ii. 18-22, 24, 31, 37, 42, 145, 148, 187;

iii. 329.

=Canada=, lost to France, i. 17, 22.

=Canals=, Bonaparte's scheme of, ii, 279.

=Canino, Prince of=. _See_ =Buonaparte, Lucien=.

=Cannes=, _N.'s_ march through, on return from Elba, iv. 153, 154.

=Canning, George=, denounces _N._, ii, 144; foreign secretary in Portland cabinet, iii. 69; responsibility for the bombardment of Copenhagen, 70, 97; despatches the fleet to the Baltic, 98; demands the secret articles of Tilsit, 98; fall of, 272; policy of action against _N._, 284; enforces Orders in Council, 378.

=Canonical institution=, the question of, iv. 390.

=Canova, Antonio=, makes statue of Empress Maria Louisa, iii. 300.

=Cantonal assemblies=, ii. 247.

=Cape of Good Hope=, taken by England from the Dutch, ii. 12, 38; ceded to the Batavian Republic by treaty of Amiens, 233; England's rights in, 262; _N.'s_ ambitions concerning, 289; iii. 308.

=Cape St. Vincent=, battle of, i. 456; ii. 62.

=Cape Verd Islands=, proposition to deport _N._ to, iv. 145.

=Caprera=, expedition against, i. 192.

=Caprino=, battle at, i. 412, 413.

"=Captain=," Nelson's ship in battle of Cape St. Vincent, ii, 62.

=Capuchins=, attempt to oust them from Corsican domains, i. 168.

=Caraccioli, Adm. F. C.=, execution of, ii. 300.

=Cardinals, the College of=, transplanted to France, iii. 258, 263.

=Carinthia=, _N._ in, i. 434; revolutionary sentiment in, ii. 42; part of, ceded to France, iii. 239.

=Carinthian Mountains=, pursuit of Archduke John across the, iii. 212.

=Carlsbad=, Talleyrand at, iv. 224.

"=Carmagnole=," the, i. 244, 266.

=Carniola=, Charles guards road into, i. 432; ceded to France, iii. 239.

=Carnot, Lazare N. M.=, minister of war, i. 233, 279; favors _N._, 299, 320; reorganizes the French army, 240, 325, 332, 333, 379; military policy of, 249; removal of, 279; escape of, 285; ii. 8, 27; member of the Directory, i. 186, 330-333; character, 330-333; at battle of Maubeuge, 332; plans the Italian campaign (1795), 346; _N.'s_ correspondence with, May, 1796, 364; advises restoring the Milanese to Austria, 451; relations with _N._, ii. 8; desire for peace with Austria, 19; Barras derides his suggestions, 19; writes a justificatory pamphlet, 91; development of his conscription scheme, 93; reappointed minister of war, 130, 153; influence on the fall of the Directory, 130; military genius, 153; detaches Lecourbe's force from Moreau's army, 168; possible successor to _N._, 186; influence on the Consulate, 195; member of the tribunate, 243; remonstrates against adulation of _N._, 295; opposes the creation of the Empire, 321; pensioned, iii. 297; commissioned to write on fortification, 297; invited to join in insurrection, iv. 149; member of _N.'s_ new cabinet, 159; advises a dictatorship for France after Waterloo, 217; member of the new Directory, 218.

=Caroline, Queen of Naples=, iii. 124; on Maria Louisa's imprisonment at Schoenbrunn, iv. 143.

=Carpentras=, lost to the Pope at peace of Tolentino, ii. 326.

=Carrier, J. B.=, crimes of, i. 234; opposes Robespierre, 251.

=Carrion-Nisas, A. H.=, "Peter the Great," ii. 350.

=Cartagena=, Villeneuve ordered to, ii. 371; rebellion in, iii. 154.

=Carteaux, Gen.=, seizes Valence, i. 214; besieges Avignon, 214; takes Marseilles, 220; captures Ollioules, 225; besieges Toulon, 224, 225; ignorance of military affairs, 227; removed from command, 228.

=Cassel=, Bluecher's military movements in, ii. 427; restored to its former ruler, iv. 40.

=Castanos, Gen. F. X. de=, causes Dupont's surrender at Baylen, iii. 156; position on the Ebro, 184, 185; concerted French movement against, 185; collects his troops at Siguenza, 185.

