i. 177;

_N.'s_ declaration to, concerning the Duc d'Enghien, ii. 311; accompanies _N._ to St. Helena, iv. 214; residence on the island, 231; assists _N._ on his history, 232; remark of _N._ to, 233.

=Monthyon, Gen.=, escorts _N._ from the field of Waterloo, iv. 211.

=Montierender=, military movements at, iv. 61.

=Montmartre=, defense of, iv. 109; captured by the Prussians, 111.

=Montmirail=, battle of, iv. 63, 64.

=Montmorency=, royalist intrigues of, iv. 107.

=Montpellier=, death of Carlo Buonaparte, at i. 63.

=Mont St. Jean=, Wellington's retreat to, iv. 184, 190; possibility of Grouchy reaching, 192; topography of, 195; Wellington's center at, 195; fighting at, 214.

=Moore, Sir John=, commanding English troops in the Peninsula, iii. 186; at Salamanca, 186; at Astorga, 186, 187; French search for, 187; prepares to attack Soult, 188; crosses the Esla, 188; destroys magazines at Benevento, 188; reaches Corunna, 188; his retreat, death, and example, 189; defeat of Soult, 286.

=Moosburg=, Archduke Charles's force at, iii. 207; Massena at, 207.

=Morand, Gen. L. C. A.=, in the Eckmuehl campaign, iii. 208; battle of Borodino, 344; in battle of Waterloo, iv. 205.

=Moravia=, Kutusoff's advance into, ii. 367.

=Moreau, Gen. J. V.=, a product of Carnot's system, i. 332; commanding forces at Strasburg, 347; at Munich, 384; defeats Archduke Charles, 385; crosses the Rhine at Kehl, 385; operations on the Rhine, 435; military genius, 350; ii. 163, 164, 300; iv. 2; fails to reinforce _N._, i. 438-443; crosses the Rhine near Strasburg, 440; declines to aid the Directors, ii. 6; serves in the Army of Italy, 72; suspected of complicity with Pichegru, 72, 164, 298; last stand in Piedmont, 83; succeeds Scherer in command, 88; military operations in the Apennines, 93; succeeded by Joubert, 92; tempted with a dictatorship, 94; tainted with royalism, 94; joins the Bonapartist ranks, 97; a banquet at St. Sulpice, 100; relations with the Directory, 100; commanding guard at the Luxembourg, 108; blamed for imprisoning Moulins and Gohier, 108; appointed to command the Army of the Rhine, 140, 160; personal ambition, 140, 163; iv. 3; a military rival of _N._, ii. 140, 163, 192; _N.'s_ scheme to strengthen, 163; letter from _N._, March 16, 1800, 163; ordered to take the offensive, 163; participation in the revolution of Brumaire, 164; lack of supplies for, 165; crosses the Rhine, April 25, 1800, 166; outwits Kray, 166; passes the Black Forest, 166; defeats Kray at Messkirch and Engen, 167; troops detached from, 170; levies contributions on South Germany, 186; effect of his victories, 186; occupies Munich, 186; fortresses ceded to, 188, 189; representative of Revolutionary traditions in warfare, 181; position near Munich, 190; battle of Hohenlinden, 191; eclipses _N._ in military glory, 192; advances toward Vienna, 192; republican sentiment in his army, 235; fall of, 241, 295-299, 302; implicated in the Cadoudal conspiracy, 296 et seq.; arrest and imprisonment of, 298; popular denunciation of, 299; banishment of, 299; takes up arms against _N._, 299; mortally wounded at Dresden, 299; iv. 12; effect of his disgrace, ii. 318; movements at Munich, iii. 203; summoned from America for European service, 407; iv. 3; goes over to the allies, 3; with Schwarzenberg's army, 3; character, 3; enters the Russian service, 3; ambition to acquire the French crown, 3; treachery of, 5; plans the battle of Dresden, 7, 8; refuses to fight against his country, 8; death, 82; funeral mass celebrated for, 146.

=Moreau, Mme.=, ambition of, ii. 299.

=Morlaix=, Villeneuve at, ii. 375.

"=Morning Chronicle=," on England's indifference to French affairs, iv. 163.

=Morsbach=, military movements near, iii. 206.

