connus posterieurs a cette epoque. Paris, 1840. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Dayot, A.= Napoleon raconte par l'image. Paris, 1894. 4{o}.

=Des Armoises, O.= Avant la gloire. Napoleon enfant. Napoleon et ses compatriotes. 18{o}. Paris, 1898. Librairie illustree.

=Ducere, E.= Napoleon a Bayonne. Bayonne, 1897. 8{o}.

=Dumouriez, C. F. D.= Jugement sur Bonaparte. (In his Memoires, v. 4.)

=Fischer, A.= Goethe und Napoleon. Eine Studie. 8{o}. Frauenfeld, 1899. Huber. Aufl. mit Anhang: Weimar und Napoleon. 8{o}. Ibid. 1900. Ibid.

=Fournier, A.= Napoleon I. Eine Biographie. Leipzig, 1888-89. 3 v. 8{o}. (Das Wissen d. Gegenwart. v. 67, 71, 72.) Eng. trans. New York, 1903. (Bibliography.)

=Gadobert, B.= La jeunesse de Napoleon I. De 1786 au siege de Toulon. (Relation inedite.) 12{o}. Paris, 1897. Chamuel.

=Gallois, Leon=. Histoire de Napoleon d'apres lui-meme. 5e ed. Paris, 1829. 8{o}.

=Garsou, J.= Beranger et la legende napoleonienne. 8{o}. Bruxelles, 1897. Weissenbruch.

=Garsou, J.= Les createurs de la legende napoleonienne. Barthelemy et Mery. Bruxelles, 1899.

=Gautier, Paul=. Madame de Stael et Napoleon. Paris, 1903.

=Geoffroy de Grandmaison, C. A.= Napoleon et ses historiens. 12{o}. Paris, 1896. Perrin.

=Germond de Lavigne, L. A. G.= Les pamphlets de la fin de l'Empire, des Cent Jours et de la Restauration. Catalogue raisonne. Paris, 1879. 12{o}.

=Grand-Cartaret, J.= Napoleon en images. Estampes anglaises. (Portraits et caricatures.) 4{o}. Avec 130 reproductions. Paris, 1895. Firmin-Didot.

=Hazlitt, W.= Life of Napoleon Buonaparte. 2 ed. London, 1852. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Holzhausen, P.= Der erste Konsul Bonaparte und seine deutschen Besucher. 8{o}. Bonn, 1900. Holzhausen.

=Jorissen, T.= Napoleon I et le roi de Hollande, 1806-1813, d'apres des documents authentiques et inedits. (La Haye, M. Nighoff.) Paris, 1868. 8{o}.

=Jung, Th.= Bonaparte et son temps (1769-1799), d'apres les documents inedits. Paris, 1880-81. 3 v. 12{o}.

=Lanfrent=. Histoire de Napoleon I. Paris, 1867-75. 5 v. 12{o}.

=Laurent, P. M.= History of Napoleon. London, 1840. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Laurent de l'Ardeche, P. M.= Histoire de l'Empereur Napoleon. Illustree par H. Vernet. Paris, 1849. Gr. 8{o}.

=Lemoine, A.= Napoleon Ier et les Juifs. 18{o}. Paris, 1900. Fayard.

=Lettow-Vorbeck, O. von=. Napoleons Untergang, 1815. Berlin, 1904.

=Levy, M.= Bonaparte a Valence. 8{o}. Tournon, 1898. Boyer.

=Levy, A.= Napoleon intime. 5 ed. Paris, 1893. 8{o}.

=Lockhart, J. G.= History of Napoleon Bonaparte. 3 ed. London, 1835. 2 v. 16{o}.

=Lumbroso, A.= Miscellanea Napoleonica. Roma, 1895, 1896, 1897. 8{o}.

=Lumbroso, A.= Napoleone I e l'Inghilterra. Roma, 1897. 8{o}.

=Maitland, Sir F. L.= Relation concernant l'embarquement et le sejour de l'Empereur Napoleon a bord du _Bellerophon_. Paris, 1826. 8{o}.

=Masson, F.= Les debuts des Bonapartes. Paris, 1896. 8{o}.

=Masson, F.= Napoleon chez lui: la journee de l'Empereur aux Tuileries. Paris, 1894. 8{o}.

=Masson, F.= Napoleon et les femmes. I. L'Amour. Paris, 1894. 8{o}.

=Masson, F.= Napoleon inconnu. Papiers inedits (1786-93). Publies par F. Masson et G. Biagi. Accompagnes de notes sur la jeunesse de Napoleon (1769-93). Paris, 1895. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Monier, A.= Une annee de la vie de l'Empereur Napoleon; ou, Precis historique de tout ce qui s'est passe depuis le 1 avril, 1814, jusqu'au 21 mars, 1815 ... par A. D. B. M. 3 ed. rev. Paris, 1815. 12{o}.

=Napoleon Ier.= La Republique, le Consulat, l'Empire, Sainte-Helene, d'apres les peintres, les sculpteurs et les graveurs. Album oblong. Av. 80 planches et 500 gravures. Paris, 1895. Hachette.

=Norvins, J. M. de=. Histoire de Napoleon. 5 ed. Paris, 1834-36. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Paris= zur Zeit d. Kaiserkroenung. Nebst e Schilderung d. Hauptpersonen bei diesem Merkwuerd. Feste u. Napoleons Bildn. Leipzig, 1805. 8{o}.

=Pelissier, L. G.= Le registre de l'ile d'Elbe. Lettres et ordres inedits de Napoleon Ier, 28 mai, 1814,-22 fevr., 1815. 12{o}. Paris, 1897. Fontemoing.

=Peyre, R.= Napoleon I et son temps: histoire militaire, gouvernement interieur, lettres, sciences et arts. Paris, 1888. 4{o}.

=Pingaud, L.= Bernadotte, Napoleon et les Bourbons. Paris, 1901.

=Poullet, P.= La Belgique et la chute de Napoleon I. Extrait de la "Revue generale." Bruxelles, 1895. 8{o}.

=Prentout, H.= L'Ile de France sous Decaen, 1803-10. 8{o}. Paris, 1901. Hachette.

=Remacle, C{te} de=. Bonaparte et les Bourbons. Relations secretes des agents de Louis XVIII a Paris sous le Consulat (1802-03). 8{o}. Paris, 1900. Plon.

=Reverend, V{te} A.= Armorial du premier Empire. Titres, majorats et armoiries concedes par Napoleon Ier. 4 v. 4{o}. Paris, 1897. Champion.

=Riols, J. de=. Napoleon peint par lui-meme, anecdotes, souvenirs, caractere, appreciations, etc. Paris, 1895. 18{o}.

=Rocquain, F.= Napoleon I et le roi Louis, d'apres les documents conserves aux archives nationales. Paris, 1875. 8{o}.

=Roloff, G.= Napoleon I. 8{o}. Berlin, 1900. Bondi. Coll. Vorkampfer des Jahrhunderts.

=Rose, J. H.= Napoleon and English Commerce. In English Historical Review, v. VIII, pp. 704-725. London, 1893.

=Rose, J. H.= The Life of Napoleon I, including new materials from the British official records. London, 1902.

=Saint-Hilaire, Marco=. Histoire populaire, anecdotique et pittoresque de Napoleon et la grande armee. Paris, 1843. Gr. 8{o}.

=Scott, Sir Walter=. Life of Napoleon Bonaparte, with a preliminary view of the French Revolution. Edinburgh, 1827. 9 v. 12{o}.

=Scott, Sir Walter=. Vie de Napoleon Buonaparte, precedee d'un tableau preliminaire sur la Revolution franc. Paris, 1827. 9 v. 8{o}.

=Seeley, J. R.= Short History of Napoleon I. London, 1886. 8{o}.

=Seeley, J. R.= Courte histoire de Napoleon I. Trad. Paris, 1887. 18{o}.

=Segur, P. P. de=. Geschichte Napoleons und der grossen Armee im Jahre 1812. Stuttgart, 1841. 2 v. 16{o}.

=Sepet, M.= Napoleon, son caractere, son genie, son role historique. Paris, 1894. 16{o}.

=Sorel, A.= Bonaparte et Hoche en 1797. Paris, 1896. 8{o}.

=Tatistcheff, S.= Alexandre I et Napoleon (1801-12), d'apres leur correspondance inedite. Paris, 1891.

=Thibaudeau, A. C.= Histoire generale de Napoleon Bonaparte, de sa vie privee et publique, de sa carriere politique et militaire, de son administration et de son gouvernement. Paris, 1827-28. 6 v. 8{o}.

=Vallaux, C.= Les campagnes des armees francaises (1792-1815). Av. 17 cartes. 18{o}. Paris, 1899. Alcan.

=Vandal, A.= L'Avenement de Bonaparte. Paris, 1902.

=Vandal, A.= Napoleon et Alexandre Ier: l'alliance russe sous le premier Empire. Paris, 1893-96. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Whately, R.= Historic doubts relative to Napoleon Buonaparte. With intr. by H. Morley. New York, no date. 16{o}.

=Yorck v. Wartenburg=. Napoleon als Feldherr. 2 Aufl. Berlin, 1887-88. 2 v. 8{o}.

NAPOLEON

IN ELBA

=Campbell, Sir N.= Napoleon at Fontainebleau and Elba. 1814-1815. London, 1869. 8{o}.

=Fabre, J.= De Fontainebleau a l'ile d'Elbe. Paris, 1887. 8{o}.

=Foresi, E.= Napoleone I all' isola dell' Elba. Firenze.

=Gourgaud et Montholon=. Memoires p. s. a l'histoire de France sous Napoleon, ecrits a Sainte-Helene par les generaux qui ont partage sa captivite, et publ. sur le manuscrit entierement corriges de la main de Napoleon. 8 v. 8{o}. Paris, 1822-25. Didot. Bossange. Trad. en allem., espagn., angl. et dan.

=Helfert, J. A.= Napoleon I Fahrt von Fontainebleau nach Elba, April-Mai, 1814. Mit Benuetzung der aemtlichen Reiseberichte des kaiserlich oesterreichischen Commissars Gen. Koller. Wien, 1874. 8{o}.

=Lancelotti=. Napoleon auf Elba. Dresden, 1815.

=Livi, G.= Napoleone all' isola d'Elba. Milano, 1888.

=Pelissier, L. G.= L'Ile d'Elbe au commencement du XIXe siecle. In Bulletin de la Societe languedocienne de geographie, 1897.

=Pellet, E. A. M.= Napoleon a l'ile d'Elbe: melanges historiques. Paris, 1888. 12{o}.

=Pichot, A.= Napoleon a l'ile d'Elbe: chronique des evenements de 1814-15, d'apres le journal du Col. Sir Neil Campbell, le journal d'un detenu et autres doc. inedits ou pen connus, pour servir a l'hist. du premier Empire et de la Restauration, accompagne d'une gravure en taille douce. Paris, 1873. 8{o}.

=Waldburg, G. T. v.=, Ed. Napoleon Buonaparte's Reise von Fontainebleau nach Frejus, vom 17 bis 29 April, 1814. Einzigrechtmaessig. Ausg. Berlin, 1815. 16{o}.

FRANCE

=Anti-Jacobin, or Weekly Examiner=. 1st ed. London, 1797-98. 2d ed., 1799.

=Aucoc, L.= Conferences sur l'administration et le droit administratif, faites a l'Ecole des Ponts et Chaussees. 3 ed. Paris, 1885-86. 2v. 8{o}.

