ii. 272-274;

obtains thorough knowledge of the East, ii. 440; strategy and diplomacy at Constantinople, 20; end of his influence in Turkey, 33; defeats a Spanish division, 237; moves up the Aube, iv. 91; battle of Arcis-sur-Aube, 92.

=Secret police=, license vice, iii. 92.

=Segovia=, French success at, iii. 156.

=Segur, Count=, minister to Russia, ii. 324; appointed master of ceremonies at the Tuileries, 324, 328; foresees France's discontent, iii. 326; transfers his allegiance to Louis XVIII, iv. 132; plans the ratification of the Additional Act, 166.

=Seine, River, the=, the quays of, iii. 74; military movements on the, iv. 65, 69, 71, 73, 85, 90, 104, 112, 116.

=Selim III=, dismisses viceroys of Moldavia and Wallachia, ii. 441; moves against Russia, 441; declares war against England, iii. 20; overthrow of, 33, 51, 106, 162; held prisoner in the Seraglio, 162; murdered by Mustapha IV, 162.

=Semaphore=, use of, in warfare, iii. 205.

=Semlino=, disposition of the spoils of Moscow at, iii. 358.

=Semonville, Huguet de=, envoy to Constantinople, i. 197; dreads a new Terror, ii. 94.

=Senancour, S. P. de=, "Obermann," ii. 351.

=Senarmont, Gen.=, in battle of Friedland, iii. 31.

=Senate, the=, in 1799; ii. 126, 127, 150-153; orders deportation of suspects, 241; subservience to _N._, 242-244; new methods of electing to, 247; enlargement of its powers, 247; the tool of the First Consul, 320; steps toward creating the empire, 319-322; changes in, under the constitution of 1804, 322; announces the result of the plebiscite, 341; substitution of a hereditary house for the elective, iii. 82; its members ennobled, 87; confirms the divorce, 247; decrees the annexation of the Papal States, 262; decadence of constitutional forms in, 295; speech of Maria Louisa before the, iv. 106; ordered to draft a new constitution, 114; absolves the army from allegiance to _N._, 119; proclaims Louis XVIII, 129, 132.

=Sens=, military movements near, iv. 62, 68; proposal to continue the war from a center at, 103; _N._ at, 105; the French garrison at, 118.

"=Sentimental Journey to Nuits,"= _N.'s_, i. 146.

=September 22=, celebration of, ii. 195.

=Serfdom=, at outbreak of the Revolution, i. 102; abolished in Warsaw, iii. 67.

=Serpalten=, military operations near, iii. 14.

=Serurier, Gen.=, general of division, Army of Italy, i. 345; at siege of Mantua, 415, 418; storms Gradisca, 433; delivers Venice to Austria, ii. 24; action on the 18th Brumaire, 105; commanding at the Point-du-Jour, 108; excites the soldiery at St. Cloud, 116; recreated marshal, iv. 167.

=Serves=, _N._ visits, i. 141.

=Servia=, the rise of, iv. 300.

=Seurre=, disorders in, i. 96.

=Seventh Regiment of the Line=, supports _N._ on his return from Elba, iv. 156.

=Seven Years' War, the=, i. 17, 22; iv. 261, 296.

=Sextuple Alliance, the=, iv. 295.

=Seychelles=, deportation of suspects to the, ii. 241.

=Sezanne=, _N._ at, iv. 61; Marmont at, 74; _N.'s_ plan of movement via, 85.

=Shebreket=, Mameluke attack on the French at, ii. 59; action at, 61.

=Shipping=, harassing regulations by France, ii. 269.

=Shuvaloff, Count=, Russian commissioner at Poischwitz, iii. 414, 417.

=Sicily=, Ferdinand IV king of, i. 421; iii. 319; Nelson seeks the Egyptian expedition at, ii. 57; Nelson returns to, 61; Joseph made king of, 395, 401; proposal that the Bourbons retain power in, 401; _N._ offers England territory as substitute for, 404, 405; England demands the surrender of, 405; withdrawal of English troops from, iii. 111; proposed French seizure of, 111, 112; English troops sent to Portugal from, 122; England threatened with loss of trade with, 272; English expedition to, 284, 294; French expedition against, 308.