=Mortier, Gen. E. A.=, a product of Carnot's system, i. 332; occupies Hanover, ii. 287; created marshal, 323; destruction of his division, 368; annihilated at Duerrenstein, 378; in the Austerlitz campaign, 380; occupies Mainz, 424, 443; seizes the Prince of Hesse-Cassel, 443; threatens Stralsund, iii. 19; battle of Heilsberg, 29; battle of Friedland, 30; created Duke of Treviso, 86; yearly income, 87; reinforcements for, 165; occupies Franconia, 165; forces in Spain, 191; ordered to blow up the Kremlin, 355; in the retreat from Moscow, 357; commanding the Guard, campaign of 1813, 402; battle of Dresden, iv. 9; holds Pirna, 12, 18; battle of Leipsic, 29; at Troyes, 60; battle of Montmirail, 63; at Soissons, 74; junction with _N._, 77; checks Bluecher at the Ourcq, 76; battle of Laon, 79; defends the Paris line against Bluecher, 86; at Rheims, 86; at Soissons, 86; junction with Marmont at Fismes, 93; driven back to Charenton, 99; junction with Marmont, 99; driven back on Paris, 101, 105; defense of Paris, 112, 113; concludes terms of surrender, 113; denounced by _N._, 115, 116; ordered to take position under the walls of Paris, 116; strength after surrender of Paris, 118; attachment to _N._, 117; absent from the Waterloo campaign, 171.

=Moscow=, _N._ threatens to march to, iii. 304; military enthusiasm in, 336; Russian retreat from Smolensk toward, 339; _N.'s_ line from the Niemen to, 340; defense of, 343-345; agreement of the opposing generals as to its capture, 345; the Kremlin, 345, 347; capture and burning, 345-349; _N._ expects Alexander to save, 347; _N.'s_ political and military blunders at, 343, 348; fountain of Russian inspiration, 347; topography, buildings, monuments, etc., 348; Russian abandonment of, 349; disputed honor of the conflagration, 349; pillage of, 350; the French army in, 349-352; _N.'s_ dissipation in, 352; _N.'s_ intention to be crowned in, 352; French retreat from, 352-356, 357 et seq.; throwing away the spoils of, 358; destruction of, 382; Alexander's desire to avenge the French seizure of, iv. 41.

=Mosel, River=, military operations on the, iv. 58.

=Moskwa, River=, military movements on the, iii. 344, 348.

=Moulins, J. F. A.=, member of the Directory, ii. 92; represents Jacobin element in the Directory, 94; proposed resignation of, 101; refuses to resign, 108; imprisonment of, 108, 115; _N.'s_ charges against, before the Ancients, 113.

="Mountain," the=, position in the National Convention, i. 188; suspects an English party in Corsica, 196; action discussed in the "Supper of Beaucaire," 218; _N.'s_ affiliation with, 242; fall of, 248; factions in, 250; status in the provinces, 268; annihilation of, 284.

=Moustier=, question of Grouchy's moving to, iv. 192, 193.

=Mozhaisk=, military operations at, iii, 347, 356; depot of the French army at, 357.

=Mueffling, Gen.=, in battle of Waterloo, iv. 204.

=Muiron=, killed at Arcole, i. 400.

=Mulde, River=, contemplated movements on the, iv. 24.

=Mueller, W.=, member of Prussian reform party, ii. 415.

=Multedo=, member of Directory of Corsica, i. 133; denounces _N._, 254; letter from _N._, 257.

=Muenchberg=, Soult at, ii. 428.

=Munich=, Moreau at, i. 384; ii. 186, 190; iii. 203; military operations near, ii. 191; Mehee de la Touche's machinations in, 297; expulsion of the English envoy at, 330; the Elector of Bavaria reoccupies, 377; _N.'s_ plan to reach, iii. 204.

=Muenster=, position in the French Empire, iii. 279.

=Mur, River=, military operations on the, i. 434.

=Murad Bey=, attacks the French at Shebreket, ii. 59; battle of the Pyramids, 60; worries _N._ with mysterious intrigues, 76; fails to assist the Rhodes expedition, 77; death, 77.