=Aucoc, L.= Le conseil d'etat avant et depuis 1789, ses transformations, ses travaux, et son personnel: Etude hist. et bibliographique. Paris, 1876. 8{o}.

=Aulard, F. A.= Le Directoire executif (in Rambaud et Lavisse, Histoire generale, t. VIII). Paris, 1898. 8{o}.

=Bailac, J. B.= Nouvelle chronique de la ville de Bayonne, par un Bayonnais. Bayonne, 1827-28. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Barante, A. G. P. Brugiere de=. Histoire du Directoire de la Republique francaise. Paris, 1855. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Beitraege= zur Geschichte d. Ruckzugs d. Franzosen nach d. Schlacht bei Leipzig. Leipzig, 1815. 8{o}.

=Bertrand, A.= L'Organisation francaise: le gouvernement, l'administration. Paris, 1882. 12{o}.

=Bignon, L. P.= Histoire de France sous Napoleon, redigee et terminee par A. Ernouf. Paris, 1838-50. v 14. 8{o}.

=Bire, E.= Causeries historiques. Les historiens de la Revolution et de l'Empire. 8{o}. Paris, 1897. Bloud.

=Blanc, A. E.= Napoleon Ier: Ses institutions civiles et administratives. Paris, 1880. 8{o}.

=Blanc, L.= Histoire de la Revolution francaise. Paris, 1847-62. 12 v. 8{o}. Nouvelle ed. ornee de 600 gravures. Paris, 1881. 2 v. 4{o}.

=Bogdanowitsch, M.= Geschichte d. Krieges 1814 in Frankreich u. d. Sturzes Napoleons I, nach d. zuverlaessigsten Quellen. Aus d. Russ. von G. Baumgarten. Leipzig, 1866. 8{o}.

=Boissonnade, J. F.= Critique litteraire sous le premier Empire. Publ. par F. Colincamp. Paris, 1863. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Bosse, R. H. B. von=. Uebersicht d. franzoesischen Staatswirthschaft. Braunschw., 1806. 2 Thle.

=Boulay de la Meurthe, Comte de=. Les dernieres annees du Duc d'Enghien. (1801-1804.) Paris, 1886. 12{o}.

=Brunetiere, F.= Etudes critiques sur l'histoire de la litterature francaise. Paris, 1880-93. 5 v. 12{o}.

=Buchez, P. B. J., et Roux-Lavergne, P. C.= Histoire parlementaire de la Revolution francaise; ou, Journal des assemblees nationales depuis 1789 jusqu'en 1815. Paris, 1833-1838. 40 v. 8{o}.

=Chuquet, A.= L'Alsace en 1814. 8{o}. Paris, 1900. Plon.

=Correard, F.= La France sous le consulat. 8{o}. Paris, 1899. May. Coll. Bibliotheque d'histoire militaire.

=Cobbett, W.= Facts and observations relative to the peace with Bonaparte. Philadelphia, 1802. 8{o}.

=Debidour, A.= Etudes critiques sur la Revolution, l'Empire et la periode contemporaine. 12{o}. Paris, 1886. Charpentier.

=Debidour=. Histoire des rapports de l'eglise et de l'etat en France (1789-1870). Paris, 1898. Alcan.

=Dejob=. L'Instruction publique en France et en Italie au XIXe siecle. 12{o}. Paris, 1894. Colin.

=Delplace, L.= La Belgique sous la domination francaise. 2 v. Louvain, 1896.

=Des Granges, C. M.= Geoffroy et la critique dramatique sous le Consulat et l'Empire (1800-14). (These.) Paris, 1897. Hachette.

=Desmarets, C.= Temoignages historiques, ou quinze ans de haute police sous Napoleon. Paris, 1833. 8{o}.

=Dontenville, J.= Le General Moreau, 1763-1813. Paris, 1899.

=Duruy, A.= L'Instruction publique et la Revolution. Paris, 1882. 8{o}.

=Duvergier de Hauranne, P.= Histoire de gouvernement parlementaire en France, 1814-1848; precedee d'une intr. Paris, 1857-65. 7 v. 8{o}.

=Faber, T.= Notices sur l'interieur de la France, ecrites en 1806. St.-Petersbourg, 1807. 8{o}. (La paix de Tilsit arreta la publication d'un second vol. qui devait paraitre. Le premier vol. n'a pas ete repandu dans le public que par une reimpression faite a Londres, dans le recueil intitule: "Offrandes a Bonaparte par trois etrangers." 1810.)

=Fauchille, P.= Du blocus maritime. Paris, 1882. 8{o}.

=Fauchille, P.= La question juive en France sous le premier Empire, d'apres des documents ined. Paris, 1884. 8{o}.

=Fauriel, C.= Les derniers jours du Consulat, manuscrit ined. Publ. et annot. par L. Lalanne. Paris, 1885.

=Fescourt=. Histoire de la double-conspiration de 1800 contre le gouvernement consulaire et de la deportation qui eut lieu dans la deuxieme annee du Consulat; contenant des details authentiques et curieux sur la machine infernale et les deportes. Paris. 1818. 8{o}.

=Fievee, J.= Correspondance polit, et administrative, commencee au mois de mai, 1814. 3 v. Paris, 1815-28. 12{o}.

=Forneron, H.= Hist. generale des emigres pendant la Revolution francaise. 4 ed. rev. et corr. Paris, 1884. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Fortescue=. The manuscripts of J. B. Fortescue, Esq. Preserved at Dropmore. London, 1894.

=Goncourt, E. et J. de=. Histoire de la societe francaise pendant le Directoire. Nouv. ed. Paris, 1892. 12{o}.

=Gourgaud, G.= Campagne de 1815, ou relation des operations militaires qui out eu lieu en France et en Belgique pendant les Cent Jours. Paris, 1818. 8{o}.

=Grouchy, Gen.= Fragments historiques relatifs a la campagne de 1815 et a la bataille de Waterloo. Paris, 1829. 8{o}.

=Hamel, E.= Hist. des deux conspirations du Gen. Malet. Nouv. ed. rev., corr. et augm. d'une nouvelle preface. Paris, 1873. 8{o}.

=Hahn, L.= D. Unterrichtswesen in Frankreich mit einer Geschichte der Pariser Universitaet. Breslau, 1848. 8{o}.

=Helie, F. A.= Les constitutions de la France. Ouvrage contenant, outre les constitutions, les principales lois relatives au culte, a la magistrature, aux elections, a la liberte de la presse, de reunion et d'association, a l'organisation des departements et des communes, avec un commentaire. Paris, 1875-79. 4 facs.

=Houssaye, H.= 1815, la premiere Restauration, le retour de l'ile d'Elbe, les Cent Jours. 15 ed., rev. Paris, 1894. 12{o}.

=Hueffer, H.= Quellen zur Geschichte des Zeitalters der franzoesischen Revolution. Leipzig, 1900. Teubner.

=Julien, B.= Histoire de la poesie francaise a l'epoque imperiale. Paris, 1844. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Jullien, M. A.= Entretien politique sur la situation actuelle de la France et sur les plans du nouveau gouvernement. Paris, an VIII (1800). 8{o}.

=Labaume, E.= Histoire de la chute de l'empire de Napoleon, ornee de huit plans ou cartes pour servir au recit des principales batailles livrees en 1815-16. Paris, 1820. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Lacombe, P.= Essai d'une bibliographie des ouvrages relatifs a l'histoire religieuse de Paris pendant la revolution (1789-1802). Paris, 1884. 8{o}.

=Lacretelle, C. J. D. de=. Dix annees d'epreuves pendant la Revolution. Paris, 1842. 8{o}.

=Lafon, J. B. H.= Hist. de la conjuration du Gen. Malet, avec des details officiels sur cette affaire. 2 ed., rev., corr. et augm. des pieces offic. des proces; recueillies a la com. militaire, etc. Paris, 1814.

=Lamartine, A. M. L. de=. Histoire de la Restauration. Paris, 1851-52. 8v. 8{o}.

=Lamartine, A. M. L. de=. History of the restoration of monarchy in France. New York, 1851-53. 8{o}.

=Lamothe-Langon, Baron E. L. de=. Les apres-diners de S. A. S. Cambaceres, second consul, ou revelations de plusieurs grands personages sur l'ancien regime, le Directoire, l'Empire et la Restauration, recueillies et publiees par le b{on} E. L. de Lamothe-Langon. Paris, 1837. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Lanzac de Laborie, de=. La domination francaise en Belgique, 1795-1814. Paris, 1895. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Lavallee, J.= Histoire de l'origine, du progres et de la decadence des diverses factions qui ont agite la France depuis le 14 juillet, 1789, jusqu'a l'abdication de Napoleon. London, 1816. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Lavisse, E.=, et =Rambaud, A=., Histoire generale du IVe siecle jusqu'a nos jours, ouvrage publie sous la direction de. Paris, 1893-97. 8 v. 8{o}.

=Lubis, F. P.= Histoire de la Restauration (1814-1830). 2e ed. Paris, 1848. 6 v. 8{o}.

=Lubis, F. P.= Resume de l'histoire des Cent Jours. Paris, 1843. 12{o}.

=Mahan, A. T.= Influence of Sea Power upon the French Revolution and Empire, 1793-1812. London, 1893. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Martel, Comte A. de=. Historiens fantaisistes (M. Thiers). Paris, 1883. 2 v. 18{o}.

=Merlet, G.= Tableau de la litterature francaise (1800-1815). Paris, 1877-84. 3v. 8{o}.

=Meyer, Fr. J. L.= Briefe aus d. Haupstadt u. dem innern Frankreichs unt. d. Consular-regierung. Stuttgart, 1802. 2 Thle. 8{o}.

=Montglave, G. de=. Les souvenirs d'un grognard de la vieille. Paris, 1842. 8{o}.

=Mortimer-Ternaux=. Histoire de la Terreur (1792-1794). Paris, 1862-1881. 8 v. 8{o}.

=Nicolas, Ch.= Les Budgets de la France depuis le commencement du XIXe siecle. Tableaux budgetaires. Paris, 1882. 4{o}.

=Nougarede de Fayet, A.= Recherches hist. sur le proces et la condamnation du Duc d'Enghien. Paris, 1844. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Pajol, C{te}=. Pajol, general en chef, par le gen. de division C{te} Pajol, son fils aine. Paris, 1874. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Panckoucke, P.= La Republique consideree dans ses divers gouvernements, ou la France comme elle est apres ce qu'elle a ete. Essai d'observations impartiales et instructives sur les evenements et les hommes pendant la Revolution. Paris, an IV (1801). 8{o}.

=Passy, L.= Frochot, prefet de la Seine. Hist. administrative, 1789-1815. Paris, 1867. 8{o}.

=Peuchet, J.= Essai d'une statistique generale de la France. Paris. 1802. 4{o}.

=Pfuel, E. v.= D. Rueckzug der Franzosen aus Russland. Hrsg. von F. Foerster. Berlin, 1867. 8{o}.

=Picaud, A.= Carnot, l'organisateur de la victoire, 1753-1823. Nouv. ed. Paris, no date. 8{o}.

=Pisani, Abbe P.= La Dalmatie de 1797 a 1815. Episode des conquetes napoleoniennes. Paris, 1893. Gr. 8{o}.

=Pradt, D. D. de=. Recit historique sur la restauration de la royaute en France le 31 mars, 1814. Par l'auteur du "Congres de Vienne," etc. 2e ed. Paris, 1822. 8{o}.

=Proces= instruit par la cour de justice criminelle contre Georges, Pichegru, Moreau et autres prevenus de conspiration contre la personne du Premier Consul. Paris, 1804. 8 v. 8{o}.