=Casteggio=, battle of, ii. 176.

=Castellane=, journal of, iii. 361.

=Castelnuovo=, disarmament of, i. 442.

=Castiglione=, battle of, i. 382; ii. 140; Augereau's victory at, 323; celebration of the battle of, 228; Augereau created Duke of, iii. 86. _See also_ =Augereau=.

=Castile=, French occupation of, iii. 286; weakness of French forces in, 289; reinforcements for Massena ordered from, 289.

=Castlereagh, Lord=, secretary for war in Portland cabinet, iii. 69; policy of action and bitterness against _N._, 284; iv. 145, 162; prime minister of England, iii. 328; inspires action by Bernadotte, 350; becomes foreign secretary, 378, 417, 422; dissatisfied with the Frankfort terms, iv. 42; character, 42, 67; at headquarters of the allies at Basel, 66; influence in European councils, 67, 68; under Metternich's influence, 68; uneasiness at _N.'s_ message to Francis, 75; on the European policy of 1814, 89; protests against the use of the imperial style by _N._, 133; negotiates secret treaty between England, Austria, and France, 145; protests to Talleyrand against violation of treaty obligations, 153; retires from Congress of Vienna, 173; letter from Lord Liverpool, June 20, 1815, 224.

=Catalonia=, French occupation of, iii. 156; Duhesme evacuates, 157; military government of, 279; French possession of, 377.

=Catharine of Wuertemberg=, marries Jerome Bonaparte, ii. 399; iii. 93, 94.

=Cathcart, Gen. W. S.=, besieges Copenhagen, iii. 70; heads English embassy to Russia, 351; influences the armistice of Poischwitz, 417; English minister at St. Petersburg, 417; at Congress of Prague, 423.

=Catherine II=, policy of, i. 22; iii. 51, 309; death of, i. 425, 452; _N._ shatters a gift of, ii. 20; _N.'s_ admiration for, 347; share in partition of Poland, iii. 309; her life and work, iv. 251.

=Catherine, Grand Duchess= (of Russia), mentioned for marriage with _N._, iii. 180, 181; marries the Duke of Oldenburg, 181, 278, 310.

=Catholic emancipation=, the question of, ii. 208.

=Cato=, statue at the Tuileries, ii. 147.

=Cattaro=, Alexander I's scheme for acquiring, ii. 356; Russian occupation of, 405; compensation for, iii. 56.

=Caulaincourt, A. A. L. de=, leads expedition to Offenburg, ii. 304; Master of the Horse, 324, 425; relations with _N._, 425; iii. 107; iv. 87, 105, 115, 134, 159; conducts negotiations with Russia, iii. 87, 107-110, 113, 116-118, 165, 168, 169, 244, 310, 315, 318, 408-411; connection with the d'Enghien murder, iii. 107; _N.'s_ instructions to, 115; discusses partition of Turkey, 116; explains Bernadotte's dilatoriness, 117; reproved by _N._, 165; friendship with the Czar, 165, 168; ordered to ventilate the divorce question, 181; conducts _N.'s_ matrimonial negotiations in Russia, 247, 248; explains the Austrian marriage to Alexander, 255; recalled, 318, 326; knowledge of Russia, 325, 326; French commissioner at Poischwitz, 414; at Congress of Prague, 423; letter from Metternich, November, 1813, iv. 42, 45; Minister of Foreign Affairs, 42; letter to Metternich, Dec. 2, 1813, 46; conducts negotiations at Chatillon, 67-71, 74, 78, 87; demands authority to treat after La Rothiere, 69, 70; blamed for not saving his country at Chatillon, 70; letter from Maret, 87; at council at St. Dizier, 103; seeks peace at any price, 103; seeks audience with Alexander, 116, 117; at the abdication scene, 121, 122; on commission to present abdication to Alexander, 124, 125, 126; urges the regency, 126; transfers his allegiance, 129; _N.'s_ declaration to, concerning his generals, 128; memoirs of, 130; records _N.'s_ first attempt at suicide, 130; member of _N.'s_ new cabinet, 159; member of the new Directory, 218.

=Cautillon=, attempt to assassinate Wellington, iv. 234; _N.'s_ bequest to, 234.

=Cavallos=, defends Ferdinand's position, iii. 143.