=Murat, Gen. Joachim=, at Borghetto, i. 372; threatens Genoa, 373; in Rivoli campaign, 415; service in Egypt, ii. 53; ordered to kill hostile tribesmen, 70; battle of Aboukir, 78; accompanies _N._ on return from Alexandria, 81; action on the 18th Brumaire, 105; commanding guard at St. Cloud, 108; proposes to clear the Orangery, 117; pursues the Austrians from Milan, 173; battle of Marengo, 179; commanding in central Italy, 190; watches Naples, 190; his plebeian birth, 195; marries Caroline Buonaparte, 195, 258; guardian to King Louis's widow, 233; military commandant at Paris, 308; share in trial of d'Enghien, 310; created marshal, 323; at _N.'s_ coronation, 342; captures Werneck's division at Noerdlingen, 367; enters Vienna, 368; reproached by _N._, 368; crosses the Tabor bridge, 368; base conduct at Vienna, 369; vanity of, 378; permits Kutusoff's escape, 378; "destroys the fruits of a campaign," 379; pursues the Russian force, 378; checked by Bagration at Hollabrunn, 379; outwitted by Kutusoff at Hollabrunn, 379; battle of Austerlitz, 386, 388; Grand Duke of Cleves and Berg, 403; takes title of Joachim I, 403; his ambitions, 416; Prussian campaign of 1806, 422, 428, 429; personal attendance on _N._, 425; at Saalburg, 428; in battle of Jena, 429; character, 436; iii. 139, 141; invests Magdeburg, ii. 436; pursues Hohenlohe, 436; at Golymin, iii. 4; strength in Poland, 7; in campaign of Eylau, 15-17; pursues Bennigsen, 18; battle of Heilsberg, 29; pursues Lestocq from Friedland, 32; at Tilsit, 52; interview with Queen Louisa, 61; assumes title of Napoleon, 82; advances on Madrid, 134; at Burgos, 134; assumes command in Spain, 134; his dilemma, 139; his protection sought by Charles IV, 138; letter to _N._, March 25, 1808, 139; enters Madrid, 139-142; ambition to secure the Spanish throne, 139, 146, 150; letters from _N._, March, 1808, 141; designated Protector of Spain, 141; relations with _N._, 141; attitude of Spanish people toward, 141; his policy in Spain, 141, 142; refuses to recognize Ferdinand, 143; trouble with his prisoner Godoy, 145; appointed dictator of Spain, 146; Madrid revolts against, 146; _N._ offers him the crown of Naples or of Portugal, 147; executes patriots in Madrid, 147; becomes king of Naples, 149, 278, 319; _N.'s_ control over, 151; butchery in the Madrid riots, 151; strength at Madrid, 155; commander-in-chief at Madrid, 155; executes decree depriving the Pope of secular power, 242; member of extraordinary council on _N.'s_ second marriage, 253; violates the Continental System, 266; strength, March 12, 1812, 323; cavalry command in the Russian campaign of 1812, 324; urges action at Vitebsk, 338; battle of Smolensk, 340; remonstrates against fighting at Smolensk, 340; enters Moscow, 345; reports the temper of the Russian peasantry, 350; sudden attack on, 352, 355; desperate fighting on the retreat from Moscow, 362; ordered to form behind the Niemen, 373; commanding the remnants of the grand army, 373; deserts the army and returns to Naples, 373, 385, 393; iv. 51; crosses the Niemen, iii. 384; enters Koenigsberg, 384; held to his allegiance, 421; battle of Dresden, iv. 10; sent to support Vandamme at Kulm, 15; fails to check Schwarzenberg or hold Bluecher, 17; ordered to hold Schwarzenberg, 22, 23; battle of Wachau, 27, 28; battle of Leipsic, 27, 28, 32; forms alliance with Austria, 55; marches on Rome, 56; censured by _N._, 56; deserts _N._, 56, 59; characterization of Talleyrand, 107; uneasy for his throne, 144; deposed, 145; Soult opposed to, 157; condemned to death, 225.

=Murat, Mme.=, marital relations, ii. 258.

=Murati=, success of, at Bastia, i. 119.

=Museum of Arts and Crafts=, founded, i. 281.

=Mustapha IV=, seeks the friendship of France, iii. 106; overthrows Selim III, 106; weak reign of, 163; murders Selim III, 162.

N

=N=, Napoleon's monogram, iii. 40.

=Namur=, military operations near, iv. 171, 176, 182, 186, 211.

=Nangis=, Victor and Oudinot driven back to, iv. 65; Wittgenstein driven from, 72; _N._ at, 72; Berthier at, 72; French retreat stopped at, 84.