=Rapetti, P. N.= La defection de Marmont en 1814, ouvrage suivi d'un precis des jugements de Napoleon Ier sur le marechal Marmont, d'une notice bibliog., avec extraits de tous les ouvrages publ. sur le meme sujet, etc. Paris, 1858. 8{o}.

=Regnault-Warin, J. B. J. I. P.= Introduction a l'histoire de l'empire francais; ou, Essai sur la monarchie de Napoleon. Paris, 1820. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Rochechouart, General Comte de=. Souvenirs sur la Revolution, l'Empire et la Restauration. Memoires inedits publies par son fils. Paris, 1889. 8{o}.

=Rocquain, F.= Etat de la France au 18 brumaire d'apres les rapports des conseillers d'etat charges d'une enquete sur la situation de la republique, avec pieces inedites, de la fin du directoire, publiees pour la premiere fois et precedees d'une preface et d'une introduction. Paris, 1874. 12{o}.

=Rodriguez, J. A.= Relation historique de ce qui s'est passe a Paris a la memorable epoque de la decheance de Napoleon Buonaparte, ecrite en espagnol et traduite en francais par l'auteur. Paris, 1814. 8{o}.

=Sainte-Beuve, C. A.= Chateaubriand et son groupe litteraire sous l'Empire. Nouv. ed., cor. Paris, 1889. 2 v. 12{o}.

=Schaeffner, W.= Geschichte d. Rechtsverfassung Frankreichs. 2 Ausg. Frankfurt-am-Main, 1859. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Schlarendorf, G. v.= Napoleon u. das franzoesische Volk unter seinem Consulate. Hrsg. von J. F. Reichardt. Germanien., 1804. 8{o}.

=Schlarendorf, G. v.= Bonaparte and the French people under his consulate. 5 American ed. New York, 1804. 8{o}.

=Schmidt, A.= Paris pendant la Revolution, d'apres les rapports de la police secrete, 1789-1800. Trad. franc. accompagnee d'une preface par P. Viollet. Paris, 1880-90. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Schmidt, A.= Parizer Zustaende waehrend d. Revolutionszeit von 1789-1800. Jena, 1874-76. 3 v. in 1. 8{o}.

=Schmidt, A.= Tableaux de la Revolution francaise. Publ. sur les papiers inedits du departement de la police secrete de Paris. Leipzig, 1867-70. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Schoelcher, V.= Vie de Toussaint Louverture. Paris, 1889. 12{o}.

=Schoell, F.= Recueil de pieces officielles sur les evenements qui se sont passes depuis quelques annees. Paris, 1814. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Sorel, A.= L'Europe et la Revolution francaise. Paris, 1893-95. 4v. 8{o}.

=Stourm, R.= Les finances de l'ancien regime et de la Revolution, origines du systeme financier actuel. Paris, 1885. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Sybel, H. von=. Geschichte d. revolutionszeit von 1789-1800. Neue Ausg. Stuttgart, 1882. 5 v. 8{o}.

=Taine, H.= Les origines de la France contemporaine. Paris, 1890-93. 5 v. 8{o}.

=Talleyrand-Perigord, C. M.= Correspondance inedite du prince de Talleyrand et du roi Louis XVIII pendant le congres de Vienne, publiee sur les manuscrits conserves au depot des affaires etrangeres, avec preface, eclaircissements et notes par G. Pallain. Paris, 1881. 8{o}.

=Thibaudeau, A. C.= Le Consulat et l'Empire; ou, Histoire de France et de Napoleon Bonaparte de 1789 a 1815. Paris, 1834-35. 10 v. 8{o}.

=Thiers, A.= Histoire du Consulat et de l'Empire (1799-1815). Paris, 1845-62. 20 v. 8{o}. Atlas fol.

=Thiers, A.= History of the Consulate and the Empire of France under Napoleon. Tr. by D. F. Campbell. London, 1845-62. 20 v. Also Atlas fol. 1859.

=Toulongeon, F. E.= Histoire de France depuis la Revolution de 1789. Paris, 1801-06. 4 v. 4{o}.

=Vaulabelle, A. T. de=. Histoire de deux restaurations jusqu'a l'avenement de Louis-Philippe de jan., 1815, a oct., 1830. Nouv. ed. Paris, 1874. 11 v. 8{o}.

=Veron, L. D.= Memoires d'un bourgeois de Paris, comprenant la fin de l'Empire, la Restauration, la Monarchie de juillet, la Republique jusqu'au retablissement de l'Empire. Paris, 1856-57. 5 v. 16{o}.

=Villemain, A. F.= Souvenirs contemporains d'histoire et de litterature. Paris, 1855-56. 2 parts. 8{o}.

=Vuehrer, A.= Histoire de la dette publique en France. Paris, 1886. 8 v.

=Walsh, R.= Letter on the genius and dispositions of the French government. Philadelphia, 1810. 8{o}.

=Welschinger, H.= La censure sous le premier Empire. Paris, 1882. 1 v. 8{o}.

=Williams, H. M.= Narrative of the events which have taken place in France, with an account of the present state of society and public opinion. 2 ed. London, 1816. 8{o}.

THE CODE

=Colmet de Santerre=. Le divorce de l'empereur et le code Napoleon. 8{o}. Paris, 1894.

=Des Gilleuls, A.= De l'esprit du droit public sous le Consulat et l'Empire. 8{o}. Paris, 1896. Picard.

=Jac, E.= Bonaparte et le code civil. De l'influence personnelle exercee par le premier consul sur notre legislation civile. 8{o}. Paris, 1898. Rousseau.

=Locre de Roissy, J. G., Baron de=. Proces-verbaux du conseil d'etat, cont. la discussion du projet de code civil. Annees IX-XII. Paris, an XII (1803-04). 5 v. 4{o}.

=Perouse, H.= Napoleon I et les lois civiles du Consulat et de l'Empire. Paris, 1866. 8{o}.

=Rehberg, A. W.= Ueber den Code Napoleon u. dessen Einfuehrung in Deutschland. Hannover, 1814. 8{o}.

=Roloff, G.= Die Kolonialpolitik Napoleons I. Karte. Muenchen, 1899. Oldenbourg, Coll. Historische Bibliothek.

=Sevin, F.= Etude sur les origines revolutionnaires des codes Napoleon. Nouv. ed. Paris, 1879. 8{o}.

=Thezard, L.= De l'influence des travaux de Pothier et du chancelier d'Aguesseau sur le droit civil moderne. Paris, 1866. 8{o}.

GREAT BRITAIN

=Adolphus, J.= History of England from the accession to the decease of King George III. London, 1840-45. 7 v. 8{o}.

=Alison, Sir A.= Lives of Lord Castlereagh and Sir Charles Stewart, the 2d and 3d marquesses of Londonderry; with annals of contemporary events. Edinburgh, 1861. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Auckland=. Journal and correspondence of William, Lord Auckland. London, 1861. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Bisset, R.= The History of the Reign of George III to the termination of the late war. London, 1803. 6 v. 8{o}.

=Brougham.= Historical sketches of statesmen who flourished in the time of George III. Paris, 1839.

=Browning, O.= England and Napoleon in 1803, being the despatches of Lord Whitworth and others, now first printed. London, 1887. 8{o}.

=Buckingham=. Memoirs of the court and cabinets of George III, by the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos. London, 1853-55. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Burghersh, Lord=. (John Fane, Earl of Westmoreland.) Memoir of the operations of the allied armies under Prince Schwarzenberg and Marshal Bluecher, 1813-14. London, 1822. 8{o}.

=Castlereagh, Lord=. Correspondence, despatches and other papers. Ed. by C. W. Vane. London, 1851-53. 8 v. 8{o}.

=Charlemont, James, First Earl of=. Manuscripts and correspondence. London, 1894. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Cockburn, Henry=. Memorials of his time. New ed. Edinburgh, 1874. 16{o}.

=Cornwallis=. Correspondence, ed. by Charles Ross. London, 1859. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Cottin, P.= Toulon et les Anglais en 1793, d'apres des documents inedits. Avec 3 planches et 4 dessins. 8{o}. Paris, 1898. Ollendorf.

=Cottin, P.= L'Angleterre devant ses allies (1793-1814): Toulon (1793), Anvers et Nimegue (1794), Quiberon (1795), Guadeloupe (1795), Egypte (1798-1800), Naples (1799), Cadix et Cabrera (1808-14). 8{o}. Paris, 1893. Aux bureaux de la Revue retrospective.

=Elliot, Sir G., Earl of Minto=. Life and Letters, 1751-1806. Ed. by the Countess of Minto. London, 1874. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Fox, C. J.= Memorials and correspondence, Ed. by Lord J. Russell. London, 1853-57. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Fox, Henry R.=, Lord Holland. Foreign reminiscences. Ed. by his son. New York, 1851. 12{o}.

=Henry, W.= Events of a military life. London, 1843. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Jackson, Sir G.= Diaries and letters from the peace of Amiens to the battle of Talavera. Ed. by Lady Jackson. Paris, 1872. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Jackson, Sir G.= The Bath Archives. A further selection from [his] diaries and letters from 1809-16. Ed. by Lady Jackson. London, 1873. 2 v. 8{o}.

=James, W.= Naval history of Great Britain. London, 1860. 6 v.

=Laughton, J. K.= Life of Nelson. London, 1894. 2d ed. 1900.

=Laughton, J. K.= The Nelson Memorial. Nelson and his companions in arms. London, 1896. 8{o}.

=Liverpool, Earl of (R. B. Jenkinson)=. Memoirs. London, 1827.

=Mahan, A. T.= Life of Nelson. London, 1897. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Malmesbury, Lord=. Diaries and Correspondence. London, 1844. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Massey=. A History of England during the reign of George III. London, 1855-63. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Maxwell, W. H.= Life of the Duke of Wellington. 4th ed. 1845. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Morris, Gouverneur=. Diary and Letters. New York, 1888. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Paget, Sir Arthur=. The Paget Papers. London, 1896. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Parliamentary History=. Vols. XXXVI _et seq_. London, 1803 _et seq._

=Romilly, Sir Samuel=. Memoirs and Correspondence. London, 1847. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Rose, G.= Diaries and Correspondence. Ed. by L. V. Harcourt. London, 1859. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Segur, P. P. de=. History of the expedition to Russia in 1812. Philadelphia, 1825. 8{o}.

=Sidmouth=. Life and correspondence of Henry Addington, first Viscount Sidmouth. Ed. by G. Pellew. London, 1847. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Sinclair, Sir J.= Correspondence, with reminiscences of the most distinguished characters in Great Britain and in foreign countries during the last fifty years. London, 1831. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Stanhope=. Life of the Right Honorable William Pitt. London, 1861-62. 4 v. 12{o}.

=Stewart, C. W. V=., first Earl Vane and third marquis of Londonderry. Narrative of the war in Germany and France in 1813-14. London, 1830. 4{o}.

=Wellesley, A., Duke of Wellington=. Civil Correspondence and Memoranda. London, 1860. 5 v. 8{o}.

=Wellesley, A., Duke of Wellington=. Despatches from 1799-1818. New ed. London, 1837-38. 9 v. 8{o}. (Vols. 4-12 of Coll. Despatches.)

=Windham, W.= The diary of William Windham, 1784-1810. Ed. by Mrs. Henry Baring. London, 1866. 8{o}.

=Yonge, C. D.= Life and administration of Robert Banks Jenkinson, 2d earl of Liverpool (1786-1820). London, 1868. 3 v. 8{o}.