=Cavalry=, _N.'s_ views on, and use of, i. 59; ii. 178.

=Cayenne=, wholesale deportations to, ii. 8.

=Celibacy=, _N._ on, i. 138.

=Ceracchi=, charged with conspiracy, ii. 235; execution of, 241.

=Ceraino=, military operations near, i. 412.

=Cerbeau, Du=, i. 143.

=Cervoni=, i. 220, 233.

=Ceva=, battle of, i. 352-335.

=Ceylon=, retained by England, ii. 211, 262; France guarantees its return to Holland, 289.

=Chaboulon, Fleury de=, sent to Naples, iv. 152; reveals the state of France to _N._, 152.

=Chabran, Gen.=, forces in Savoy, ii. 169; crosses the Little St. Bernard, 171.

=Chabrol=, imperial prefect, iv. 106.

=Chaillot=, suspected plot of royalists at, ii. 303.

=Chalons=, _N._ leaves Paris for, iv. 53; French concentration at, 58; _N._ reaches, 58; _N._ plans pursuing Bluecher to, 65; Bluecher collects his army at, 73; _N._ plans to attack Schwarzenberg at, 77; Marmont ordered to, 91, 93; the allies open new communications via, 97.

=Cham=, Archduke Charles makes a stand at, iii. 210, 216.

=Chamartin=, the French troops at, iii. 187, 189.

=Chambers of Commerce=, establishment of, ii. 220.

=Chambery=, _N._ at, ii. 27, 30; reinforcements for Augereau at, iv. 94.

=Champagny, L. A.=, created Duke of Cadore, iii. 87; appointed Minister of External Relations, 96, 132; plenipotentiary at Altenburg, 238, 239; succeeded in the Foreign Office by Maret, 318; mission to Francis at Dijon, iv. 128.

=Champaubert=, battle of, iv. 63, 66.

=Championnet, Gen.=, overthrows the Neapolitan throne, ii. 87; disgraceful conduct at Naples, 92.

=Channel tunnel=, the, ii. 290.

"=Chant du Depart=," the, iv. 118.

=Chaptal, J. A.=, member of the council of state, ii. 152.

=Chardon, Abbe=, on _N.'s_ boyhood, i. 45.

=Charenton=, Marmont and Mortier driven back to, iv. 99.

=Charette=, institutes royalist retaliation on republican prisoners, i. 277.

=Charleroi=, military operations near, iv. 171, 173-177, 179, 180, 196, 208; _N._ at, 175, 177, 211, 239.

=Charles, Archduke=, defeats Jourdan, i. 385; defeated by Moreau, 385; campaign in the Tyrol, 425, 428; ordered into Friuli, 426, 430; military genius, 426; iii. 215; guards Carniola, i. 432; battle on the Tagliamento, 432; on the river Mur, 434; cut off from succor, 436; letter from _N._, 435; defeats Jourdan at Ostrach and Stockach, ii. 88; effect of his successes, 89; defeats Massena at Zuerich, 93; defeated by Massena at Zuerich, 141; withdraws temporarily from service, 160; resumes command after Hohenlinden, 192, 358; commanding Austrian army in Italy, 363; reaches Marburg, 367; position on the Adige, 367; commanding Austrian troops from Italy, 380; the throne of Spain offered to, iii. 166; reorganizes the Austrian army, 198; declares war against France, 199; to operate in Bohemia, 199; plans to rouse the German people, 199; procrastinates, 199; offensive movement in the Danube valley, 204; _N.'s_ plan for meeting, 203; mistakes in the campaign of Eckmuehl, 204-207; crosses the Isar, 205; a lost opportunity, 204; plan of offense, 205; marches against Davout, 205; marches on Ratisbon, 205, 208; force at Ludmannsdorf and Rohr, 207; force at Moosburg, 207; retires to Ratisbon, 209; in battle of Eckmuehl, 209; retires before Davout, 209; _N.'s_ reasons for not pursuing after Eckmuehl, 210; crosses the Danube, 210; makes a stand at Cham, 210, 216; sues for peace, 211, 216; junction with Hiller at Bisamberg, 212, 216; seizes Ratisbon, 216; at Budweis, 216; indecision of, 216; his line on the Danube, 216; advance toward Wagram, 218; attempts to break _N.'s_ bridges, 219; in battles of Aspern and Essling, 219-223; conduct after Aspern, 223-225; seeks the offices of diplomacy, 224; battle of Wagram, 226-232; withdraws toward Znaim, 230; orders Archduke John to attack, 230; pursued by _N._ and Marmont, 235; asks an armistice, 235; quarrels with the Emperor and John, 235; resigns his command, 235; at marriage of Maria Louisa, 256.