=Nansouty, Gen.=, in the Eckmuehl campaign, iii. 208; commanding cavalry in Russian campaign of 1812, 324; moves from Sezanne against Bluecher, iv. 62; ordered toward Montmirail, 63; transfers his allegiance to Louis XVIII, 132.

=Nantes=, immunity from the White Terror, iv. 222.

=Napier, Gen.=, in battle of Waterloo, iv. 208.

=Naples=, Bourbon influence in, i. 21; humiliation of, 192, 374; aids in defense of Toulon, 221; under foreign yoke, 345; French proposition to revolutionize, 373; becomes refractory, 401; makes peace with France, 402; _N.'s_ leniency to, 421; _N.'s_ influence in, 448; plunder of, ii. 17, 18; arrogance of, 17, 18; diplomatic offset of Spain against, 18; claims Malta, 18; neutralization of, 33; dread of French spoliation in, 39; makes war on Rome, 68, 72, 86, 87; spread of revolutionary ideas to, 86; joins the second coalition, 86, 91; Macdonald ordered to, 87; Bonapartist agency in, 89; capture of, by Championnet, 87, 93; unbridled license at, 92; watched by Murat, 190; Russia intercedes for, 203, 204; English ships forbidden to enter, 204; forced contributions from, 204; France withdraws from, 211, 262, 287; not allowed to garrison Malta, 284; seized by Saint-Cyr, 287; fate of her admiral, Caraccioli, 300; Russia demands France's evacuation of, 330, 347; independence of, 357; a focus of anti-French conspiracies, 357; _N._ demands expulsion of emigrants from, 357; _N._ threatens to seize, 362; Villeneuve ordered to, 371; Prussia bound to secure the liberties of, 377; banishment of the Bourbons from, 391, 395, 401; iii. 214; Russian occupation of, ii. 395, 418; Joseph Bonaparte made king of, 395, 439; iii. 148; Massena ordered to, ii. 395; rupture of the Queen's engagement with _N._, 395; opened to English ships, 395; _N._ exacts tribute from, 396; Russia evacuates, 405; vassalage to France recognized at Tilsit, iii. 54; trouble concerning the Papal States, 67; abolition of the hostile strip between Italy and, 118; financial and political reform in, 130; Murat becomes king of, 147, 150, 279, 319; England's loss of trade with, 272; seizure of American ships by, 275; Murat returns to 373, 385; fails to support _N._, iv. 57, 59; insecurity of Murat's throne, 144; refrains from joining the European coalition against _N._, 162.

=Naples, King of=. _See_ =Buonaparte, Joseph=.

"=Napoladron=," iii. 292.