ITALY

=Besancenet, A. de=. Le General Dommartin en Italie et en Egypte. Ordres de service. Correspondance, 1789-1799. Paris, 1880. 12{o}.

=Botta, C.= Storia d'Italia dal 1789 al 1814. Torino, 1824. 8 v.

=Bouvier, F.= Bonaparte en Italie (1796). 8{o}. Av. cartes. Paris, 1899. Cerf.

=Cantu, C.=, Ed. Corrispondenze di diplomatici della repubblica e del regno di Italia 1796-1814. Compilazione archivistica. Vol. Iº. Milano, 1884. 8{o}.

=Castro=. Milano durante la dominazione napoleonica. Milano, 1880. 8{o}.

=Castro=. Storia d'Italia dal 1799 al 1814. Milano, 1881. 8{o}.

=Coignet, Capitaine=. Les cahiers (1799-1815), publ. d'apres le MS. orig. par L. Larchey. Nouv. ed., rev. et cor. Paris, 1889. 12{o}.

=Coletta, P.= Storia del reame di Napoli dal 1734 al 1825. Paris, 1835. 8{o}.

=Coppi=. Annali d'Italia dal 1750 al 1807. Rome, 1849. 8{o}.

=Dandolo, G.= La caduta della republica di Venezia ed i suoi ultimi cinquant'anni. Studii, storici, ed appendice. Venezia. 1855-57. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Dejob=. Mme de Stael et l'Italie (avec une bibliographie de l'influence francaise en Italie, 1796-1814). Paris, 1890.

=Einsiedel, A. A. v.= Die Feldzuege d. Oesterreicher in Italien im Jahre 1805. Mit 1 Schlachtplan u. 1 Karte. Weimar, 1812. 8{o}.

=Fabry, G.= Histoire de l'armee d'Italie (1796-97). De Loano a fevr., 1796. 2 v. 8{o}. Paris, 1900. Champion. Tom. 3. 8{o}. Paris, 1901. Chapelot.

=Gachot, E.= La deuxieme campagne d'Italie, 1800. 16{o}. Paris, 1898. Perrin.

=Gaffarel, Paul=. Bonaparte et les republiques italiennes 1796-1799. Paris, 1895. 8{o}.

=Graham, Colonel T.= Despatches on the Italian campaign of 1796-97. Ed. by J. H. Rose. In English Historical Review, vol. 14, pp. 111-124, 321-331. London, 1900.

=Helfert, J. A.= Koenigin Karolina von Neapel u. Sicilien im Kampfe gegen die franzoesische Weltherrschaft, 1790-1814. Mit Benuetzung von Schriftstuecken des K. K. Haus-Hof-u. Staats-Archivs. Wien, 1878. 8{o}.

=Johnston, R. M.= The Napoleonic Empire in Southern Italy. 2 v. London, 1904. (Bibliography.)

=La Folie, C. J.= (Coraccini, _pseud._) Histoire de l'administration du royaume d'Italie pendant la domination francaise. Paris, 1823. 8{o}.

=La Folie, C. J.= (Coraccini, _pseud._) Storia dell'amministrazione del regno d'Italia durante il dominio francese. Lugano, 1823.

=Liebenstein, T. E. F. v.= D. Krieg Napoleons gegen Russland in d. Jahre 1812 u. 13. Frankfurt-am-Main, 1888. 2 Thle.

=Litta Biumi, A.= Della Battaglia di Montenotte. Milano, 1846. 8{o}.

=Lucchesini=. Historische Entwickelung der Ursachen und Wirkungen des Rheinbundes. Aus dem Italienischen. Leipzig, 1822. 2 Thle. 8{o}.

=Nani-Mocenigo, Conte=. Venezia durante la dominazione napoleonica. Venezia, 1896. 8{o}.

=Pellet, E. A. M.= Bonaparte en Toscane en 1796. Paris, 1887. 12{o}. (Extrait de la "Revue bleue.")

=Reumont, A. v.= Beitraege zur Italienischen Geschichte. Berlin, 1853-57. 6 Bde.

=Rolhenburg, v.= Die Schlacht bei Rivoli. Leipzig, 1845.

=Romanin, F.= Storia documentata di Venezia. Venezia, 1853-61. 10 v.

=Sforza, G.=, Ed. Sull' occupazione di Massa di Lunigiana da' Francesi nel 1796, lettere d'un Giacobino. Lucca, 1880. 8{o}.

=Trolard, E.= Pelerinage aux champs de bataille francais d'Italie, v. 1. De Montenotte au pont d'Arcole. v. 2, 3. De Rivoli a Marengo et a Solferino. Paris, 1893. 4 v. 12{o}.

=Welschinger, H.= Le roi de Rome, 1811-32. Paris, 1897. 8{o}.

THE PAPACY

=Artaud de Montor, F.= Histoire des souverains pontifes romains. Paris, 1847-49. 8 v. 12{o}.

=Boulay de la Meurthe, Comte de=, Ed. Documents sur la negociation du concordat. Paris, 1891-95. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Chotard, H.= Le pape Pie VII a Savone, d'apres les minutes des lettres ined. du gen. Berthier au prince Borghese et d'apres les memoires ined. de M. de Lebseltern, conseiller d'ambassade autrichien. Paris, 1887. 12{o}.

=Geoffroy de Grandmaison=. Napoleon et les cardinaux noirs, 1810-14. Paris, 1895. 16{o}.

=Giucci, G.= Storio de Pio VII. Rome, 1857-64.

=Haussonville, J. O. B. de Cleron d'=. L'Eglise romaine et le premier Empire, 1800-1814; avec notes, correspondances dipl. et pieces justificatives, entierement inedites. 3e ed. Paris, 1870. 5 v. 8{o}.

=Mejer, O. Z.= Geschichte der roemisch-deutschen Frage. Rostock, 1871-74. 3 Thle.

=Pradt, D. D. de=. Les quatre concordats; suivis de considerations sur le gouvernement de l'Eglise en general et sur l'Eglise de France en particulier depuis 1515. Paris, 1818. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Seche, L.= Les origines du concordat. I. Pie VI et le directoire. II. Pie VII et le consulat. Paris, 1894. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Theiner, A.= Hist. des deux concordats de la republique francaise et de la republique cisalpine conclus en 1801-1803 entre Napoleon Bonaparte et le Saint-Siege; suivie d'une relation de son couronnement comme empereur des Francais par Pie VII, d'apres des doc. ined. extraits des archives du Vatican et de celles de France. Paris, 1869-70. 8{o}.

SWITZERLAND

=Amtliche Sammlung= der Acten aus d. Zeit d. Helvetischen Republik (1798-1803) in Anschluss an d. Sammlung d. aeltern. eidg. Abschiede. Hrsg. auf Anordng. d. Bundesbehoerden. Bearb. v. J. Strickler. Bern, 1886-89. 3 Bde. 4{o}.

=Luginbuehl, R.= Ph. Alb. Stapfer, helvetischer Minister d. Kuenste u. Wissenschaften (1766-1840). Ein Lebens u. Kulturbild. Basel, 1887. 8{o}.

=Oechsli, W.= Die Schweiz in den Jahren 1798 und 1799. 8{o}. Zuerich, 1899. Schulthess.

=Rutsche, P.= Der Kanton Zuerich zur Zeit der Helvetik (1798-1803). 8{o}. Zuerich, 1900. Fasi.

=Schweizer, P.= Geschichte der Schweizerischen Neutralitaet.

=Senfft, F. C. L., Comte de=. Memoires: organisation politique de la Suisse, 1800-1813. Leipzig, 1863. 8{o}.

=Vulliemin, L.= Geschichte der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft. Deutsch v. J. Keller. Aarau, 1877. 8{o}.

=Vulliemin, L.= Histoire de la confederation suisse. Ed. revisee et corrigee. Lausanne, 1879. 2 v. 8{o}.

SPAIN AND PORTUGAL

=Barkhausen, G. H.= Tagebuch eines Rheinbund-Offiziers aus dem Feldzuge gegen Spanien und waehrend spanischer und englischer Kriegsgefangenschaft. 1808-14. Hrsg. von seinem Enkel. 8{o}. Wiesbaden, 1900. Bergmann.

=Baumgarten, H.= Geschichte Spaniens vom Ausbruch d. franzoesisch. Revolution bis auf unsere Tage. Leipzig, 1865-71. 3 v. 8{o}. (Staatengesch. d. neuesten Zeit. Bde. 9, 17.)

=Boppe, P.= La legion portugaise, 1807-13. 8{o}. Paris, 1897.

=Boppe, P.= Les Espagnols a la grande armee. Le corps de la Romana (1807-08); le regiment Joseph-Napoleon (1809-13). 8{o}. Paris, 1899.

=Grolmann, E. v.= Tagebuch eines deutschen Offizier ueb. seinen Feldzug in Spanien, 1808. Hrsg. v. P. T. Rehfues. Nuernberg, 1814.

=Hitzigrat, H.= Hamburg und die Kontinentalsperre. 4{o}. Hamburg, 1900. Herold (Programm).

=Joseph-Napoleon, King of Spain=. Memoires et correspondance politique et militaire, publ., annot. et mis en ordre par A. du Casse. 2 ed. Paris, 1854-55. 10 v. 8{o}.

=Lafuente y Zamalloa, M.= Historia-general de Espana, desde los tiempos mas remotos hasta nuestros dias. Madrid, 1850-67. 30 v. 8{o}.

=Moore, J.= Narrative of the campaign of the British army in Spain commanded by Sir John Moore. 2d ed. London, 1809. 4{o}.

=Rehfues, P. J.= Spanien nach eigner Ansicht im Jahre 1808 his auf die neueste Zeit. Frankfurt-am-Main, 1813. 4 Bde.

=Southey, R.= Hist. of the Peninsular War. London, 1823-32. 3 v. 4{o}.

GERMANY, INCLUDING RUSSIA AND AUSTRIA

=Adam, A.= Aus dem Leben eines Schlachtenmalers, Selbstbiographie nebst e. Anh. Hrsg. v. H. Holland. Stuttgart, 1886. 8{o}.

=Baader, J.= Streiflichter auf die Zeit d. tiefsten Erniedrigung Deutschlands oder die Reichsstadt Nuernberg in d. Jahren 1801-1806. Nuernberg, 1878.

=Beaulieu-Marconnay, Karl Frhr. v.= Karl v. Dalberg u. seine Zeit, zur Charakteristik d. Fuersten Primas. Weimar, 1879. 2 Bde. 8{o}.

=Beer, A.= Geschichte des Welthandels im XIX Jahrhunderte. Wien, 1864-84. 2 Bde.

=Beer, A.= Zehn Jahre oesterreichischer Politik, 1801-1810. Leipzig, 1877. 8{o}.

=Beitraege= zur Geschichte d. Jahres 1813, von einem hoehern Offizier d. preuss. Armee. Potsdam, 1843. 2 Bde. mit Beilagen.

=Beitzke, H.= Geschichte d. deutschen Freiheitskriege in den Jahren 1813-14. 4 neu bearb. Aufl. v. P. Goldschmidt. Bremen, 1883. 2 Bde. 8{o}.

=Blumenthal, M.= Der preussische Landsturm von 1813. Auf archivalischen Grundlagen dargestellt. 8{o}. Berlin, 1900. Schroeder.

=Bockenheimer, C. E.= Erinnerungen an die Geschichte d. Stadt Mainz in d. Jahren 1813 u. 14. Mainz, 1863. 8{o}.