=Charles Emmanuel=, succeeds Victor Amadeus, i. 356; retires to Sardinia, ii. 39, 87, 141.

=Charles Emmanuel IV=, invited by Russia to return to Turin, ii. 141.

=Charles Ludwig Frederic, of Baden=, marries Stephanie Napoleone, ii. 399.

=Charles the Great=, his work for civilization, ii. 157; _N.'s_ emulation of, 157; iii. 304, 306; French longings for a modern, ii. 214; restoring the empire of, 233; reversion to state and titles of the reign of, 323; coronation of, 325; gift to the Papacy, 346; his system of "marches," iii. 55; _N._ resumes the grant of, 118; magnificence of his empire, 131; Spanish territory of, 133, 134; his donation to Hadrian I revoked by _N._, 215; his ideal, 319; _N._ compared with, 319; iv. 292; the second, iii. 330; imitation of his times, iv. 165; influence on Europe, 292.

=Charles IV= (of Spain), attachment to Godoy, ii. 204; king of Spain, 289; subserviency to France, and relations with _N._, iii. 71, 126-128, 141; conspires against his son's succession, 71; unites with _N._ in coercing Portugal, 119; scheme to acquire Portugal, 120; character, 124; announces his son's conspiracy, 127; blames the French minister at Madrid, 127; correspondence with _N._, 128, 131, 133; pardons Ferdinand, 127; proposes to cut off Ferdinand's succession, 127; _N._ reveals his policy to, 133; panic-stricken at the French invasion, 133; deposes Godoy, 135; last days of his kingdom, 135; abdicates, 136; repudiates his abdication, 138, 145; seeks Murat's protection, 138; virtual prisoner in the Escorial, 142; deposed, 144-148; summoned to Bayonne, 145; refuses Ferdinand's offer to surrender the crown, 145; pensioned, 147; restrains Gen. Solano's movements, 149; at Compiegne, 148; goes to Marseilles, 149; weakness of, 150; goes to Italy, 149.

=Charles V=, magnificence of his empire, iii. 131.

=Charles X.= _See_ =Artois, Count of=.

=Charles XII of Sweden=, military despotism of, ii. 118.

=Charles XIII=, king of Sweden, ii. 416; succeeds Gustavus IV, iii. 280; makes Bernadette his successor, 280; under _N.'s_ protection, 280; feebleness of his rule, 317.

=Charters=, destruction of feudal, i. 109, 110.

=Chartres=, flight of the Empress and Joseph through, iv. 111.

=Chartres, Duc de= (Louis Philippe), scheme to place him on the French throne, iv. 148.

=Chateaubriand, F. A.=, friendship with Mme. Bacciocchi, ii. 258; literary works, 259; envoy to Valais, 260; a disciple of Rousseau, 259; envoy to Rome, 260; supposed sponsor for the Concordat, 260; influence, 260; his name omitted from the honor list of 1810, iii. 300; on the new constitution, iv. 160.

=Chateau-Thierry=, French occupation of, iv. 63; Bluecher's retreat through, and sack of, 63, 64; Macdonald's failure at, 72; military movements near, 94.

=Chatelet=, military operations near, iv. 174, 177, 179.

=Chatham, Earl of=, compared with Carnot, i. 331; policy toward France, ii. 208.

=Chatillon, Congress of=, iv. 68-75, 79, 87, 88; Caulaincourt's carte blanche at, 69, 70, 88; rumored preliminaries of peace at, 73; sends ultimatum to _N._, 74, 76; closes, 76; capture of some of the diplomats of, 95.

=Chaumont=, surrenders to one Wuertemberg horseman, iv. 51; treaty of, 76, 164; military operations near, 90.

=Chemnitz=, the Saxon army at, ii. 424; contemplated movements at, iv. 23.

=Chenier, Andre=, ii. 350.

=Chenier, M. J.=, driven from the tribunate, ii. 243; "Cyrus," 350; suppresses his writings, iii. 88; rewards for his literary work, 297; opposes the empire, 300; made inspector-general of the university, 301.

