iii. 178, 311, 328, 331, 385, 419;

question of military operations against, i. 342; operations in Piedmont in 1794, 341; plans for overthrow of, 346; forces of, separated from Sardinians, 350; _N._ dictates terms to, at Leoben, 350; military operations in Lombardy, 352-362; defeated at Montenotte, 353; army separated from Piedmontese, 354; crushed at Lodi, 360, 361; violates Venetian neutrality, 361, 371; treaty with Venice, 371; outgeneraled by _N._ at Mantua, 372; the system of cabinet campaigning in vogue in, 378; interest in possession of Mantua, 379; losses in campaign before Mantua, 383; temporary cessation of hostilities between France and, 392; France's interest in the humiliation of, 398; military enthusiasm in, 406; fourth attempt to retrieve position in Italy, 406; Spain allied with France against, 421; precarious condition of foreign relations, 424; magnificence of her opposition to France, 426; covets Venetian territory, 428; reoccupies Triest and Fiume, 435; England blamed for trouble between France and, 435; treaty of Leoben, 436-441; seeks to retain Modena, 270; secures possession of Venetia, 437-442; ii. 38; proposes to recognize the French republic, i. 439; defeated by Hoche on the Rhine, 439, 440; rupture of the coalition with England, 441; _N._ offers Venice to, 446; influence of _N._ in, 448; desires restoration of the Milanese, 451; schemes of European reorganization, 451; iii. 22, 41, 50, 109, 195; Gen. Clarke's mission to, i. 451; releases Lafayette, 457; _N._ has free hand in negotiations with, ii. 7; final negotiations with, 10; activity of, 9; treaty of Campo Formio, 19-21; Carnot's desire for peace with, 19; Venice seeks to continue war with, 24; Congress of Rastatt, 27, 89, 191, 264; humiliation of, 37, 265, 440; iii. 104, 211, 213, 251, 254-256; attitude of Frederick the Great toward, ii. 41; acquisition of Swiss territory, 40; to be restrained from interference in Rome, 42; declines reciprocity with France, 42; favors secularization of ecclesiastical principalities, 41; disturbed feeling in, 42, 43; Bernadotte's embassy to, 42, 43, 51; France's demands on, concerning the Bourbons, 43; strained relations between France and, 43; alliance with Turkey, 72; violates the Helvetian Republic, 72; relations (strained or hostile) with Prussia, 86, 264, 361; iii. 21, 44; iv. 41, 57, 58; scheme to dismember Bavaria, ii. 88; military operations on the Adige, 91; military operations on the Rhine, 91, 93; joins the second coalition, 90, 136, 142, 143; defeats Massena at Zuerich, and Joubert at Novi, 93; incurs the ill-will of Paul I, 142, 193, 209; holdings in Italy, 145; duplicity with Russia, 145; Russia incensed at, 154; France's services to Prussia against, 154; military situation at beginning of 1800, 160; Moreau ordered to move against, 164; system of tactics pursued by, 165; defeated at Engen, 166; successes in Italy, 170; quality of her troops, 178; battle of Marengo, 178-185; negotiates for peace, 182, 187; agrees to evacuate northern Italy, 182; armistice between France and, 182, 188; interest to abandon England, 187; _N._ proposes general armistice to, 187; seeks concessions in Italy, 189; raises new troops, 188; _N._ determines to prosecute the war with, 189; position behind the Inn, 190; signs peace of Luneville, 192; her line in Italy, as fixed at Luneville, 193; armistice of Steyer, 192; battle of Hohenlinden, 192; signs separate peace, 192; loss of power, 194; the spiritual principalities in, 193; Russia's jealousy of, 194; aspirations concerning Bavaria, 194; ecclesiastical influence in, 264; share in redistributions of 1802, 265, 266; Ney's check on, 272; proposed occupation of Malta by, 285; _N.'s_ preparations for striking, 291; truckles to France, 311; withdraws troops from Swabia, 311; acquiesces in creation of French empire, 320; represented at _N.'s_ court at Aachen, 329; _N.'s_ designs against, 334, 336, 347; recuperating, 347; pretext for war between France and, 352; Francis's title and powers curtailed, 352; the sanitary cordon, 355; popular dislike of Russia in, 355; Alexander's scheme for compensating, 355; apprehensions of losing Venice, 357; falls into _N.'s_ trap, 358; army reforms, 358; mobilizes troops, 358; her ambitions, 358; her disarmament demanded, 361; _N._ threatens to march to Vienna, 361; abused in Paris newspapers, 361; declaration of war against, 362; declares war against France, Sept. 3, 1805, 363; strength, 363; her line of defense, 365; popular opinion of _N._ in, 366; capitulation of Ulm, 367; junction of troops at Marburg, 367; outgeneraled by _N._, 377; drives the Elector of Bavaria from Munich, 377; battle of Austerlitz, 381 et seq.; ill feeling between Russia and, 381; threatened with loss of Venetia and the Tyrol, 389; accepts _N.'s_ terms for an armistice, 389; _N.'s_ scheme to crush, 390; suspected bribery of Talleyrand by, 390; pays war indemnity to France, 390; cessions by, 390; acquires Salzburg and Berchtesgaden, 391; surrenders Venice to France, 390; losses at Austerlitz, 392; stripped of leadership, 394; neutralization of her power, 402; Francis I declares himself hereditary emperor, 404; protector of Ragusa, 405; demoralization of the army, 419; rehabilitation of, 440; neutrality between Russia and Turkey, 441; anxiety concerning Polish lands, 444; offer of Silesia to, 445; iii. 22; resolves on neutrality, ii. 445; Turko-Persian alliance against, iii. 20; _N._ proposes