iii. 45-49, 55, 64-65, 67, 71, 99, 102, 109, 165, 239, 265,

268, 280, 284, 293-294, 303, 304, 307, 328, 420 (_see also_ =Berlin Decree=; =Continental System=; =Milan Decree=); Portugal forced to withdraw from alliance with, ii, 205; reply to the "armed neutrality," 209; _N.'s_ demands for colonial cessions, 210; concludes peace with France, Oct. 1, 1801, 211; retains Ceylon and Trinidad, 211; treaty of Amiens, 210, 263, 266, 270, 273 et seq.; iv. 264; treaty of commerce with the United States, 1794, ii. 212; recognizes neutrality of United States, 212; attempts to put down San Domingo insurrection, 237; surrender of Rochambeau to, 237; schemes for restoration of Charles X in, 240; to evacuate Egypt, 262; Paul I's antipathy to, 263; efforts to discredit France in Europe, 264 et seq.; disapproves _N.'s_ reconstruction of Europe, 266; appoints Lord Whitworth ambassador to Paris, 267; refuses to admit French consuls, 270; protests against the slave-trade, 269; commerce of, 269, 276; iii. 46, 49, 120, 265-268, 280, 288, 294, 309, 316, 424; iv. 41; position with regard to the Alien Act, ii. 171; freedom of the press in, 270; complaints against, of harboring emigrants and Bourbons, 271; attacks of the French press on, 271, 294; _N._ attempts to muzzle the press in, 270, 356; _N.'s_ answer to remonstrances from, 272; occupation of Alexandria, 280; suspects France's war preparations, 280, 282; _N.'s_ treatment of her representative, 280; the royal message of March 8, 1803, 282; the militia called out, March 10, 1803, 282; diplomatic rupture with France, 285; publication of Lord Whitworth's despatches in, 284; declares war against France, May 18, 1803, 285; declares embargo on French ships, 287; commencement of hostilities, 287; attacks Spanish commerce, 289; panic in, 290; plans for defense, 291, 329; puts Caraccioli to death, 300; interest in Jacobin insurrection, 300; active diplomacy in, 301; the Duc d'Enghien seeks to enter the service of, 302; _N.'s_ attempt to fix the death of Duc d'Enghien on, 311; Pitt's return to power, 329; nature of the war with, 329; expulsion of her envoys from Stuttgart and Munich, 330; naval aid from Portugal, 332; war with Spain, Dec., 1804, 332; acquires Trinidad, 332; blockades Brest, 333; Addington succeeded by Pitt, 337; justice of the war with, 352; European alliances, 351; bad faith of, 351; _N._ insists on no asylum for the Bourbons in, 356; fails to secure Prussia's alliance, 358; _N.'s_ policy toward, 360; author of the Third Coalition, 360; Mack's ideas of her invading France, 365; naval shortcomings, 370; battle of Trafalgar, 373-376; reception of the news of Austerlitz in, 393; lethargy after Trafalgar, 399; declares war against Prussia, 400; Fox assumes power, 400; _N._ considers peace with, 400; Lord Yarmouth's negotiations, 404; _N._ offers European territory to, 404, 405; end of negotiations with, 405; alliance with Prussia and Russia, 406; demands the surrender of Sicily, 405; proposal to give Hanover to, 418, 420; state of war with Prussia, 422; her vulnerable point, iii. 441; "enemy's ships make enemy's goods," 441; the soul of continental coalitions, 441; right of search and impressment, ii. 441; iii. 48, 100; Orders in Council, ii. 441; iii. 48, 100, 101, 265, 267, 272, 321, 378; Turkey declares war against, iii. 20; sends fleet to Constantinople, 20; refuses subsidy to Russia, 20; Afghanistan incited against, 21; Persia stirred up against, 21; proposal for a new coalition, 22; naval operations in the Baltic, 24, 35, 36, 97, 98, 117; withholds subsidies, 35; troops in Pomerania, 36; Alexander promises to oppose, 41; opposed to Prussia's neutrality, 44; necessity for _N.'s_ humbling, 44-49; France declares war against (1793), 47; "All the Talents" ministry, 46; Duke of Portland's ministry, 46; commercial rivalry with the United States, 46; the "rule of 1736," 46; understanding with the United States, 47; declares blockade from Brest to the Elbe, 42; war with France (1803), 47; decline of manufactures, 47; failure of commercial negotiations with Sweden and Russia, 48; French demands on, 55; Russia to mediate between France and, 55; seizes the Portuguese fleet, 67; gains entrance to and is expelled from Leghorn, 67; offers to seize Denmark's fleet, 69; Denmark ordered to declare war against, 69; threatens to make Spanish South American colonies independent, 71; bombards Copenhagen, 70; enmity of Alexander I to, 70; Parliament compared with the French tribunate, 83; decadence of primogeniture in, 84; seeks to conciliate Denmark, 98; Egyptian expedition, 100; expedition to Buenos Ayres, 100; Russia declares war against, 100, 102, 105; retaliates on Russia by Orders in Council, 100; announces blockade of European ports, 100, 101; decline of trade with the United States, 101; the war of 