ii. 441;

difficulties with Mme. de Stael, iii. 297.

=Communal list, the=, ii. 126.

=Compiegne=, Spanish royal exiles at, iii. 148; meeting of the Emperor with his Austrian bride at, 257, 258, 261, 268; Bluecher besieges, iv. 84.

=Compignano, Countess of=. _See_ =Buonaparte, Marie-Anne-Elisa=.

=Compulsory loans=, ii. 134.

=Compulsory military service=, i. 213.

=Concordat, the=, ii. 207, 215, 301, 326 et seq., 402; iv. 259, 294, 296; service in honor of, ii. 215; its effect in France, 216; "the vaccine of religion," 216; contempt of the Army of the Rhine for, 235; the supposed sponsor for, 260; effect in Germany, 264; extension to Venice refused by Pius VII, iii. 68; Venetia admitted to, 118; undoing the work of, 119; rupture of, 306.

=Concordat of Fontainebleau=, the, iii. 391, 392.

=Conde=, evacuation of, i. 222.

=Conde, the Great=, ii. 301.

=Conde, Prince of=, ii. 308.

=Condorcet, J. A. N. de C.=, believer in equality of the sexes, ii. 226.

=Conegliano=, creation of hereditary duchy of, ii. 396; Moncey created Duke of, iii. 86. _See also_ =Moncey=.

=Confederation of the Rhine, the=, organization of, ii. 401-406, 417; Hesse-Cassel refused admission to, 442; levies of troops for France in, iii. 21, 196, 203, 322, 387, 394; recognized at Tilsit, 54; Saxony united with, 56; relations with France, 73, 74, 279, 382; additions to, 239; called to arms by Prussia, 398; proposed abandonment of French protectorate over, 407; proposed dissolution of, 415; proposed dynastic independence for sovereigns of, 422; purpose of the allies to free, iv. 21; resolved into its elements, 40; forced by allies to raise military contingents, 54.

=Confiscation=, opposition to the reintroduction of, ii. 242; principle of punishment by, iii. 295, 296.

=Coni=, surrendered to France, i. 355.

=Connewitz=, military operations near, iv. 27, 28.

=Consalvi, Cardinal=, negotiates the Concordat, ii. 207; memorialist of Pius VII, 347; dismissed from the papal service, 397.

=Conscription, the=, i. 275, 379; ii. 87, 93, 248, 306, 362, 409, 422; iii. 3, 21, 24, 25, 76, 77, 126, 132, 198, 291, 323, 326, 386, 387, 390, 414; iv. 21, 47-51, 99, 165; development of Carnot's scheme, ii. 93; _N.'s_ influence on the laws of, 248; how enforced, 306; Jewish evasions of the, iii. 76; Jews made subject to, 77.

=Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers=, founded, i. 281.

=Conservatory of Music=, reorganization of, i. 281.

=Constable=, creation of the office of, ii. 322.

=Constabulary=, abolition of the, i. 142.

=Constance, city of=, ceded to Baden, ii. 391.

=Constance, Lake=, the Austrian camp on, ii. 365.

=Constant=, _N.'s_ valet, iv. 134.

=Constant de Rebecque, Henri-Benjamin=, dreads a new Terror, ii. 94; member of the tribunate, 151, 242; driven from the tribunate, 243; president of the council of state, iv. 159; supports the chambers, 217.

=Constantine, Grand Duke=, in battle of Austerlitz, ii. 386, 387; Bennigsen writes to, after Friedland, iii. 32; leader of the peace party, 35; at Tilsit, 52; with the Army of the South, iv. 3.

=Constantine the Great=, _N._ likened to, ii. 329.

=Constantinople=, proposal to send _N._ to, i. 296; _N.'s_ eye on, 423; proposed mission for Talleyrand to, ii. 66; Russia to aid in defense of, 73; _N._ given leave to march on, 72, 73; fleet sent to relief of Acre from, 73, 74; Russian ambition to acquire, 356; iii. 28, 64, 108, 113; a British fleet at, 20; French influence at, 33, 99; proposed disposition of, after Tilsit, 55; revolution in, 162; England threatens to bombard, 321.

=Constitutional checks=, i. 106.

=Constitution of 1799=, prohibition against First Consul's military leadership, ii. 162.

=Consular Guard, the=, at Marengo, ii. 179, 180; strengthening of, 277.

=Consulate=, proposed formation of a, ii. 102; a disguised monarchy, iv. 287.

=Continental System, the=, ii. 288, 375, 400; iii. 98, 101, 160, 165, 197, 239, 249, 255, 262-281, 283, 287, 294, 303, 304, 310, 316, 323, 328-330, 377, 409, 420, 425; iv. 294; England's policy against, iii. 100-102.