alliance with, 21, 22; hostile preparations, 21; proposal for a new coalition, 21; proposes to act as mediator, 22; shrewd attitude of, 23; throws troops on frontier of Galicia, 23; omitted from the Continental Olympus, 41; _N.'s_ object to humiliate, 44; interest in Poland, 45; partition of, 49, 55; her position after Tilsit, 56; proposed commercial war against England, 55; offended dignity of, 65; treaty of Fontainebleau, Oct. 10, 1807, 104; outward subserviency to France, 104; _N.'s_ attitude toward, 104; military reorganization of, 103, 164, 166, 198, 199; proposed neutralization of, 113; the situation in, 117; awakening of the national spirit in, 137; encouraged to revolt, 159, 163-165, 178; effect of the Bayonne negotiations on, 163 et seq.; hereditary rivalry with France, 164; belligerent tone in, 165, 178, 193, 195; necessity for her repression, 167; _N._ and Alexander remonstrate with, 167-169; _N._ proposes alliance with, 169; to be held in check by Russia, 169; compact between Russia and France against, 169; Russia urged to occupy part of, 177; transformation of, 192 et seq.; the German movement in, 193; opportunity to lead a revolt against _N._, 195; failure of negotiations with France, 198; change of plan of campaign, 198, 204; Napoleonic ideas in, 200; Archduke Charles's proclamations, 200; intoxicated with success, 201; the fifth war with, 202 et seq.; her aggressions, 213; extinguishment of her hopes in Italy, 215; claims the battle of Aspern, 223; losses at Wagram, 230; plague in her army, 237; to reduce her army, 238; cession of territory, 239; _N.'s_ terms of peace, 239; _N._ contemplates alliance with, 238, 245, 249; reduced to a second-class power, 239, 251, 254, 255; desire to assassinate _N._ in, 240; recognizes _N.'s_ acquisitions in Spain, Portugal, and Italy, 239; joins the Continental System, 239; _N._ chooses a matrimonial alliance with the House of, 246; necessity of placating, 254; good feeling toward France, 254; democratic tendencies in, 256; distribution of the lands taken from, 266; brought into the Napoleonic system, 268; bankruptcy of, 304; alliance with France, 310, 311; interest in stirring up strife between France and Russia, 313; pro-Russian party in, 313, 314; _N.'s_ reply to Francis's request for assistance, 314; Alexander seeks the favor of, 316; foments hostile feeling between Russia and France, 316; seeks territorial aggrandizement at expense of Turkey, 316; contemplates neutrality, 320; overawed by _N.'s_ preparations, 320; contributes troops to the French army, 320; stipulates for territorial enlargement, 320; furnishes troops for Russian campaign of 1812, 320; agricultural distress in, 328; acquires Galicia, 331; attitude of her troops toward Russia, 342; _N._ suspicious of, 382; narrow escape at Essling, 383; Alexander seeks alliance with, 384; value of her alliance to France, 390; Roman Catholic influence in, 390; proposed surrender of Illyria to, 392, 407, 415; hostility to _N._ in, 394, 395; Saxony turns toward, 394, 399; Metternich's diplomatic schemes for, 395; refuses to enter coalition against France, 396; _N._ offers to subsidize, 395; _N._ seeks aid from, to check Kutusoff, 395; proposes to act as mediator, 395, 407-411, 415, 416, 419, 420; wooed for the coalition, 398; secret agreement with Saxony, 399; rejects _N.'s_ offer of Silesia, 400; hostile neutrality of, 403; _N.'s_ attitude toward, 403; pivotal in European politics, 403, 409, 411; growing strength, 403, 419-423; abandoned by Saxony, 407; proposed surrender of Dalmatia to, 407; proposed rectification of her western frontier, 407; outwits _N._, 412, 424; iv. i, 13; gathers troops in Bohemia, iii. 413-414; the allies' reliance on, 415; fear of _N._, 415; Nesselrode demands her adherence to the coalition, 415; aggrandizement by royal marriages, 416; to be pledged never to side with France, 415; proposed enlargement of, 416; secret treaty of Reichenbach, 415, 418, 422; throws off the mask of mediator, 419; duplicity of, 419; regeneration of, 419; seeks to regain ascendancy in Germany and Italy, 423; _N.'s_ agents in, 422; _N._ attempts to bribe, 423, 424; declares war, 423; Hamburg and Triest offered to, 424; takes the lead among the allies, iv. 6; strength, 6; _N._ seeks alliance with, 13, 17; saved by Schwarzenberg from invasion, 18; _N._ offers terms to, 21; scheme to restore status of 1805, 22; concludes alliance of Sept. 9, 1813, 22; seeks to regain predominance in Italy, 30; rise of her Prussian rival, 37; desires peace, 41; demands Italian territory, 41; at the Congress at Frankfort, 41; troops on the Rhine, 54-56; forms alliance with Murat, 56; the Czar's designs to check, 67; violates Swiss neutrality, 68; suspicious slowness of her movements, 68; eager for an armistice, 70, 71, 75; _N._ endeavors to separate Russia from, 75; treaty of Chaumont, 76; the triple alliance, 76; attitude toward _N._, 89; _N.'s_ dread of capture of the Empress by, 91; party to the treaty of Fontainebleau (April, 1814), 133; weight of her yoke in Italy, 143; negotiates secret treaty with England and France, 145; invited to take part in the coronation of the King of Rome, 157; member of the Vienna Coalition, 164; quota of troops, 164; refuses help to France, 165; the campaign of the Hundred Days, 170 et seq.; claims the glory of annihilating _N._, 214; claims the right of overseeing the imprisonment of _N._, 215; loss of Italian territory, 300.