=Bogdanowitsch, M.= Geschichte des Feldzuges im Jahre 1812, nach den zuverlaessigsten Quellen. Aus d. Russ. v. G. Baumgarten. Leipzig, 1862-63. 3 Bde. 8{o}.

=Boehtlingk, A.= Napoleon Bonaparte u. d. Rastatter Gesandtenmord: ein Wort an meine Herren Kritiker. Leipzig, 1883. 8{o}.

=Bouvier, F.= Les premiers combats de 1814. Prologue de la campagne de France dans les Vosges. Paris, 1895. 8{o}.

=Boyen, H. V.= Erinnerungen aus dem Leben d. Gen. Feldmarschalls H. v. B. aus seinen Nachlass im Auftrage d. Familie, hrsg. v. F. Nippold. 3 Thle. Leipzig, 1889-90. 8{o}.

=Brandt, Heinrich=. Aus dem Leben des Generals der Infanterie von Brandt, 2te Auflage. 3 Thle. Berlin, 1870-82.

=Burghersh, Lord=. Memoiren ueb. d. Operationen d. verbuendeten Heere unter dem Fuersten Schwarzenberg u. dem Feldmarschall Bluecher waehrend des Endes 1813 u. 1814. Aus d. Engl. von J. W. Schreiber. Berlin, 1844. 8{o}.

=Buturlin=. Tableau de la campagne d'automne de 1813 en Allemagne. 2e ed. rev. Paris, 1818. 8{o}.

=Cadet de Gassicourt, Ch. L.= Voyage en Autriche, en Moravie et en Baviere, fait a la suite de l'armee francaise en 1809. Paris, 1818. 8{o}.

=Cerini, Cl. F. X. v.= D. Feldzuege d. Sachsen in d. Jahre 1812 u. 1813. Aus d. bewaehrt. Quellen gezogen u. dargestellt von e. Stabsoffizier. Dresden, 1821. 8{o}.

=Charras, J. B. A.= Histoire de la guerre de 1813 en Allemagne. Derniers jours de la retraite de Russie. Insurrection de l'Allemagne. Armements. Diplomatie. Entree en campagne. 2 ed. Paris, 1870. 8{o}.

=Clair, C.= Andre Hofer et l'insurrection du Tyrol en 1809. 3 ed. Paris, 1880. 8{o}.

=Clausewitz, C. v.= Nachrichten ueber Preussen in seiner grossen Katastrophe. Berlin, 1888. 2 v.

=Colomb, F. A. von=. Aus dem Tagebuche. Streifzuege, 1813-14. Berlin, 1854. 8{o}.

=Dahlmann, F. C.= Waitz, G. Quellenkunde d. deutschen Geschichte. 5te Aufl. Quellen und Bearbeitungen der Deutschen Geschichte neu Zusammengestellt von G. Waitz. 3te Aufl. Goettingen, 1883. 8{o}.

=Darmstaedter, P.= Das Grossherzogtum Frankfurt. Ein Kulturbild aus der Rheinbundszeit. 8{o}. Frankfurt-am-Main, 1900. Baer.

=Dechend=. Die pr.-hess. Waffenbruderschaft im Jahre 1805. Jahrbuecher fuer die deutsche Armee und Marine. 1885. July, Oct., Nov.

=Delbrueck, H.= Das Leben d. Feldmarschalls Grafen Neithardt v. Gneisenau. Berlin, 1882. 2 Bde. 8{o}.

=Droysen, J. G.= D. Leben d. Feldmarschalls Grafen York v. Wartenburg. 10 Aufl. Leipzig, 1890. 2 Thle.

=Duncker, M. W.= Abhandlungen aus der neueren Geschichte. Leipzig, 1887. 8{o}.

=Eckardt, J.= Yorck u. Paulucci, Aktenstuecke u. Beitraege z. Geschichte d. Convention von Taurogge (18-20 Dezbr., 1812). Leipzig, 1865. 8{o}.

=Egger, Jos.= Geschichte Tirols von den aeltesten Zeiten bis in die Neuzeit. Innsbruck, 1871-76. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Ernouf, A. A.= Les Francais en Prusse (1807-08), d'apres des documents contemporains recueillis en Allemagne. Paris, 1872. 18{o}.

=Escoiquiz, Don Juan=. Wahrhafte darstell. d. Gruende, welche den Koenig Ferdinand VII im April d. Jahre 1808, zur Reise nach Bayonne bewogen haben. Aus d. Span, uebersetzt. Wien, 1816.

=Eugen, Herzog v. Wuerttemberg=. Memoiren. Frankfurt-an-der-Oder, 1862. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Euler, C.= Friedrich Ludwig Jahn; sein Leben u. Wirken. Stuttgart, 1881. 8{o}.

=Eyssenhardt, F.= Barthold Georg Niebuhr: ein biog. Versuch. Gotha, 1886. 8{o}.

=Fichte=. Der geschlossene Handelstadt. Wien, 1801. 16{o}.

=Fisher, H.= Studies in Napoleonic Statesmanship: Germany. Oxford, 1903.

=Foerster, F.= Geschichte d. Befreiungskriege, 1813-15. Nach Theilweise ungedruckten Quellen u. muendlichen Aufschlussen bedeutender Zeitgenossen. Leipzig, 1856-58. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Foucart, P.= Campagne de Prusse (1806), d'apres les archives de la guerre. Prenzlow-Luebeck. Paris, 1890. 8{o}.

=Fournier, A.= Historische Studien u. Skizzen. Prague, 1885. 8{o}.

=Friccius, C.= Geschichte des Krieges in den Jahren 1813 u. 1814. Mit besond. Ruecksicht auf Ostpreussen u. d. Koenigsberg'sche Landwehrbataillon. Berlin, 1843. 8{o}.

=Funck, K. W. F.= Erinnerungen aus d. Feldzuege des Saechsischen Corps unter d. Gen. Reynier im Jahre 1812, aus Papieren d. Verstorbenen. Dresden, 1829.

=Gagern, F. H. E.= Mein Antheil an der Politik. I: Unter Napoleons Herrschaft. II: Nach Napoleons Fall--d. Congress zu Wien. III: D. Bundestag. Stuttgart, 1822-30.

=Gentz, F. de=. Oesterreichs Theilnahme an den Befreiungskriegen. Nebst einem Anhang "Briefwechsel zwischen den Fuersten Schwarzenberg und Metternich." Wien, 1887. 8{o}.

=Gentz, F. de=. Tagebuecher. Aus dem Nachlass Varnhagen's v. Ense. Leipzig, 1873-74. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Gildemeister, J. K. F.= Fink's u. Berger's Ermordung. Beitr. zur Charakteristik d. franzoes. Herrschaft in Deutschland. Bremen, 1814.

=Goecke, R.= D. Koenigr. Westphalen. 7 Jahre franzoes. Fremdherrschaft im Herzen Deutschlands, 1807-1813. Nach den Quellen dargestellt vollendet u. hrsg. von Th. Ilgen. Duesseldorf, 1888. 8{o}.

=Goltz-Colmar, Frhr. v.= Rossbach u. Jena: Studien ueb. die Zustaende u. das geistige Leben in der preuss. Armee waehrend der Uebergangszeit vom XVIII zum XIX Jahrh. Berlin, 1883.

=Grolmann, E. v.= Geschichte des Feldzuges von 1814 in dem oestlichen u. noerdlichen Frankreich bis z. Einnahme v. Paris, als Beitrage z. neueren Kriegsgeschichte. Hrsg. von Major v. Damitz. Berlin, 1842-43. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Guretzky-Cornitz, H. v.= Geschichte d. Ersten Brandenburgischen Ulanen-Regiments (Kaiser v. Russland) vom Jahre 1809-1859. Berlin, 1866. 8{o}.

=Haeusser, L.= Deutsche Geschichte vom Tode Friedrichs des Grossen bis zur Gruendung des deutschen Bundes. Berlin, 1854-57. 4 Thle. 2 veraenderte u. vermehrte Aufl. Berlin, 1858.

=Havemann, Wilh.= D. Kurfuerstenthum Hannover unter Zehnjaehnger Fremdherrschaft, 1803-1813. Jena, 1867. 8{o}.

=Heilmann, J.= Feldmarschall Fuerst Wrede. Leipzig, 1881. 8{o}.

=Heinrich, P.= Erzherzog Johann. Vienna, 1901.

=Helfert, J. A., Frhr. von=. Zur Loesung der Rastatter Gesandtenmordfrage. Gesammelte Aufsaetze. 8{o}. Stuttgart und Wien, 1900. Roth.

=Helfert, J. A.= Joachim Murat, seine letzten Kaempfe u. sein Ende. Wien, 1878. 8{o}.

=Helfert, J. A.= Maria Karolina v. Oesterreich, Koenigin v. Neapel u. Sicilien. Anklagen u. Vertheidigg., mit Benuetzg. v. Schriftstuecken d. K. K. Haus-Hof-u. Staats-Archivs. Wien, 1884. 8{o}.

=Helfert, J. A.= Maria Louisa, Erzherzogin v. Oesterreich, Kaiserin d. Franzosen. Mit Benuetzg. v. Briefen an ihre AEltern u. v. Schriftstuecken d. K. K. Haus-Hof-u. Staats-Archivs. Prague, 1873. 8{o}.

=Henckel von Donnersmark, W. L. V., Graf=. Erinnerungen aus meinem Leben. Zerbst, 1847. 8{o}.

=Hofmann, G. W. v.= Zur Geschichte des Feldzuges von 1813. 2 neu. bearb. u. verm. Aufl. Berlin, 1843. 8{o}.

=Hofmann, G. W. v.= Zur Geschichte des Feldzuges von 1815 bis nach d. Schlacht von Belle-Alliance. Koblenz, 1849. 2 Aufl. Berlin, 1851.

=Holzhausen, P.= Davout in Hamburg. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Jahre 1813-14. Von einem Freunde historischer Wahrheit. Deutsche Ausgabe. 8{o}. Muelheim a. d. Ruhr, 1892. Zeigenhirt.

=Hormayr, J. F.= D. Heer von Inneroestreich unter den Befehlen d. Erzherzogs Johann im Kriege von 1809 in Italien, Tyrol u. Ungarn. Durchgehends aus Offiziellen Quellen, aus d. erlass. Befehlen, Operations Journalen. Leipzig, 1848. 8{o}.

=Hormayr, H. v.= Lebensbilder aus dem Befreiungskriege. Piece aus den "Politischen Predigten des Dr. Faber." Leipzig, 1844. 8{o}.

=Horn, G.= Das Buch der Koenigin Luise. Mit Portraits u. Illustr. nach gleichzeit. Originalen. 2 Aufl. Berl., 1884. Fol.

=Hueffer, H.= Die Politik der deutschen Maechte im Revolutionskriege bis zum Abschluss des Friedens von Campo-Formio. (Dipl. Verhandlungen a. d. Zeit d. Franzoesisch. Rev. Bd. i.)

=Hueffer, H.= Oestreich u. Preussen gegenueber der Franzoesischen Revolution bis zum Abschluss des Friedens von Campo-Formio. Vornehmlich nach ungedr. Urkunden d. Archivs in Berlin, Wien u. Paris. Bonn, 1868. 8{o}. (Dipl. Verhandlungen a. d. Zeit d. Franzoesisch. Rev. Bd. i.)

=Hueffer, H.= D. Rastatter Congress u. d. Zweite Coalition. Bonn, 1878-79. 2 v. 8{o}. (Dipl. Verhandlungen a. d. Zeit d. Franzoesisch. Rev. Bd. i.)