=Copenhagen=, battle of, ii. 209; bombardment of, iii. 70, 97-100, 280.

=Coppet=, Mme. de Stael's residence at, ii. 411; iii. 298.

=Corday, Charlotte=, assassination of Marat, i. 234.

=Cordova=, French capture and abandonment of, iii. 156.

=Corfu=, _N._ proposes to seize, i. 447; France's jealous care of, ii. 32; Adm. Brueys ordered to, 62; blockade of, 67; Russian occupation of, 353, 356, 357, 405; French occupation of, iii. 99, 109, 111; English naval watch on, 111; proposed expedition to Egypt from, 114.

=Corizier=, wounded at Acre, ii. 76.

=Corneille, Pierre=, _N.'s_ study of, iii. 173; iv. 231.

=Cornet=, starts the proceedings of the 18th Brumaire, ii. 103.

=Cornwallis, Lord Charles=, character, ii. 263; negotiates the treaty of Amiens, 263.

=Cornwallis, Adm. William=, junction of Nelson and, before Brest, ii. 359.

=Corona=, military operations at, i. 410, 414.

=Correggio, A. A.=, plunder of the works of, i. 369, 374.

=Corsica=, external relations, i. 8-16, 24, 26; physical features and population, 8-16, 39, 263; Rousseau's views on, 9, 19; the Buonaparte family in, 8, 27 et seq.; feudalism in, 9, 18; Paoli's share in history of, 15 et seq., 117-125, 127, 130, 132, 196-198, 204-207; national heroes and patriotism in, 14, 42, 115, 117; Jews in, 16; French schemes concerning, expeditions against, and occupations of, 16-25, 79, 120, 122, 125, 154, 165, 201-208, 261, 342, 403, 421; _N.'s_ love for, residences in, schemes concerning, and peculiar relations to, 17-19, 50-53, 58, 81, 82, 87-92, 96, 112, 116, 117, 122-124, 133, 160-170, 183-187, 209-211, 233, 253, 254, 257, 340, 341; ii. 158, 250; Montesquieu's views on, i. 19; joins the Bourbon-Hapsburg alliance, 21; ceded by Genoa to France, 22; England's interests in, protectorate over, conquest and abandonment of, 23, 119, 124, 196, 205-208, 256-262, 402, 421; disaffection, riots, and rebellion in, 25, 42, 83, 111-122, 139, 147, 166-170, 198, 254, 403; compared with Sardinia, 25; _N.'s_ history of, 76, 86, 91-98; introduction of silkworm culture into, 80; the betrayal of, 98; the Revolution in, 111-122; scheme of liberation, 112 et seq.; plan for elective council in, 114; rival parties and classes, schemes and intrigues in, 114-122, 162, 163, 166, 169-170, 185, 190, 199-210; desired reforms for, 116; representation in the National Assembly, 116-122; the council of twelve nobles in, 118; Genoa's claims to, 120, 121, 126; ecclesiastical and religious troubles, 128, 162, 168; democracy in, 131; meeting of the constituent assembly at Orezza, 131-134; Bastia declared the capital, 134; the National Guard in, 133, 139, 157-159, 185, 192; _N._ leaves for Auxonne, 141; _N._ mobbed in, 147; customs in, 158; _N._ leaves, 170; expedition against Sardinia from, 189-193; enforcement of the Convention's decrees in, 197; Salicetti deserts the cause of, 201; _N._ appointed inspector-general of artillery for, 202; new commissioners sent to, 204; the Buonapartes leave, 207; success of revolt against the Convention, 216; Convention commission for, 219; _N.'s_ expedition against, 233, 256-258, 262; employment of refugees from, 252; Salicetti blamed for insurrection in, 254; wretched internal plight, 260; charges against refugees from, 263; _N.'s_ last visit to, ii. 82.

=Corsican Feuillants, the=, i. 163.

=Corsican Jacobins, the=, i. 163.

=Corso, Cape=, Paoli's landing at, i. 125.

=Corte=, the town of, i. 15; removal of seat of government from, 25; Carlo Buonaparte at, 29-32; a Paolist center, 116; Joseph Buonaparte at, 161; _N._ ordered to, 186, 203; meeting between Paoli and _N._ at, 190; _N._ a suspect at, 202.

=Corunna=, the junta of, iii. 158; Moore's retreat to, and death at, 189; England's tardiness at, 192.