=Napoleon Buonaparte=. (_Note._--Items concerning Napoleon's relations with persons or places will be found under the respective names of such subjects. For a conspectus of events in his career, _see_ the Tables of Contents in each volume. For aphorisms by or concerning Napoleon, _see_ =Phrases=. For details of his character _see_ paragraph below,--_Analysis of character_.) Birth and infancy, i. 33-47; brothers and sisters, 33, 34; forms of his name, 38; nicknames, 39; his personal recollections of childhood, 40, 45; development of military genius at the snow forts, 53; challenges a schoolmate, 51; letter to his father, 58; conceptions of the state, 78; aptitude for the navy, 57; two enemies of, 65; views on and first lessons in revolution, 123-134, 156, 190; hatred of France, 92, 122; improvement in financial condition, 127; a Corsican revolutionist, 130; first appearance as an orator, 132; political schemes, 137; certificates as to his republicanism, 136, 140; prepared for confirmation, 146; his detractors, 148; his desire concerning his biographies, 148; course of life from 1791 to 1795, 148 et seq.; payment of debts, 149; growing notoriety, 156; a starting-point of his career, 159; addresses the Minister of War on the National Guard, 159; debts of, 159; a Corsican Jacobin, 160-179; strained relations with the Ministry of War, 160, 295; purchases sequestrated church lands, 161; election methods, 166; his "civism," 170, 180; with the mob at the Tuileries, 176; on riots, 176; relations with the Marseilles deputation, 178; on the conflict of August 10, 1792, 178; seeks commission in naval artillery, 182; aims at Corsican leadership, 202; failure in politics, 211; general of brigade, 232, 236-242, 287; his own record of his life, 237; influential friends, 236, 240, 244; a Jacobin general, 236-246; denies his nobility, 237; refuses to obey the Convention's summons, 240; a Montagnard, 242; the "plan-maker" of the Robespierres, 245; the germ of his military system, 247; vicissitudes in war and diplomacy, 247, 259; suspension and arrest, 254-259; appeal to the "representatives of the people" (1794), 255; release, 257; the end of apprenticeship, 260-271; degraded from artillery to infantry, 278; Jacobin proclivities, 284, 286; renounces Jacobinism, 286; the General of the Convention, 287-301; plans marriage and settled life, 294; jealousy directed against, 310; his police services, 310; courtship and marriage, 310, 323; a typical Corsican, 311; views on love and marriage, 311; adopts new spelling of his name, 321; a product of Carnot's system, 332; the Oedipus of France, 339; on a great stage, 339-351; demands reinforcements, 347; insists on unity of command, 348; keynote of military policy, 348; secret of his military success, 351; "the Little Corporal," 362; iv. 154; an insubordinate conqueror and diplomatist, i. 363-377; entrusted with diplomatic powers, 364; threats against, 364; prostitution of his subordinates, 366, 376; scheme of art plunder, 368; views concerning arts and sciences, 369; plans succeeding the capture of Milan, 372-377; refuses bribes, 376; a prophecy fulfilled, 385; narrow escapes, 393; extinction of the Corsican in, 404; memoirs, 417; military jealousy directed against, 426; independent attitude of, ii. 4; attitude toward royalty, 4; "a personage in Europe," 9; plans for building up sea power, 18; bribery of and by, 19; constructive commander-in-chief of French forces, 36; represses pillage, 42; supplanter of the Revolution, 46; his "complete code of politics," 49; theories of government, 49, 50; doubtful points in connection with the Egyptian campaign, 49-52; on English political history, 50; "the pear is not yet ripe," 52; assumes the role of a prophet, 66; el Kebir, the Exalted, 67; receives secret information from his brothers, 79; summoned to take supreme command, 80; death at St. Helena, 82; iv. 234; gives toast: "the harmony of all the French," ii. 101; scheme to make him consul, 102; secret meeting of his friends, 15th of Brumaire, 102; critical moment in Talleyrand's house, 103; temporary dictator, 106; speech to Barras's messenger, 19th Brumaire, 107; dangerous confidence of, 109; "traitor and outlaw," 113, 115, 122; the arbiter of French destiny, 121; reports of his wealth, 122; First Consul, 124, 125, 130; royalist predilections for, 134; his choice of two policies, 138; the epoch of, 139; importance in universal history, 139; apparent loss of military ambition, 140; choice of administrators, 140, 149-153; English views of, 143, 144; salary as First Consul, 150; the personality of the council of state his, 152; aims at centralization of government, 153; beneficent effects of his regime on the world, 153; controls foreign relations, 153; foreign policy, 157, 158; makes enemies as First Consul, 158; the fate of France identified with his, 158; contrasts administrative