=Knesebeck, E. v.= Leben des Freiherrn Hugh v. Halkett, k. Hannoverischer General d. Infanterie. Stuttgart, 1865. 8{o}.

=Koberstein, K.= Preussisches Bilderbuch. Leipzig, 1887. 8{o}.

=Krauss, Th.= Geschichte d. bayerischen Heeresabtheilung im Feldzug gegen Russland, 1812. Augsburg, 1857. 8{o}.

=Krones, R. v. Marchland, Frz.= Zur Geschichte Oesterreichs im Zeitalter d. franzoesischen Kriege u. d. Restauration, 1792-1816. Mit besond. Ruecksicht auf das Berufsleben d. Staatsmannes Frhrn. Ant. v. Baldacci. Gotha, 1886. 8{o}.

=Ledebur, A. L. v.= Erlebnisse aus den Kriegsjahren 1806-07. Ein Zeit u. Lebensbild zusammengestellt aus den hinterlassenen Papieren, etc. Nebst einigen kurzen Notizen ueber das Leben des Verewigten. Berlin, 1855.

=Lehmann, M.= Freiherr vom Stein. Vols. I and II, 1757-1808. Leipzig, 1903.

=Lehmann, M.= Knesebek u. Schoen: Beitrage zur Gesch. d. Freiheitskriege. Leipzig, 1875. 8{o}.

=Lettow-Vorbeck, O. v.= D. Krieg v. 1806-1807. Berlin, 1891-96. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Lombard, J. G.= Materiaux pour servir a l'histoire des annees 1805-07, dedies aux Prussiens par un ancien compatriote. Paris, 1808. 12{o}.

=Luetzow, Adf.= Freikorps in den Jahre 1813 u. 1814 von K. v. L. gegenueber d. in d. preuss. Jahrbuecher, hrsg. v. H. v. Treitschke, auf genommenen Darstellung v. A. Koberstein. Berl., 1884. 8{o}.

=Mallet du Pan, J.= Correspondance inedite avec la cour de Vienne (1794-98), publ. d'apres les MSS. conserves aux archives de Vienne par A. Michel; avec une preface de H. Taine. Paris, 1884. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Materiaux= pour servir a l'histoire de la bataille d'Austerlitz, recueillis par un militaire. Weimar, 1806. 8{o}. With a map of the battle-field.

=Meerheimb, F. v.= Die Schlachten bei Bautzen am 20 u. 21 Mai, 1813. Vortrag geh. in d. militaer. Gesellschaft zu Berlin am 2 Novbr., 1872. Berlin, 1873. 8{o}.

=Metternich, C. W. N. L., Fuerst v. Metternich-Winneburg=. Aus nachgelassenen Papieren (1773-1859). Hrsg. von R. Metternich-Winneburg; geord. von A. v. Klinkowstroem. Wien, 1880-84. 8 v. in 7. 8{o}.

=Metternich-Winneburg, R.=, Ed. Oesterreichs Theilnahme an den Befreiungskriegen: ein Beitrag z. Gesch. d. Jahre 1813-15 nach Aufzeichngn. von Frdr. v. Gentz, nebst e. Anh. Briefwechsel zwischen den Fuersten Schwarzenberg u. Metternich, geordnet u. zusammengestellt von A. v. Klinkowstroem. Wien, 1887. 8{o}.

=Meyer=. Erinnerungen aus Hannover u. Hamburg aus den Jahren 1803-1813. Nebst einem Anhang mit Bemerkungen. Von einem Zeitgenossen. Hannover, 1843. 8{o}.

=Mirus, R. D.= Treffen bei Wartenburg am 3 Okt., 1813. Berlin, 1863.

=Monckeberg, C.= Hamburg unter dem Drucke d. Franzosen, 1806-1814. Hist. Denkwuerdigkeiten. Hamburg, 1863. 8{o}.

=Montgelas, Max, Graf v.= Denkwuerdigkeiten (1799-1817) im Auszug aus dem Franzoes. Original uebers. von Max Frhrn. v. Freyberg-Eisenberg u. hrsg. v. Ludg. Grafen v. Montgelas. Stuttgart, 1887. 8{o}.

=Mueffling, F. C. F., Frhr. v.= (sonst =Weiss= genannt). Aus meinem Leben. 2 Thle. Berlin, 1851. 8{o}. Aus meinem Leben. Berlin, 1855. 2 Thle. 8{o}. (Untrustworthy.)

=Mueffling, C. v.= D. Preussisch-russische Campagne im Jahre 1813 bis zum Waffenstillstande. Breslau, 1813. 8{o}.

=Mueller, F. v.= Erinnerungen aus den Kriegszeiten v. 1806-1813. Braunschw., 1851. 8{o}.

=Natzmer, G. E.= Aus dem Leben der Gen. Oldwig v. Natzmer: Ein Beitrag z. preuss. Geschichte. Berlin, 1876.

=Naumann, R. D.= Voelkerschlacht bei Leipzig. Nebst Nachrichten von Zeitgenossen u. Augenzeugen ueber Dieselbe. Karte des Schlachtfeldes u. Plane d. Stadt Leipzig von 1813. Leipzig, 1863. 8{o}.

=Neumann, L.=, et =Plason, A. de=. Recueil des traites et conventions conclus par l'Autriche avec les puissances etrangeres depuis 1763 jusqu'a nos jours. Leipzig, 1855-59. 6 v. 8{o}. Nouvelle suite. Vienne, 1877-91. 12 v. 8{o}.

=Ompteda, F. v.= Zur deutschen Gesch. in dem Jahrzehnt vor den Befreiungskriegen.

I: D. Ueberwaeltigung Hannovers durch die Franzosen. Eine hist, polit. Studie. Hannover, 1866.

II u. III: Politischer Nachlass des hannoverschen Staats u. Cabinet-ministers Ludw. von Ompteda aus den Jahren 1804-1813. Veroeffentlicht von F. v. Ompteda. Jena, 1869.

=Oncken, W.= Oesterreich und Preussen im Befreiungskriege: urkundliche Aufschluesse ueber d. politische Geschichte des Jahres 1813. Berlin, 1876-79. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Perthes, C. T.= Politische Zustaende u. Personen in Deutschland z. Zeit d. franz. Herrschaft. Das suedliche u. westliche Deutschland. 2 Aufl. Gotha, 1863. 8{o}.

=Pertz, G. H.= D. Leben den Feldmarschalls Graf en Neithardt v. Gneisenau, 1760-1815. Schluss Bd. von H. Delbrueck. Berlin, 1864-81. 5 Bde. 8{o}.

=Pertz, G. H.= D. Leben des Ministers Freiherrn von Stein, 1757-1831. Berlin, 1849-55. 6 v. 8{o}.

=Pfister=. Aus dem Lager des Rheinbundes, 1812-13. Stuttgart, 1897.

=Plotho, C. v.= D. Krieg in Deutschland u. Frankreich in d. Jahren 1813-15. Berl., 1817. 4 Thle. 8{o}.

=Pohl, J. G. v.= Denkwuerdigkeiten a. meinen Leben u. aus meiner Zeit. 1840.

=Prokesch, A. v.= Denkwuerdigkeiten aus dem Leben des Feldmarschalls Fuersten Carl zu Schwarzenberg. Neue Ausg. Wien, 1861. 8{o}.

=Ranke, L. von=. Hardenberg u. d. Gesch. d. preussischen Staates von 1793-1813. 2 Aufl. Leipzig, 1879-81. 3 v. 8{o}. (Saemmt. Werke. Bde. 46-48.)

=Reichardt, J. F.= Vertraute Briefe aus Paris, geschrieben in den Jahren 1802-3. 2 Ausg. Hamburg, 1805. 3 Thle. 8{o}.

=Reiche, L. v.= Memoiren, hrsg. von L. v. Weltzien. Leipzig, 1857. 2 Thle. 8{o}.

=Rist, J. G.= Lebenserinnerungen, herausg. von G. Poel. Gotha, 1880. 2 Th.

=Roos, H. U. L. v.= Ein Jahr aus meinem Leben, oder Reise von den westl. Ufern d. Donau an die Nara, suedl. von Moskwa u. zurueck an die Beresina mit d. grossen Armee Napoleons im Jahre 1812. St. Petersburg, 1832. 8{o}.

=Schimpff, G. v.= 1813. Napoleon in Sachsen. Nach des Kaisers Korrespondenz. Dresden, 1894. 8{o}.

=Schlitter, H.= Kaiser Franz I u. die Napoleoniden vom Sturze Napoleons bis zu dessen Tode. Wien, 1888. 8{o}.

=Schlossberger, A. v.=, Ed. Briefwechsel der Koenigin Katharina u. d. Koenigs Jerome v. Westphalen, so wie d. Kaisers Napoleon I m. dem Koenig Friedrich v. Wuerttemberg, vom 8 Oktbr., 1801, bis 22 Dezbr., 1810. Stuttgart, 1886. 8{o}.

=Schlossberger, A. v.=, Ed. Politische u. militaerische Correspondenz Koenig Friedrichs von Wuerttemberg mit Kaiser Napoleon I. 1805-1813. Stuttgart, 1889.

=Schmoelzer, H.= A. Hofer und seine Kampfgenossen. 8{o}. Innsbruck, 1900. Wagner.

=Seeley, J. R.= The Life and Times of Stein, or Germany and Prussia in the Napoleonic age. Cambridge, 1878. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Segur, P. P., Comte de=. Napoleon a Moscou, un passage de la Beresina. (From Hist. de Napoleon et de la grande armee pendant l'annee 1812. Comment by A. Hemme.)

=Servieres, G.= L'Allemagne francaise sous Napoleon I. Paris, 1904.

=Staps, Fr.= Erschossen zu Schoenbrunn bei Wien, auf Napoleons Befehl im Oktober, 1809. Eine Broch. aus d. hinterlass. Papieren seines Vaters... Berlin, 1843. 8{o}.

=Steffens, H.= Was ich erlebte. Aus d. Erinnerung niedergeschrieben. Breslau, 1840-44. 10 v. 8{o}.

=Steffens, H.= Zur Erinnerung: aus Briefen an seinen Verleger. Hrsg. v. M. Tietzen. Leipzig, 1871. 8{o}.

=Stern, Alfr.= Abhandlungen u. Aktenstuecke zur Geschichte d. preussischen Reformzeit 1807-1815. Leipzig, 1885. 8{o}.

=Strippelmann, F. G. L.= Beitraege zur Gesch. Hessen-Cassels, Hessen, Frankreich, 1791-1814. Marburg, 1877. 1 Heft. 2 Heft. Gesch. d. Napoleonschen Usurpation Kurhessens u. Achtserklaerung, im Jahre 1806. Marburg, 1877.

=Stutterheim, K. v.= La bataille d'Austerlitz par un militaire, temoin de la journee du 2 Decembre, 1805. Hamburg, 1806. 8{o}. (This work was tr. by P. Coffin into English in 1807.)

=Stutterheim, K. v.= La guerre de l'an 1809 entre l'Autriche et la France, par un officier autrichien. Vienne, 1811. 8{o} and atlas.

=Thielen, M. F.= D. Feldzug d. verbuendeten Heere Europas 1814 in Frankreich unter dem Oberbefehle des K. K. Feldmarschalls Fuersten Carl zu Schwarzenberg. Wien, 1856. 8{o}.