=Cossacks=, military achievements of, iii. 9, 10, 13, 20; harass the retreating French army, 362, 364; relieve Hamburg, 402; in battle of Leipsic, iv. 29; in the campaign of 1814, 62; advance to Nemours and Fontainebleau, 72; at the battle of Laon, 79; fears of, in Paris, 108.

=Costa=, letter from _N._ to, i. 186; letter from Lucien to, 186.

=Council of Ancients=, the, i. 270.

=Council of Juniors=, the, i. 270.

=Council of State, the=, ii. 127, 149-152; stripped of its supremacy, 247; approves _N.'s_ action against the Duc d'Enghien, 305; its functions, iii. 83.

="Count of Essex," the=, i. 86.

="Courier," the London=, publishes Spanish manifesto of _N._, iii. 283.

=Coustou, Abbe=, attends Carlo Buonaparte's death-bed, i. 64.

=Coxe's "Travels in Switzerland,"= _N.'s_ study of, i. 150.

=Cracow=, ceded to the grand duchy of Warsaw, iii. 239; Schwarzenberg seeks shelter in, 393.

=Crance, Dubois de=, i. 223; reorganization of the French armies by, 325; organizes national conscription, 379.

=Craonne=, battle of, iv. 78.

=Crema=, withdrawal of the Austrians from Milan to, ii. 173.

=Croatia=, Austrian recruiting in, i. 386; part of, ceded to France, iii. 239.

=Cromwell, Oliver=, _N._ disclaims the role of, ii. 112, 117; the need of a second, in France, 119; _N._ compared with, 230.

=Cronstadt=, Alexander fears for, iii. 98.

=Crosne=, Sieyes accepts the estate of, ii. 130.

=Crottendorf=, military operations near, iv. 28.

=Crusades, the=, ii. 46.

=Cuneo=, associated with _N._ in Corsica, i. 117.

=Custine, Gen. A. P.=, occupies Frankfort, i. 194; defeat of, 194.

=Cyprus=, Sir Sidney Smith puts into, ii. 82.

="Cyrus,"= by Chenier, ii. 350.

=Czartoryski, A. G.=, memoirs of, ii. 356; Russian minister of foreign affairs, 356; on the Russian policy in 1805, 381; friendship with Alexander I, ii. 445; iii. 309, 383; on the hereditary disease of the Romanoffs, iii. 50; retirement of, 309; schemes in regard to restoration of Poland, 309, 315, 383; transfers faith from Alexander to _N._, iii. 315.

=Czernicheff, Count=, aide-de-camp to Alexander I, iii. 329; _N._ offers terms to, 329.

D

=Dagobert=, _N._ in the iron chair of, ii. 328.

=Dalberg, Archbishop=, scheme to unify the German Church, ii. 402; Prince-Primate, 402; at the Erfurt conference, iii. 171; receives Ratisbon in exchange for Frankfort principality, 266; his territory erected into a grand duchy for Eugene, 322; estimate of _N.'s_ influence, 322; characterization of Talleyrand, iv. 107; at peace council in Paris, 114; member of the executive commission, 114, 115; attainted, 157.

=Dalmatia=, ceded to Austria at Leoben, i. 438; alterations of boundaries near, ii. 21; ceded by Austria to Italy, 391; creation of hereditary duchy of, 395; assigned by _N._ to Italy, 405; _N._ offers to exchange, iii. 22; French dominion recognized at Tilsit, 54; Soult created duke of, 86 (_see also_ =Soult=); French strength in, 113; proposed surrender of, to Austria, iv. 407.

=Dalrymple, Sir H. W.=, retired from active service, iii. 186.

=Damascus=, garrison of El Arish ordered to, ii. 69; reinforcements for Acre from, 71.

=Danican, Auguste=, royalist leader, i. 298; the 13th Vendemiaire, 302.

=Danilevsky=, on the allies reaching Paris, iv. 110.

=Danton, G. J.=, becomes head of the Jacobin commune, i. 187; member of the National Convention, 188; dictator of France, 194; overawes the Girondists, 234; murder of, 250.

=Dantzic=, military movements near, iii. 7, 10, 13; siege of, 12, 19; surrender of, 22, 28; freedom restored to, 56; independence of, 73; Lefebvre created Duke of, 86 (_see also_ =Lefebvre=); Davout ordered to hold, 266; French military stores in, 333; Murat's position at, untenable, 385; measures for the relief of, 393; held by the French, 402; Rapp commanding at, 402; proposed new capital for Prussia, 409; proposed division of the domain, 409; proposed cession of, to Prussia, 415, 423.