1812, 102, 322; Austria's secret sympathy with, 104; _N._ urges her restoration of the Danish fleet, 104; _N.'s_ desire for peace with, 104, 112, 159, 271, 392; iv. 46; contempt for the blockade, iii. 109; withdraws troops from Sicily, 111; sends troops to Portugal, 111, 120, 122, 157, 283, 284; supposed assistance to Sweden, 114; proposed menace to, 113; blockades the Russian fleet, 117; promised cooeperation of the Papal States against, 118; Portugal enforces the Berlin and Milan decrees against, 119; fate of her allies, 121; supports the House of Braganza, 121; outbreak of the Peninsular war, 123; benefits accruing from the troubles in Spain, 131; scheme to capture Cadiz, 133, 155; negotiations with Austria, 163; proposed humiliation of, 170; plans of _N._ and Alexander at Erfurt concerning, 177; _N._ fears an alliance between Turkey and, 177; exasperated at the capitulation of Cintra, 186; supposed plan to abandon Portugal, 187; tardiness at Corunna, 192; offers to subsidize Austria, 194; Austria appeals for assistance to, 225; escape of the Duke of Brunswick to, 234; expedition to Flushing, 236-237; necessity of bringing her to terms, 249; _N.'s_ allegations against, 260; the lesson of Trafalgar, 264; paper blockade by, 268; the neutralization system, 267; licenses violations of the Orders in Council, 267; Louis opens negotiations with, 271; rejects Fouche's agent, 271; loss of trade with Portugal, Spain, and Triest, 272; threatened with loss of trade with Hanseatic towns and Holland, 272; United States prohibition of commercial intercourse with, 274; the Walcheren expedition, 272, 284, 294; _N._ proposes that she withdraw the Orders in Council of 1807, 272; proposal that she send joint expedition with France to establish Louis XVIII in America, 271; seizure of American ships by, 273; Fouche's English-Dutch conspiracy, 273; destruction of her wares on the French borders, 279; Denmark's hostility to, 280; divided councils in, 284; expedition to Sicily, 284, 294; finds support in Spanish popular feeling, 283; strength of forces in the Peninsula, 284; attitude toward affairs in the Peninsula, 288; depreciation of the currency, 294; expedition to Spain, 294; Mme. de Stael in, 299; _N._ hopes to meet her on the sea, 304; threatened with bankruptcy, 304; exchange of prisoners with, 307; her colonial interests, 309; Russia opens her ports to, 316; refuses _N.'s_ offer of peace in Spain, 319; armistice with Russia, 321; threatens to bombard Constantinople, 321; under Castlereagh's leadership, 328; to be driven from Spain, 328; arouses Sweden against France, 350; negotiates peace between Turkey and Russia, 350; distracted condition of politics in, 377; naval defeats, 378, 379; United States declares war against, 378; assassination of Mr. Perceval, 378; negotiates treaty between Russia and Spain, July, 1812, 392-393; in grand European coalition against _N._, 392; Metternich's negotiations with, 395; returns to Pitt's policy, 399; abandons Hanoverian schemes, 399; proposal to bleed her colonies, 408; proposed isolation of, 408; the allies' reliance on, 422; guarantees a war loan, 417; treaty with Prussia, June 14, 1813, 417; treaty with Russia, June 15, 1813, 417; issues paper money, 417; to be kept out of the continental peace, 419; Metternich proposes that she continue the war, 419, 420; commercial agreement with Sweden, 424; influence in Holland, iv. 30, 41; determination to crush France, 31; at the Congress of Frankfort, 41; proposal that she hand back French colonies, 41; "maritime rights," 41, 45; prolongation of the war in Spain, 51, 52; desire to establish equilibrium in Europe, 67; signs treaty of Chaumont, 76; effect of the triple alliance on, 76; troops occupy Bordeaux, 87; party to the treaty of Fontainebleau (April, 1814), 133; distinction in, between the two Napoleons, 133; _N._ contemplates taking refuge in, 135; _N.'s_ eulogy of her civilization and chivalry, 140; negotiates secret treaty with Austria and France, 145; regency in, 161; lack of suitable leaders in, 161; her dynastic alliances, 161, 162; effects of _N.'s_ restoration on, 162; member of the Vienna Coalition, 164; campaign of Waterloo, 170-173; losses at Waterloo, 214; claims the glory of annihilating _N._, 214; watches the harbor of Rochefort, 220; _N._ throws himself on the generosity of, 221; reasons for _N.'s_ surrender to, 222-223, 227; asylum for political refugees, 223; intolerance of death penalty for political offenses, 225; resolves to banish _N._, 225-229; _N._ desires to acquire citizenship in, 226; sympathy for _N._ in, 227, 230; passes special acts for government of St. Helena, 228; _N.'s_ last wishes for, 233; the Seven Years' War, 261, 297; character of the wars with France, 265; _N.'s_ struggles with, 297; wars with the United States, 300.