=Thielen, M. v.= Erinnerungen aus dem Kriegerleben eines 82 Jaehrigen Veteranen d. Oesterreichischen Armee, mit besonderer Bezugnahme auf die Feldzuege d. Jahre 1805, 1809, 1813-15; nebst einem Anhang d. Politik Oesterreichs vom Jahre 1809-1814 betr. Wien, 1863. 8{o}.

=Thugut, Frhr. v.= Vertrauliche Briefe. Hrsg. v. A. v. Vivenot. Wien, 1872. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Thuerheim, A.= Ludwig, Fuerst Starhemberg, Ehemaliger K. K. a. o. Gesandter an den Hoefen in Haag, London u. Turin, etc. Graz, 1889. 8{o}.

=Tournon, de=. Die Provinz Bayreuth unter franzoesischer Herrschaft (1806-10). Mit Karte. Aus dem Franzoesischen uebersetzt von L. von Fahrmbacher. 12{o}. Wunsiedel, 1900. Koehler.

=Vivenot, A. v.= Thugut, Clerfayt und Wurmser. Original-Dokumente aus dem K. K. Haus-Hof-und Staats-Archivs in Wien vom Juli, 1794, bis Februar, 1797. Wien, 1869. 8{o}.

=Vivenot, A. v.= Zur Geschichte des Rastatter Congresses. Wien, 1871. 8{o}.

=Voss, Sophie Marie, Graefin v.= 69 Jahre am preussischen Hofe. Aus den Erinnergn. Leipzig, 1876.

=Welden, L. v.= D. Feldzug d. Oesterreicher gegen Russland im Jahre 1812. Wien, 1870.

=Welden, L. F. v.= D. Krieg v. 1809 zwischen Oesterreich u. Frankreich von Anfang Mai bis zum Friedensschlusse. Aus offiziellen Quellen. Mit e. (lith.) Uebersichtskarte d. Marchfeldes (in mp. fol.). Wien, 1872.

=Wertheimer, E.= Geschichte Oesterreichs u. Ungarns im ersten Jahrzehnt d. XIXten Jahrh. Nach ungedr. Quellen. Leipzig, 1884-1890. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Wigger, F.= Geschichte d. Familie v. Bluecher. Schwerin, 1870-79. 2 Bde. 8{o}.

=Winkopp, P. A.=, Ed. D. Rheinische Bund. Frankfurt, 1806-12.

=Wohlwill, A.= D. Befreiung Hamburgs am 18 Maerz, 1813. Hamburg, 1888.

=Wolzogen, L. v.= Memoiren, aus dessen Nachlass unter Beifuegung offizieller militaer. Denkschriften mitgetheilt v. A. v. Wolzogen. Leipzig, 1851. 8{o}.

=Wuttke, H.= D. Voelkerschlacht bei Leipzig. Berlin, 1863. 8{o}.

=Ziehlberg, A. v. Ferdinande v. Schmettau=. Eine Erinnerg. aus dem Jahre 1813. Dessau, 1886. 8{o}.

=Zwiedineck-Suedenhorst, H. v.= Erzherzog Johann v. Oesterreich im Feldzuege v. 1809. Mit Benuetzg. der v. ihm hinterlassenen Acten u. Aufzeichngn., amtl. u. Privat-correspondenzen dargestellt. Mit 3 Plan-skizzen. Graz, 1829. 8{o}.

RUSSIA AND POLAND

=Bernhardi, Th. v.= Denkwuerdigkeiten a. d. Leben des kaiserl. russ. Generals v. d. Infanterie Carl Frdr. Grafen v. Toll. 2 verm. Aufl. Leipzig, 1865. 4 Bde.

=Bernhardi, Th. v.= Geschichte Russlands u. der europaeisch. Politik, 1814 bis 1831. Leipzig, 1863-77. 3 v. 8{o}. (Staatengesch. d. neuesten Zeit. Bde. 7, 21, 23.)

=Bloch, J. de=. Les finances de la Russie au XIXe siecle. Historique et statistique. 2 vol. 8{o}. Paris, 1900. Guillaumin.

=Bogdanowitsch, M.= Geschichte d. Krieges im Jahre 1813 fuer Deutschlands Unabhaengigkeit. Aus d. Russ. mit Genehmigung d. Autors von A. S. St. Petersburg, 1863-69. 2 Bde.

=Bonaparte, Louis=. Documents historiques et reflexions sur le gouvernement de la Hollande. (Nouv. ed.) Paris, 1820. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Bourgeois, R.= Tableau de la campagne de Moscou en 1812. Paris, 1814. 8{o}.

=Breaut, J., des Marlots=. 1812. Lettre d'un capitaine de cuirassiers sur la campagne de Russie. Publiee par J. A. Leher. Paris, 1885. 18{o}.

=Burkersroda, v.= D. Sachsen in Russland: ein Beitrag z. Geschichte des russ. Feldzugs im Jahre 1812, besond. im Bezug a. d. Schicksal d. K. Saechs. Truppen-Abtheil. bei d. grossen franzoes. Armee. Naumburg, 1846. 8{o}.

=Chambray, G.= Histoire de l'expedition de Russie, 1812. 3 ed. Paris, 1839. 8{o}.

=Choiseul-Gouffier, Comtesse de=. Reminiscences sur l'empereur Alexandre I et sur l'empereur Napoleon I. Paris, 1862. 8{o}.

=Czartoryski, A. G., Prince=. Memoirs and correspondence, with documents relative to the Prince's negotiations with Pitt, Fox, and Brougham, and an account of his conversations with Lord Palmerston and other Eng. statesmen in London, 1832. Ed. by A. Gielgud. 2 ed. London, 1888. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Czartoryski, A. G., Prince=. Memoires et correspondance avec l'empereur Alexandre I. Pref. de Ch. de Mazade. Paris, 1887. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Foerster, F.= Napoleon I russischer Feldzug, 1812. 3 Aufl. 1857.

=Foucart, P.= La campagne de Pologne: Pultusk et Golymin, nov., 1806,-jan., 1807, d'apres les archives de la guerre. Paris, 1882. 2 v. 12{o}.

=Gentz, F. de=. Depeches inedites du chevalier de Gentz aux hospodars de Valachie, pour servir a l'histoire de la politique europeenne (1813 a 1828), publiees par le comte Prokesch-Osten fils. Paris, 1876-77. 3 v. 8{o}.

=George, H. B.= Napoleon's Invasion of Russia. London, 1899. Unwin.

=Goethe, Thdr.= Aus d. Leben eines saechsischen Husaren u. aus dessen Feldzugen, 1809, 1812-13 in Polen u. Russland. Leipzig, 1853. 8{o}.

=Gourgaud, G.= Napoleon et la grande armee en Russie, ou examen critique de l'ouvrage de M. le Comte Ph. de Segur. 4e ed. Paris, 1827. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Guillaume, F.=, dit =Guillaume de Vaudoncourt=. Memoires pour servir a l'histoire de la guerre entre la France et la Russie en 1812. London et Paris, 1816 et 1817. 4{o}, et un petit vol. de planches.

=Helldorf=. Aus dem Leben des kaiserlich. russischen Generals d. Infanterie, Prinzen Eugen v. Wuerttemberg, aus dessen eigenhaendigen Aufzeichnungen so wie aus dem schriftlichen Nachlass seiner Adjuanten gesammelt u. hrsg. Berlin, 1861-62. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Joyneville, C.= Life and Times of Alexander I, Emperor of All the Russias. London, 1875. 3 v. 12{o}.

=Kobeko, D.= La jeunesse d'un tsar. Paul Ier et Catherine II. Ed. Dimitri de Benckendorff. Paris, 1896. 8{o}.

=Labaume, E.= Circumstantial narrative of the campaign in Russia, with plans of the battle of Moskwa and Malojaroslavetz, 1812. Tr. E. Boyce. 7 ed. London, 1816. 8{o}.

=Labaume, E.= Relation circonstantiee de la campagne de Russie en 1812. Ouvrage orne des plans de la bataille de la Moscowa et du combat de Malojaroslavetz. Paris, 1814. 8{o}.

=Leher, J. A.=, Ed. de Breaut des Marlots, J. Lettre d'un capitaine de cuirassiers sur la campagne de Russie, 1812. Paris, 1885. 12{o}.

=Lehmann, M.= Scharnhorst. 2 Thl. seit dem Tilsiter Frieden. Leipzig, 1887. 8{o}.

=Lossberg, H. v.= Briefe in d. Heimat geschrieben waehrend des Feldzuges 1812 in Russland: ein Beitrag z. Geschichte dieses Feldzuges. Cassel, 1844. 8{o}.

=Margueron=. Campagne de Russie. 8{o}. Paris, 1897. Charles-Lavauzelle.

=Meerheim, R. v.= Erlebnisse eines Veteranen d. grossen Armee waehrend des Feldzuges in Russland in 1812. Herausg. v. dessen Sohne R. v. Meerheim. Dresden, 1860. 8{o}.

=Miliutin=. Geschichte des Krieges Russlands mit Frankreich im Jahre 1799. Muenchen, 1856. 3 v. 8{o}.

=Minckwitz, A. v.= D. Brigade Thielmann in dem Feldzuge von 1812 in Russland. Hierzu ein (lith.) Situationsplan vom Schlachtfelde d. Schlacht an der Moskwa am 7 Sept., 1812. Dresden, 1879. 8{o}.

=Oginski, M. v.= Denkwuerdigkeiten ueb. Polen u. die Polen im Jahre 1788-1815. Deutsch v. F. Gleich. Leipzig, 1827. 2 Thle. 8{o}.

=Oginski, M. v.= Memoires sur la Pologne et les Polonais depuis 1788 jusqu'a la fin de 1815. Paris, 1826-27. 4 v. 8{o}.

=Porter, Sir R. Ker.= Narrative of the Campaign in Russia during 1812. London, 1815.

=Puibusque, L. G.= Lettres sur la guerre de Russie en 1812, sur la ville de St.-Petersbourg, les moeurs et les usages des habitants de la Pologne. 2 ed. Paris, 1817. 8{o}.

=Rambaud, A.= History of Russia from the earliest times to 1877. Tr. by L. B. Lang. London, 1879. 8{o}.

=Roeder, Frz.= D. Kriegszug Napoleons gegen Russland im Jahre 1812. Nach den besten Quellen u. seinen eigenen Tagebuechern dargestellt, nach d. Zeitfolge d. Begebenheiten, hrsg. v. K. Roeder. Leipzig, 1848. 8{o}.

=Roeder v. Bomsdorf, O. W. K.= Mittheil. aus d. Feldzug in Russland 1812, an einen Offizier des Generalstabes. Leipzig, 1816. 2 Thle. 8{o}.

=Rostopchin=, or =Rostoptchine, F.= Verite sur l'incendie de Moscou. Paris, 1823.

=Ruestow, W.= D. Krieg gegen Russland. Politisch-militaerisch Bearb. Zuerich, 1885. 2 Bde. 8{o}.

=Surruges, Abbe=. Lettres sur l'incendie de Moscou, ecrites de cette ville au R. P. Bouvet. 2 ed. Paris, 1823. 8{o}.

=Tatistcheff, S.= Alexandre I et Napoleon, d'apres leur correspondance inedite. 1801-12. Paris, 1891. 8{o}.

=Tchitchagoff, P.= Memoires inedits. Campagnes de la Russie, 1812, contre la Turquie, l'Autriche et la France. Berlin, 1855. 8{o}.

=Tolstoi, L.= Physiologie de la guerre. Napoleon et la campagne de Russie. Tr. par M. Delines. Paris, 1887. 12{o}.