=Danube River, the=, rebellion against Turkey on, ii. 48; Kray retreats toward, 166; proposed Indian expeditions via, 209; military operations on, 363, 366, 367, 441; iii. 105, 113, 117, 163, 202-204, 206, 210, 212, 213, 216-221, 226, 227, 314; Mack essays to cross at Guenzburg, ii. 366; the French march from the Rhine to, 376; annihilation of Mortier on, 378; _N.'s_ line of retreat to, 425; Russian successes on the lower, iii. 20; _N._ plans redistribution of territories on, 50; proposed Russian acquisitions on, 55; topographical features, 217; the crossing at Lobau, 217, 218, 221, 226, 227; defeat of Russians by Turks on, 248; Russia warned not to cross, 314; Russian successes on, 320; withdrawal of Russian troops from, 321; effect of the rising of, at Essling, 383.

=Danubian Principalities=, proposed partition of, iii. 50; Alexander's ambition to acquire, 105, 108, 116, 117; _N._ offers to exchange them for Silesia, 106, 108, 112. _See also_ =Moldavia=; =Wallachia=.

=Dardanelles, the=, Alexander I's scheme for seizing, ii. 356.

=Darmagnac, Gen.=, invades Navarre, iii. 132; seizes Pamplona, 132.

=Darmstadt=, relations with Russia, ii. 266; strengthening of, 266; quota of men, 404.

=Daru, P. A. N.=, advises wintering in Moscow, iii. 352.

=Daunou, P. C. F.=, dreads a new Terror, ii. 94; ideas of government, 127; named as consul, 130; member of the tribunate, 151; influence on the Consulate, 195; driven from the tribunate, 243; attempt to admit him to the senate, 243; upholds Machiavelli's theses concerning the Church of Rome, iii. 262.

=Dauphiny=, the peasantry of, i. 143; _N._ travels in, 143; revolutionary feeling among the clergy of, 143, 152; anti-royalist feeling in, iv. 154.

=David, Abbe=, arrest of, ii. 296.

=David, Jacques L.=, painter, ii. 351.

=Davidowich, Gen. P.=, defeated at Roveredo, i. 384, 385; strength in the Tyrol, 387; defeats Vaubois, 387, 388, 392; retreats to the Tyrol, 392.

=Davout, Gen. L. N.=, service in Egypt, ii. 53, 323; service in the Army of England, 291; created marshal, 323; character, 364; iii. 93; watches the Russian army, ii. 366; in battle of Austerlitz, 380, 382, 386, 387; at Nordhalben, 428; at Naumburg, 429; in battle of Jena, 430-434; captures Wittenberg, 436; sacks Poland, 440; at Golynim, iii. 5; strength in Poland, 7; in the Eylau campaign, 13, 15-17; in battle of Heilsberg, 29; pursues Lestocq from Friedland, 31-33; created Duke of Auerstaedt, 86; income, 87; _N.'s_ opinion of, 93; recalled from Poland to Silesia, 165; commanding in Saxony, 198; Archduke Charles plans to attack, 198; his command in the fifth Austrian war, 202; forces in Stettin, Bayreuth, Hanover, and Magdeburg, 202; to concentrate at Bamberg, 203; commanding on the Isar, 204; Archduke Charles marches against, 205; to concentrate at Ingolstadt, 204-207; movements before Ratisbon, 205; on the Laber, 207; in battle of Eckmuehl, 208; forces back Archduke Charles, 208; battles of Aspern and Essling, 220-222; battle of Wagram, 230, 231; ordered to hold Baltic positions, 266; revenue of, 296; occupies Swedish Pomerania, 321; letter from _N._, 324; strength, March, 1812, 324; reproved for his reports of Prussia, 326; slowness of action at opening of the Russian campaign, 336; drives Bagration eastward, 338; battle of Borodino, 344; on the retreat from Moscow, 357-359, 363; battle of Wiazma, 359; at Krasnoi, 365; division commander under Eugene, 393; in campaign of 1813, 402; occupies Hamburg, 407, 413; Vandamme goes to his assistance, 413; to threaten Berlin, iv. 2; _N.'s_ instructions to, 5; mediocrity of his troops, 20; besieged in Hamburg, 55; invited to join in insurrection, 149; member of _N.'s_ new cabinet, 159; advises _N._ after Waterloo, 217; suggests _N.'s_ use of force, 218.

="Day of the Paris sections, the,"= i. 302-312.

=Debry, J. A. J.=, _N.'s_ friendship with, i. 293; ii. 88, 89; member of Congress of Rastatt, 88; wounded at Rastatt, 88, 89; accusations against, 89.

=De Bussy=, in the La Fere regiment, iv. 78; gives _N._ worthless information at Craonne, 78.