with military glory, 164; on the art of war, 165; expansion of his schemes, 172; his favorite tactics, 177; distinction between the statesman and the general, 183-185; violation of the constitution in assuming command, 186; undisputed mastery of France, 185; sportive tricks with old dynasties of Europe, 194; period of his greatest renown, 198; married life, 198, 199, 256; malicious libels on, 199; as kingmaker, 205; urged by Russia to declare himself king, 209; codification of the laws, 222; regenerates feudal society, 224; study of law, 227; his interest in education, 227; the new era, 229; method of deporting opposition, 235-238; apparent summit of his power, 239; plots and attempts to assassinate, 239, 240; iv. 122, 138, 144; policy toward his enemies, ii. 241; popularity, 244-249; proposal to make him king, 248; the tool of fate and architect of his own fortunes, 250; his first marriage, 250; a soldier of fortune, 250; at maturity, 250 et seq.; a man of all ages, 253; the personification of France, 253; effect of conspiracies on, 255; safeguards for, 256; on friendships, 256; on the forces by which kings rule, 256; effect of his married life on the Code, 257; war a necessity to, 268; French admiration for, 377; expansion of the revolutionary system, 278; relations with the diplomatic corps, 279, 280; consular levee of March 13, 1803, 280; reception of diplomatic corps, Apr. 4, 1803, 284; remonstrances against adulation of, 295; mortification of, 312; on the pinnacle of revolutionary power, 314; brief review of his career, 314-318; creates a virtual tyranny, 315; "consul, stadholder, or emperor?" 321; his imperial title, 323; his civil list, 323; heraldic device of the empire, 323; secures the imperial succession to his family, 324; inauguration of the empire, 326; coronation, 327, 339 et seq.; iv. 249; his naval plans of 1805, ii. 334; reception of the news of Trafalgar, 334; as a man of science, 335; his strength with the army, 334; forms of his strategy, 337; fear of poison, 341; encourages arts and sciences, 347-351; first speech from the imperial throne, 347; germs of the national uprising against, 348; the spell of his name, 349; deprecates war, 351; backed by the nation, 352; "moderation" of, 355; anger at naval failures, 360; rapidity and perfection of his movements, 363; his military commanders, 364; sinks the emperor in the general, 364, 423; iii. 112, 404; the head of the French Empire, ii. 395; demands recognition as Emperor of Rome, 396; violation of dynastic ties, 404; ideas about territorial sanctity, 404; "Napoleon the Great," 407; the imperial catechism, 408; traveling arrangements, 425; distrust of his suite, 426; simplicity of his military dress, 438; likened to an octopus, 445; political methods and policies, iii. 1, 76, 115, 196, 316; a new seat of war for, 3; determined to "conquer the sea by land," 3; new experience in campaigning 5; his first child, 11; the center of his administration, 24; the supports of his empire, 24; centralization of government in, 25; nameless charges against, 26; his excuses for his license, 26; his monogram (N) 39, 40; commercial policy, 46, 137; attitude toward the Russo-Prussian alliance, 54; preference for action before words, 66; recognizes the power of decorations, 81; drafts on his associates, 81; the surname of Napoleon, 82; on the ambitions of the French people, 83; on paternal government, 83; personal decrees, 86; recognizes popular fickleness, 86; creates a titled class, 86; art under, 88; system of imperial patronage, 91; discourages gambling, 92; relations with his friends and generals, 93; imprisons a milliner, 92; pert remarks addressed to, 94; supposed cause of the turn of his fortunes, 96; ignorance concerning American affairs, 101; realizes the limitations of his power, 110; his "master," 110; ill luck at sea, 112; political system of, 115; the height of his power, 115; crushes a watch in passion, 130; his determination to crush opposition, 130; intercepts suspected correspondence, 130, 162; his "cabinet noir," 130; turn of his fortunes, 137, 151; justifies pillage, 159; crushing blows, 159, 161 et seq.; the embodiment of power, 160; divorce impending, 160; system of territorial expansion, 165; his extinctions of ruling dynasties, 165; diplomatic exhibit of his political scheme at St. Cloud, 169; dramatic incident at performance of "Oedipe," 172; appreciation of the drama, 173; familiarity with ancient history, 174, 175; thickening of the divorce plot, 179; the character of his civilization, 179; orders list of marriageable princesses to be prepared, 179; a gang of self-seeking traitors to, 193; well informed on the European situation, 195; system of spies, 196; skilful historians on, 196; shifts responsibility for wars onto the enemy, 198; his plan of campaigns, 202; policy of wooing people and abusing their rulers, 