=English Channel, the=, marching French troops to, ii. 24; naval operations in, 52; obstacles to _N.'s_ crossing, 291; _N.'s_ hope to hold, 332; French plans for seizing, 334; Villeneuve ordered to, 359; Villeneuve's attempt to enter, 371.

=Enns, River=, military operations on the, ii. 367; iii. 216.

=Entail=, restoration of the right of, iii. 82; abolition of the law of, 84.

=Enzersdorf=, military operations near, iii. 219, 220, 227.

=Enzersfeld=, military movements near, iii. 217.

=Epernay=, captured by the allies, iv. 94.

="Epochs of My Life,"= i. 82.

=Eppes=, Marmont at, iv. 79.

=Equality=, _N.'s_ affectation of love for, ii. 30; one of the meanings of the word, 221.

=Equality of citizenship=, decreed, i, 110.

=Erasmus=, tomb of, iv. 247.

=Erding=, battle of, iii. 211.

=Erfurt=, military movements near, ii. 425; the Duke of Brunswick at, 427; fall of, 436; meeting of _N._ and Alexander at, iii. 170 et seq.; treaty of, 177, 236, 244, 248, 315; _N.'s_ maladroitness at, 177, 178; _N.'s_ vacillation at, 180, 181; the conference at, 193, 194; Alexander redeems his promise made at, 236; offered to Alexander and refused by him, 288; the throne of, offered to the Duke of Oldenburg, 307; Alexander offers to exchange Oldenburg for, 328; French troops ordered to, 328; French forces at, 393; _N._ goes to, 401; plan of winter quarters at, iv. 23; Saxon and Bavarian troops at, 35; Murat deserts at, 56.

=Erlon, Gen. d.=, in the Waterloo campaign, iv. 170, 176, 186; battle of Quatre Bras, 181-187; _N.'s_ expression of indignation at Ney to, 187; battle of Waterloo, 200, 202, 206.

=Erskine, Lord=, on England's attitude with regard to France, ii. 144.

=Escoiquiz, Canon=, tutor to Ferdinand VII, iii. 124; letter to _N._, Oct. 12, 1808, 124, 127; defends Ferdinand's position, 143; notified by _N._ of Ferdinand's deposition, 145; infamy of, 150.

=Escorial=, Godoy's intrigues at the, iii. 127; Charles IV a virtual prisoner in, 142.

=Escudier, J. F.=, commissioner of the National Convention, i. 219.

=Esdraelon=, battle on the plains of, ii. 72.

=Esla, River=, military movements on the, iii. 188.

=Espagne, Gen. J. L. B.=, in battle of Aspern, iii. 220.

=Espinosa=, defeat of Blake at, iii. 185.

=Essarts, Ledru des=, evacuates Meaux, iv. 99; seduced by Marmont, 125.

="Essay on Revolutions"= (Chateaubriand's), ii. 259.

=Essen, Gen. H. H.=, in campaign of Eylau, iii. 13.

=Essenbach=, military operations near, iii. 206.

=Essling=, battle of, iii. 219-222, 225-228, 232; _N._ exposes himself at, 240-241; effect of rising of the river at, 383.

=Essling, Prince of=. _See_ =Massena=.

=Essonne, River=, military operations on the, iv. 116.

=Essonnes=, _N._ at, iv. 105; Marmont at, 124; Marmont's defection at, 128.

=Establishment of St. Louis=, the female academy at St. Cyr, i. 182. _See also_ =St. Cyr=.

=Estates, the=, meetings at Versailles, i. 96, 107.

=Estates, the three=, i. 44; in the seventeenth century, 107.

=Estates-General=, meetings of the, i. 86, 106, 107; fusion of the three bodies, 108; troops ordered to control the, 108.

=Esterhazy, Prince=, at the marriage of Maria Louisa, iii. 256.

=Etoges=, battle of, iv. 65; military movements near, 64, 94.

=Etruria=, creation of the kingdom of, ii. 205; death of King Louis, 233; iii. 67; exchanged for Louisiana, ii. 272; under French protection, 357; _N._ calls for alliance with, iii. 66; neutrality of, 66; scheme to incorporate in Italy, 120; proposal that Lucien take the crown of, 129; abdication of the Queen Regent, 128; incorporated into the kingdom of Italy, 129; the crown offered to Ferdinand VII, 145; _N.'s_ disposition of, 164.

=Ettenheim=, residence of the Duc d'Enghien at, ii. 302; reputed emigrant conspiracy at, 303; Ordener's expedition to, 304; arrest of the Duc d'Enghien at, 305; Caulaincourt's mission to, iii. 107.

=Eulen Mountains=, military movements near, iv. 413.

=Euphrates=, proposed military operations on the, iii. 113.

=Europe=, movement of civilization in, i. 2; the revolutionary epoch and spread of revolutionary ideas in, 2, 100 et seq.; ii. 44, 86, 156; absolutism, its decay and abolition, i. 67; iii. 278; iv. 162, 254, 292; aroused feelings, concerted movements, and coalitions against France, i. 142, 325, 441; ii. 51, 67, 86, 90, 136, 142, 145, 194, 209, 330, 348; iii. 72, 106, 377, 382, 394, 396, 400, 417;