=Cheops, Pyramid of=, _N._, in the, ii. 66.

=Cherasco=, capture of, i. 354, 355.

=Chevreuse, Mme. de=, pert remark to _N._, and banishment, iii. 94.

=Chimay, Princess de=, i. 315. _See also_ =Tallien, Mme.=

=China=, _N.'s_ attention turned toward, i. 78.

=Chiusa Veneta=, capture of fort at, i, 433.

=Choiseul, C. A. G.=, refuses protectorate to Corsica, i. 16; his policy toward Corsica, 20-22; disgrace of, 43; _N.'s_ hatred for, 50; scheme of Egyptian conquest, ii. 46.

=Chouans, the=, rebellion of, i. 277, 325, 449; legislation against, ii. 94; the Cadoudal conspiracy, 297 et seq.

=Christian VII=, imbecility of, iii. 70.

=Christianity=, _N.'s_ confusion of ideas concerning, i. 76, 77.

=Church, the=, _N.'s_ attitude toward, and relations with, i. 76, 77, 146, 147, 264; ii. 159, 173, 205, 206, 215, 246, 258, 265, 398, 407; iii. 68, 69, 85, 89, 118, 119, 154, 190, 215, 242, 243, 249, 258, 259, 262-264, 305, 306, 315, 377, 390; demands for reform of, in Corsica, i. 116, 117; enforced contributions by, at Ajaccio, 127; attitude of the French governments toward, and relations with the nation, 244; ii. 91, 131, 216, 258, 325 et seq.; _N.'s_ study of the Gallican, i. 150; reorganization of its property, 152; changes in, 162; sequestration of lands of, 161, 268, 269; Louis XVI's support of, 268; _N.'s_ speculation in sequestered lands of, 288; plotting in, 297; question of allegiance of the clergy, 401; relation to education, ii. 226-228; influence in Austria and Germany, 264; reconstruction in France, 318; scheme for unity of, in Germany, 402; archbishops created counts, iii. 87; degradation in Spain, 123; pillaged in Spain, 158; repressed in the Tyrol, 201; the bishops' court pronounces _N.'s_ first marriage null, 253; attitude toward _N.'s_ second marriage, 258, 259; the College of Cardinals transplanted from Rome to Paris, 258, 264.

=Cicero=, statue at the Tuileries, ii. 147.

=Cintra=, Junot surrenders at, iii. 157, 159, 186.

=Cisalpine Republic, the=, formation of, ii. 10, 21; pillage of, 38; treaty with France, March, 1798, 38; the Valtellina incorporated with, 40; recognized by Prussia, 43; dissolution of, 83; picks a quarrel with Sardinia, 87; reestablishment of, 173, 186, 231; tribute levied on, 186; question of a president for, 230; English efforts to discredit France in, 264.

=Cispadane Republic, the=, i. 401, 402; question of a constitution for, ii. 10.

=Citadella=, battle of, i. 388.

"=Citizen=," use of the term in France, ii. 194.

=Citizenship=, liberty, equality, and fraternity in, i. 110; the primary duty of, 306.

=Ciudad Rodrigo=, Spanish defense of, iii. 284; storming of, 290, 319.

=Civil Code=, introduced into Warsaw, iii. 67. _See also_ =Code=.

=Civil liberty=, developed in inverse ratio to political liberty, ii. 223.

"=Civism=," i. 170, 180, 315.

=Clacy=, captured by _N._, iv. 79.

=Clanship=, i. 10.

=Clarke, Gen.=, letter from _N._, Nov. 19, 1796, i. 399, 400; at Montebello, 452; meeting with _N._, 451; mission to Vienna, 451; French agent in treaty of Campo Formio, ii. 20; recalled to Paris, 20, 23; forbidden to enter Vienna, 42; guardian to King Louis's widow, 233; drives British ships from Tuscan harbors, 287; created Duke of Feltre, iii. 86; ordered to fortify the Spanish frontier, 126; minister of war, iv. 106; member of the Empress-Regent's council, 106, 108; advises the flight of the Empress, 108; prepares for defense of Paris, 109; _N.'s_ rage at, 115.

=Clary, Eugenie Bernardine Desiree=, proposal to wed _N._ to,