213; Bonaparte distinguished from Napoleon, 231; iv. 39, 133; ultimate terms of peace, iii. 239; sick of war, 238; dread of assassination, 240; excommunicated, 242; change in his manner, 245; his "harem," 246; declining popularity, 249; basis of his power, 250; alleges the reasons for his divorce, 253; decides on the Austrian marriage, 254; second marriage, 259; banishes the cardinals, 259; renounces title of Roman Emperor, 261; consolidation of his power, 262; fills vacant bishoprics, 263; extent of his empire, 264, 278; change of naval policy, 264; the national uprisings against, 269; causes leading to his overthrow, 269; mistaken policy of providing thrones for relatives, 278; his perquisites in English sugar and coffee, 279; Spanish schoolboys' nickname for, 292; deals with state property for personal benefit, 295; policy of personal attachments, 295; his "extraordinary domain," 295, 305; imperial residences, 301; endows maternity hospital, 301; chooses between lives of child and mother, 302; aspirations for sea power, 304; flood-tide of success, 305; method of replenishing an empty treasury, 305, 309; the man and the embodied political force of Europe, distinguished, 306-309; "Emperor of the Continent," 308; an incident that changed the course of history, 314; new naval schemes, 315; belief in the devotion of France, 316; policy of territorial aggrandizement, 316; his ideal, 319; beginning of his decline, 319; considered the anti-christ, 322; secret funds, 323; studies Roman history, 325; warned against war by ministers and friends, 326; warned of the fate of Charles XII, 326; moral reforms, 327; the climax of his drama, 331; physical characteristics at opening of the Russian campaign of 1812, 332; afflicted with dysuria, 332; address to his army before the Russian campaign, 334; plans of action, 335, 336; longing for a great battle, 337; desperate military straits of, 341; deplores the barbarity of war, 343; contracts a loathsome disease, 352; weakness and indecision on the retreat from Moscow, 355; shares the hardships of the army, 357, 362, 365; commands a division of the army, 363; bulletin of Dec. 3, 1812, 372; false report of his death, 376; wrath of the army against, 376; "robbed the cradle and the grave," 386; revolutionary training, 388; his "library," 388; on credit, 389; faces a European coalition, 391, 392; refuses to cede European holdings, 392; conciliatory attitude, 393; fallacies of his military schemes of 1813, 394; aims of the new coalition against, 399; belief in cavalry, 402; attitude toward Austria, 404; his blunder of 1813, 411; the beginning of the final disaster, 411; a tyro in dynastic politics, 416; alleged turning-point in his career, 418; suspects treachery, 418; isolation of, 417, 423; characterizes his Austrian marriage as stupidity, 418; his first fatal blunder, 420; tries to bribe Austria, 424; former friends turn against, iv. 2; advantage over the allies, 3; the hazard of the die, 4; characterization of the allies, 5; value of his presence in the field, 10; climax of disaster, 16; appeals to sentiment rather than history, 16; the wonder-year of his theoretical genius, 16; transformed from strategist into politician, 17; the diplomat outstrips the strategist, 16; definition of a great man, 21; outwitted by the allies, 25, 26; the savior of society, 43; found out by the masses, 44; newness of his nobility, 44; his aim the independence of the nations, 45; spends his private treasure on the army, 50; his last official act, 53; no longer Emperor, 53; leaves Paris for Chalons, 53; value of his prestige, 60; his supreme military effort, 59; a famous march by, 64; the allies' determination to exterminate the Napoleonic idea, 66, 67; his military correspondence, 1814, 66; yields to his marshals, 69; estrangement and desertion of his marshals, 72, 121, 129-132; suggestion that he abdicate, 74; realizes the war is for his extermination, 80; "the spasmodic stroke of the dying gladiator," 83; rouses the peasantry to guerrilla warfare, 85; desperate scheme of, 90; "this movement makes or mars me," 97; capture of a bundle of letters from Paris for, 98; chances for a last stand, 102; contemplates a new levy, 106; the allies refuse to treat with, 114; proposal that he govern France under guarantees, 114; overthrown by the legislature, 115; regains his equilibrium, 117; rage at learning of the surrender, 116; the allies refuse to negotiate with, 117; his first abdication, 117, 123-125, 128; influence over the troops, 118; desertion of the army, 126; the knell of the empire, 127; proclamation of April 5, 1814, 129; a homeless citizen of the world, 129; determination never to be taken alive, 129; final form of his declaration of abdication, 131; use of the imperial style, 133; the savior of European society, 133; treatment accorded to, by the allies, 133-142; parting gifts to old