=Austria-Hungary=, the rise of, iv, 299, 300.

=Austrian Netherlands, the=, defeat of the French in, i. 172; the revolutionary spirit in, 187; Dumouriez's successes in, 194; French conquest, of, 273; surrendered to France, ii. 21. _See also_ =Belgium=.

=Autun=, _N._ at, i. 30, 46, 48-50; iv. 157; the Buonapartes at, i. 46; Talleyrand bishop of, ii. 33.

=Auxerre=, military movements near, iv. 60; Imperial forces at, 102; Ney rejoins _N._ at, 157.

=Auxonne=, _N._ at, i. 94, 96, 111, 112, 141, 144-147, 223; disturbances in, 111, 112, 152; _N._ seeks to be retained at, 149.

=Avignon=, the Girondists at, i. 214; _N._ arrives before, 214; Jacobin siege of, 214; _N.'s_ life at, 214, 215; annexed to France, 422; the Pope asks compensation for the loss of, ii. 216; lost to the Pope at the peace of Tolentino, 326; residence of Pius VII at, 391; Augereau's neglected guns at, iv. 94; plots to assassinate _N._ at, 138.

=Azanza, M. J. de=, King Joseph's Spanish minister at Paris, iii. 282;

=Azara, Chevalier J. N. de=, represents Spain at Amiens, ii. 262; at the Tuileries, March 13, 1803, 283.

=Azores=, proposition to deport the Emperor to, iv. 145.

B

=Babylon=, the history of, iv. 293.

=Bacciocchi, Mme.=, literary coterie, ii. 258; acquires the duchy of Lucca, 354. _See also_ =Buonaparte, Marie-Anne-Elisa=.

=Bacciocchi, Pasquale=, marries Elisa Buonaparte, i. 322.

=Bachelu= in battle of Waterloo, iv. 199, 204.

=Bacon, Francis=, _N.'s_ study of, ii. 53.

=Badajoz=, Soult's capture of, iii. 286; English siege and storming of, 289-291, 319.

=Baden=, violation of her neutrality, i. 179; ii. 331, 363; makes peace with France (1796), i. 385, 450; relations with Russia, ii. 266; strengthening of, 266; residence of the Duc d'Enghien in, 301; French expedition to, 304; news of the Duc d'Enghien's arrest in, 305; friendly relations with France, 377; acquires territory after Austerlitz, 391; subservience to France, 394, 402; created a separate kingdom, 398; member of the Confederation of the Rhine, 403; supplies contingent for _N.'s_ army, ii. 404; iii. 322; allotment of Austrian lands to, 266; turns from _N._ to the allies, iv. 40; position in Germany, 298.

=Bagration, Gen. Peter=, holds Murat at Hollabrunn, ii. 379; in battle of Austerlitz, 387; in campaign of Eylau, iii. 14; called in by Barclay de Tolly, 335; movements on the Dnieper and Pripet, 336; contemplated junction with Barclay, 336; establishes communication with Drissa, 336; driven east by Davout, 338; junction with Barclay at Smolensk, 336, 338; plan of junction with Barclay at Vitebsk, 338; battle of Smolensk, 339.

=Bailly, Jean Sylvain=, mayor of Paris, i. 109.

=Balcombe, Mr.=, entertains _N._ at St. Helena, iv. 229.

=Balearic Isles=, _N._ offers them to England, ii. 404, 405.

=Balkan Peninsula=, Russia's ambitions in, iii. 310; rescue of the people of, iv. 300.

=Baltic Sea, the=, England's operations in and on, ii. 209, 210;