=Decadi=, decadence of the festival, ii. 258.

=Decres, Adm.=, French minister of marine, ii. 291; letter from _N._, Sept. 13, 1805, 291; warns _N._ against his career of conquest, iii. 325; member of _N.'s_ new cabinet, iv. 159.

=Defermon, J.=, ii. 214.

=Dego=, battle of, i. 352, 353, 355; iv. 65.

=Deichsel River=, Bluecher retreats behind the, iv. 7.

=Delacroix=, French minister of foreign affairs, i. 449; French agent in the Netherlands, ii. 38.

=Demagogues=, disgust with, in France, ii. 134.

=De Maistre=, _N._ refutes his theory of social order, iii. 89; on the supineness of Pius VII, 264.

=Democracy=, a pure, i. 131, 397; Germany's opposition to, 247; its good and bad qualities, iv. 265.

=Denfort=, royalist intrigues of, iv. 107.

=Denmark=, joins the "armed neutrality," ii. 194; iii. 46, 66; proposed commercial war against England, 55; _N._ calls for alliance with, 66; importance of her sea power, 69; ordered to declare war against England, 69; England offers to seize her fleet, 69; refuses England's offer, 69; yields to Bernadotte, 70; losses of Norway, Schleswig, and Holstein, 70; yields to England, 70; humiliation of, 70; vassalage to France, 70, 279; England seeks to conciliate, 98; bombardment of Copenhagen, 97-100, 280; Alexander I demands reparation for, 100; _N._ urges England's restoration of her fleet, 104; Spanish troops in, 159; seizure of American ships by, 275; hostility to England, 280; holds Norway, 280; friendly to France, 281; despatches troops to Hamburg, 407; shifts her assistance from Russia to France, 407; strengthening the alliance between France and, 421.

=Dennewitz=, battle of, iv. 18, 19.

=Denon, D. V.=, accompanies _N._ on his return from Alexandria, ii. 81.

=Departmental list, the=, ii. 126.

=De Pradt=, in charge of Polish affairs, iii. 375; interview between _N._ and, at Warsaw, 375, 382; royalist intrigues of, iv. 106, 108.

=Desaix, Louis-Charles-Antoine=, a product of Carnot's system, i. 332; crosses the Rhine near Strasburg, 440; defeats the Austrians in the Black Forest, 440; service in Egypt, ii. 53, 60, 78, 81; battle of the Pyramids, 60; ordered to leave Egypt, 81, 177; reaches Stradella, 177; battle of Marengo, 176-186; killed, 181, 187; contrasted with Ney, iv. 213.

=Desenzano=, military operations near, i. 411.

=Desgenettes, Dr.=, heroism at Jaffa, ii. 75.

=Des Mazis=, _N.'s_ friendship for, i. 62, 65; appointed to the regiment of La Fere, 66.

=Dessau=, captured by Lannes, ii. 436.

=Dessolles, Gen.=, ii. 164.

"=Destiny=," _N.'s_, i. 79.

=Deutsch-Wagram=, Archduke Charles advances to, iii. 218. _See also_ =Wagram=.

=D'Hilliers, Gen.=, service in Egypt, ii. 53.

="Dialogue on Love,"= by _N._, i. 77, 145.

=Diderot, Denis=, co-author with Raynal, i. 75.

=Diebitsch, Gen. H. K. F. A.=, encounters a Prussian force, iii. 384; military adviser to Alexander, iv. 98.

=Dieppe=, landing of the Cadoudal conspirators near, ii. 298.

=Diet, the=, reduction of Austria's power in, ii. 193.

=Digeon, Gen. A. E. M.=, seduced by Marmont, iv. 125.

=Digne=, _N.'s_ march through, on return from Elba, iv. 154.

=Dijon=, _N._ visits, i. 146; formation of an army of reserve at, ii. 140; surrenders to the allies, iv. 67; Francis in, 113, 128.

=Diodorus Siculus=, _N.'s_ study of, i. 78.

=Diplomacy=, the language of, i. 21.

=Dippoldiswalde=, military movements near, iv. 11.

=Directory, the=, establishment of, i. 270, 305, 309, 329-331; social life under, 280, 281; Europe and, 324-338; financial war policy, 340; assumes to dictate military plans, 348, 354; plans to belittle _N._, 363, 372; entrusts _N._ with diplomatic powers, 364; yields to _N.'s_ plans, 364, 373; contributions sent to, 366, 367; plans for campaign in Germany, 384; attitude toward Italy, 397-405; _N.'s_ relations with, 363-373, 397-405, 419, 422-427, 439, 441, 451;