=Wilson, Sir R.= Narrative of events during the invasion of Russia by Napoleon Bonaparte, and the retreat of the French army, 1812. Ed. by G. H. Randolph. London, 1860. 8{o}.

=Woronzow, S. R., Comte de=. Arkhiv kniazia Vorontsova, viii, ix. Boumagi gr. S. R. Vorontsova. Moskva, 1876. 3 t. 8{o}.

NETHERLANDS

=Grolmann, E. von=. Geschichte des Feldzugs von 1815 in den Niederlanden u. Frankreich, als Beitrag z. Kriegsgeschichte d. neueren Kriege. Hrsg. von Major v. Damitz. Berlin, 1837. 12 v. 8{o}.

=Kampen, van=. Geschichte der Niederlande. Hamburg, 1831-33. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Legrand, L.= La revolution francaise en Hollande: la republique Batave. Paris, 1894.

=Paquet, Syphorien=. Voyage historique et pittoresque fait dans les Pays-Bas et dans quelques departements voisins pendant les annees 1811, 1812 et 1813. Paris, 1813. 2 v. 12{o}.

SCANDINAVIAN POWERS

=Hochschild, C. F. L.= Desiree, reine de Suede et de Norvege. Paris, 1888. 16{o}.

=Schinkel, B. v.= Minnen ur Sveriges nyare historia. I{ra} afd. Bihang, 1, 2, 3. Upsala, 1881-83. 8{o}.

=Schmidt, Fr.= Schweden unter Karl XIV Johann. Heidelberg, 1842. 8{o}.

=Swederns, G.= Schwedens Politik u. Kriege in dem Jahre 1808-1814 vorzueglich unter Leitung des Kronprinzen Carl Johan. Deutsche, von dem verf. gaenzlich umgearb. Ausg. aus dem Schwed. von C. F. Frisch. Leipzig, 1866. 2 Thle. 8{o}.

=Thorsoe, A. D.= Danske stats-politiske historie fra 1800-1864. I. Tidsrummet, 1800-14. Kiobenhavn, 1873. 8{o}.

=Touchard-Lafosse, G.= Histoire de Charles XIV (Jean Bernadotte), roi de Suede et de Norvege. Paris, 1838. 3 v. 8{o}.

EGYPT

=Abdurrahman Gabarti=. Journal pendant l'occupation francaise en Egypte, suivi d'un precis de la meme campagne par Mou'allem Nicolas-el-Turki, tr. de l'arabe par A. Cardin. Paris, 1838. 8{o}.

=Bertrand, General H. G.=, Ed. Guerre d'Orient. Campagnes d'Egypte et de Syrie. Memoires pour servir a l'histoire de Napoleon dictes par lui-meme a Sainte-Helene et publies par le Gen. Bertrand. Paris, 1847. 2 v. 8{o}. Atlas fol.

=Boulay de la Meurthe, Comte=. Le directoire et l'expedition d'Egypte: Etude sur les tentatives du directoire pour communiquer avec Bonaparte, le secourir et le ramener. Paris, 1885. 12{o}.

=Copies= of original letters from the army of Gen. Bonaparte in Egypt, with an Eng. tr. London, 1798-1800. 3 parts. 12{o}.

=La Jonquiere, C.= L'Expedition d'Egypte (1798-1801). 2 v. 8{o}. Av. cartes. Paris, 1900-1901. Charles Lavauzelle.

=Nakoula-el-Turk=. Histoire de l'expedition des Francais en Egypte. Tr. et publ. par Desgranges. Paris, 1839. 8{o}.

=Pieces= officielles de l'armee d'Egypte. 2e partie. Par., an IX. 8{o}.

=Simon, E. T.= Correspondance de l'armee francaise en Egypte, interceptee par l'escadre de Nelson. Trad. en franc. Paris, an VII. 8{o}.

=Richardot, C.= Nouveaux memoires sur l'armee francaise en Egypte et en Syrie, ou la verite mise au jour sur les principaux faites et evenements de cette armee, la statistique du pays, les usages et les moeurs des habitants, avec le plan de la cote d'Aboukir a Alexandrie et a la tour des Arabes. Paris, 1848. 8{o}.

=Villiers du Terrage, E. de=. Journal et souvenirs sur l'expedition d'Egypte (1798-1801); publ. par le B{on} M. de Villiers du Terrage. 8{o}. Av. cartes et gravures. Paris, 1899. Plon.

=Wilson, Sir R. T.= History of the British expedition to Egypt. 2 ed. London, 1803. 4{o}.

THE BALKAN STATES

=Beer, A.= D. Orientalische Politik Oesterreichs seit 1774. Prague, 1883. 8{o}.

=Boppe, A.= Documents inedits sur les relations de la Serbie avec Napoleon I, 1809-14. Extrait de l'Otatchbina, livres XIX et XX. Belgrade, 1888. 8{o}.

=Zinkeisen=. Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches. Gotha, 1859. 8{o}.

SAINT HELENA

=Abell, Mrs. L. E. B.= Recollections of the emperor Napoleon during the first three years of his captivity. London, 1845. 12{o}.

=A Diary of St. Helena= (1816-1817). The journal of Lady Malcolm, containing the conversations of Napoleon with Sir P. Malcolm, ed. by Sir A. Wilson. 16{o}. London, 1899. Innes.

=Antommarchi, F.= Memoires; ou, Les derniers moments de Napoleon. Bruxelles, 1825. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Bingham, Gen. G. R.= Diary of Napoleon's Voyage to St. Helena. Blackwood's Magazine, Oct., 1896.

=Forsyth, W.= History of the captivity of Napoleon at St. Helena: from the letters and journals of Sir H. Lowe. London, 1853 3 v. 8{o}.

=Gourgaud, Gen. G. de=. Sainte-Helene: Journal inedit de 1815 a 1818. 2 v. 8{o}. Paris, 1899. Flammarion. Trad. en allem. par H. Conrad. 8{o}. Stuttgart, 1901. Lutz. Coll. Memoiren-Bibliothek.

=Las Cases, E. A. D. M. J., Marquis de=. Memorial de Sainte-Helene; ou, Jour. ou se trouve consigne, jour par jour, ce qui a dit et fait Napoleon durant dix-huit mois. Paris, 1823-24. 8 v. 8{o}.

=Lullin de Chateauvieux, J. F.= Manuscripts transmitted from St. Helena by an unknown channel. New York, 1817. 12{o}.

=Lullin de Chateauvieux, J. F.= Manuscrit venu de Sainte-Helene d'une maniere inconnue. 4 ed. Lond., 1817. 8{o}.

=Maitland, Sir F. L.= Narrative of the surrender of Buonaparte and of his residence on board the _Bellerophon_. 2 ed. London, 1826. 8{o}.

=Masson, F.= Autour de Sainte-Helene. Paris, 1909.

=Melliss, J. C.= St. Helena: a phys., hist., and topog. description of the island, incl. its geology, fauna, flora, and meteorology. London, 1875. 4{o}.

=Montchenu, Marquis de=. La captivite de Sainte-Helene, d'apres les rapports inedits, par G. Firmin-Didot. Paris, 1894. 8{o}.

=Montholon, C{tesse} de=. Souvenirs de Sainte-Helene (1815-1816); publ. sous les auspices du V{te} du Couedic de Kergoualer, son petit-fils, par le C{te} Fleury. Av. gravures. 18{o}. Paris, 1901. Paul.

=Montholon-Semonville, C. T. de=. History of the captivity of Napoleon at St. Helena. London, 1846-47. 4 v. 8{o}. American ed., Philadelphia, 1847. 8{o}.

=Montholon-Semonville, C. T. de=. Recits de la captivite de l'Empereur Napoleon a Sainte-Helene. Paris, 1847. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Napoleon I.= Memoires pour servir a l'histoire de France sous le regne de Napoleon, ecrits a Sainte-Helene par les generaux Gourgaud et Montholon, qui ont partage sa captivite. 2e ed., disposee dans un nouvel ordre et augmentee de chapitres inedits, etc. Paris, 1830. 9 v. 8{o}.

=O'Meara, B. E.= Napoleon dans l'exil; ou, Une voix de Sainte-Helene. Trad, par A. Roy. London, 1823. 2 v. 8{o}.

=O'Meara, B. E.= Napoleon in Exile; or, A Voice from St. Helena (1815-18). 2 ed. New York, 1853. 2 v. 8{o}.

=Recueil de pieces authentiques sur le captif de Sainte-Helene=, de memoires et documents ecrits ou dictes par l'Empereur Napoleon, suivis de lettres de MM. le grand marechal C{te} Bertrand, le C{te} de Las Cases, le Gen. B{on} Gourgaud, le Gen. C{te} Montholon. Paris, 1821-25. 12 v. 8{o}.

=Schlitter, H.= D. Berichte d. K. K. Commissars Bartholomaeus v. Stuermer aus St. Helena zur Zeit d. dortigen Internirung Napoleon Bonapartes, 1816-18. 8{o}. Wien, 1886. 8{o}.

=Warden, W.= Conduct and conversations of Napoleon Buonaparte and his suite during the voyage to St. Helena, and some months there. Albany, 1817. 12{o}.

INDEX

A

=Aachen=, _N.'s_ court at, ii. 329, 339, 350.

=Aalen=, the French position at, ii. 365.

=Abdullah Pasha=, routed at Esdraelon, ii. 71, 72.

=Aben, River=, military operations on the, iii. 207.

=Abensberg=, Lefebvre defeats the Austrians at, iii. 207; Oudinot ordered to, 208; battle of, 211.

=Aberdeen, Lord=, English envoy at Vienna, iii. 422.

=Abo=, Alexander's hint to Bernadotte at, iv. 55.

=Aboukir=, battle of, ii. 77-80, 97; trophies from, deposited at the Invalides, 147.

=Aboukir Bay=, battle of, ii. 62, 63.

=Abrantes=, Junot at, iii. 121.

=Abrantes, Duchesse d'=, friendship with _N._, i. 178, 283.

=Absolutism=, its growth in Europe, i. 67; its decline and abolition, 106-110, 119, 151; iv. 162, 250, 292.

=Academy, The=, ordered to occupy itself with literary criticism, iii. 26.

=Acken=, military operations near, iv. 21, 22, 25.

=Acqui=, military operations at, i. 354.

=Acre=, Phelippeaux at, i. 65; siege of, ii. 47, 70-76; the key of Palestine, 73; relief expedition from Constantinople to, 73-75; parley between Phelippeaux and _N._ at, 79; compared with Smolensk, iii. 340.

=Act of Mediation, the=, ii. 234.

=Acton, Sir J. F. E.=, rule of, in Naples, ii. 357.

=Adam, Albrecht=, on the French advance into Russia, iii. 337.

=Adam, Sir F.=, in battle of Waterloo, iv. 209.

=Adda, River=, military operations on the, i. 359, 381; ii. 172.

=Addington, Henry=, succeeds Pitt in the ministry, ii. 208; negotiates for peace, 210; belief in the peace of Amiens, 213; holds England to be arbiter of the Continent, 263; Continental policy, 263, 266, 267; appoints Lord Whitworth ambassador to Paris, 266; his influence undermined by Pitt, 292; driven from power, 337.

=Addison, Joseph=, on England's insular position, ii. 263.

=Additional Act, the=, iv. 160, 161, 166.

=Aderklaa=, Austrian advance through, iii. 219.

=Adige, River=, military operations on, i. 371, 379, 383-391, 406-414, 434, 442;