acquaintances, 134; treasure at Blois, 134; denies the charge of usurpation, 135; alleged to be a bastard, 137; alleged theft of crown jewels, 138; his true name said to be Nicholas, 138; calumnies heaped on, 138, 143; plots for the exile of, 138; adopts disguise, 139; farewell to the allies' commissioners, 140; effect of English customs on, 140; begins the administration of his island realm, 141; treasure at the Tuileries, 141; his historical commentaries, 141; forced to practise economy, 142; diminution of his private fortune, 144; scheme to deport him still further, 145; keeps informed as to course of European events, 146, 149; scouts the idea of a regency, 152; prepares for his escape, 152; alleged fears of deportation, 152; his escape justified, 152; dismisses the peasantry from his column, 155; troops flock to, 158; forms his new cabinet, 159; acquiesces in popular demand for constitutional government, 159; the apostle of popular sovereignty, 160; views on abolition of censorship of press, 160; devotion to the cause of public liberty, 161; resolution of the European dynasties to extirpate his regime, 161; "the enemy and disturber of the world's peace," 162; proclaimed an outlaw, 162, 164; turns toward the moderate liberals, 165; call for volunteers, 165; his reconstituted corps of marshals, 167; proclamation to the army, June 15, 1815, 173; apparent successes of June 16, 1815, 184; effects of his inactivity, 194; his last dream of glory, 196, 197; loss of the last chance, 205; the emperor contrasted with the general, 207; demand for his abdication, 217; calls for him as dictator, 218; idea of regaining the government by force, 218; abdicates for the second time, 218; adopts civilian's clothing, 219; the government refuses responsibility for his safety, 219; romantic schemes for his escape, 222; desire for his execution, 224; regarded as the common prisoner of the allies, 225; General Bonaparte, a private citizen, 226; appeals against his sentence, 226, 227; upholds polygamy, 231; his autobiography, 230, 231; efforts for his release, 230, 231; as a prisoner, 230-235; attempts intercourse with friends in France, 231; farewell message to his son, 231; his testament, 233; bequests and their settlements, 233; last sickness and death, 234; a possible epitaph, 247; his rise to power, 247 et seq.; questionings as to his life and work, 247 et seq.; his love of artillery, 248; lack of education, 250; on greatness, 249; influence on history, 253 et seq.; early struggles, 254 et seq.; methods of acquiring supreme power, 258, 262, 263; lasting character of his work, 259; legal reforms, 260; police system of, 260; centralization of his administrative system, 260, 261, 264; social reforms, 260, 261, 264; educational system, 260; the secret of his downfall, 261; position among lawgivers and statesmen, 260; rule by military force, 261; attitude toward democracy, 261; deficient education in politics and history, 262; influence on modern times, 262, 292; popular distrust of his character, 263; meets intrigue with intrigue, 263; responsibility for bloodshed, 265; causes of his downfall, 285-288, 290; his place in history, 285-292; essays the role of liberator, 286, 290, 293; in captivity, 289; his "Correspondence," 289; roots out absolutism, 292; his artificial aristocracy, 294. _Analysis of character_. Ability to mold men, ii. 4, 5, 9, 33-36, 56, 97, 98, 102-105, 126, 132, 142, 149-153, 159, 164, 194, 196, 234, 361; iv. 39, 258, 259; as an adventurer, iv. 291; ambition, i. 55; 65, 71, 113, 117, 136, 161, 191, 199, 203, 206, 209, 258, 263, 310, 311, 341, 346, 362, 405; ii. 14, 29-32, 48, 73, 157, 314, 437; iii. 19, 21, 46, 83, 109, 110 114, 164, 245, 306, 308, 329; iv. 255, 261-265, 292; amusements, iv. 228, 230; anxiety for his safety and comfort, iv. 134; asceticism, i. 111; autocracy, ii. 275; bravado, iii. 18; use of bribery, acceptance and rejection of bribes, i. 203; ii. 34; as a burgher, ii. 279; iv. 248; calmness under stress, ii. 334; iv. 165; use of cant, iv. 45; capacity for work, energy, industry, and attention to detail, i. 210, 225, 245, 261, 263, 367; ii. 10, 29, 153, 197, 215, 222, 426; iii. 19, 24-26, 29, 53, 74, 77, 92, 171, 182-184, 209, 210, 216, 268, 269, 325, 333, 336-338; iv. 23, 54, 248-252, 265, 286; casuistry, i. 144; caustic, sarcastic or vigorous tongue or pen, i. 66, 118, 205; ii. 56, 58, 107, 108, 113, 159, 268, 391; iii. 34, 35, 61, 62, 65, 81, 213-215, 275, 327, 332, 343; caution, i. 211, 253; ii. 122, 315, 384; (lack of), ii. 315; iii. 3; change in temperament, iii. 232; character at Brienne, i. 58; cheerfulness and good humor, ii. 197, 279; iii. 19, 52; clemency, ii. 439; coffee-drinking habit, iv. 24; contempt for ideals, ii. 199; iii. 26; 88, 148, 315, 316; contempt for men and money, iv. 264; cosmopolitanism, 92; courage, i. 265-390, 393, 405; ii. 385; iii. 16, 19, 188, 240;