=Siena=, Pius VI withdraws to, ii. 39; position in the French Empire, iii. 279.

=Sierra Morena=, defeat of Dupont in, iii. 156.

=Sieyes, Abbe=, pamphlet of the Third Estate, i. 107, 330; character, 330, 331; ii. 92; declines service in the Directory, i. 330, 331; relations with _N._, 330, 331; ii. 35, 49, 94, 100-102; president of the Ancients, 35; venality, 35; mission to Berlin, 41; checkmates Prussia, 43; charged with tampering with Bernadotte, 43; theories of government, constitution-building, etc., 49, 96, 100-102, 117, 118, 125, 126, 149, 322; member of the Directory, 83, 92; relations with Joubert, 92; schemes for a dictatorship, 94, 95; suspected of plotting with the House of Brunswick, 95; brought into the Bonapartist ranks, 96-98; surrenders his leadership, 100; proposed resignation of, 101; scheme to make him consul, 102; difficulty of holding him in the traces, 102, 103; resigns from the Directory, 106, 115; at St. Cloud, 19th Brumaire, 111; consul of France, 123; proceedings for election of First Consul, 129; accepts the estate of Crosne, 130; chief of the Senate, 129, 130; keeper of the Directory's secret funds, 129; negotiations and intrigues in Prussia, 155, 156; relations with the Directory, 155; monarchical schemes for France, 155, 156.

=Siguenza=, Castanos collects his troops at, iii. 185.

=Silesia=, wrested from Austria by Prussia, i. 325; Austria seeks compensation for, 325; Austria's ambition concerning, ii. 358; offer of part of, to Austria, ii. 445; military operations in, iii. 20; iv. 17; _N._ offers it to Austria, iii. 22; _N.'s_ reserve forces in, 22; Prussia retains her strongholds in, 42; position in Europe, 55; remains Prussian, 55, 56; _N._ offers to offset the Danubian principalities against, 106-108, 112; French occupation, 116; Alexander demands relinquishment of designs on, 116; Davout ordered to, 165; Austria stipulates for acquisition of, 320; to be connected with Old Prussia, 398; Austria rejects _N.'s_ offer of, 400; the Army of the East in, iv. 3; contemplated operations in, 7; military operations in, 17; strength of her forces under Bluecher, 62; army of, moves on Paris, 98.

=Silk culture=, introduced into Corsica, i. 80.

=Simplon=, creation of the department of the, iii. 278.

=Simplon Pass=, to pass under French control, ii. 40; the crossing of the, 169, 172; military road through, 233, 349; iii 74.

=Sisteron=, _N.'s_ welcome at, on return from Elba, iv. 154.

=Slave-trade=, revival of the, ii. 236, 237, 245, 269, 270; England protests against, 270.

=Slobozia=, armistice concluded at, iii. 105; treaty of, 163.

=Smith, Adam=, _N.'s_ study of, i. 78.

=Smith, Sir Sidney=, captures French transports, ii. 71; at the siege of Acre, 71, 73; occupies Jaffa, 75; watching _N._ at Alexandria, 79; allows _N._ to slip through his fingers, 82; puts into Cyprus, 82; concludes treaty at El Arish, 181; commanding British fleet at Lisbon, iii. 121; urges Don John to embark for Brazil, 121.

=Smohain=, the farms of, iv. 195; fighting at, 206.

=Smolensk=, _N.'s_ plan to seize, iii. 333; military movements near, 333, 336-340, 350, 355, 356, 362; enthusiasm among the Russians at, iii. 338; strategical position, 338; battle of, 338-341; _N.'s_ military blunder at, 340-343; the shrine at, 339, 343; compared with Acre, 340; French garrison in, 342, 358; concentration of French troops at, iii. 347; guerrilla warfare around, 350; arrival of the French army at, in its retreat, 362; massacre of French stragglers in, 362; shameful scenes in, 362; abandonment of wounded at, 363; the march to Lithuania from, 363; reorganization of the army at, 363; destruction of the fortifications of, 363; Ney's perilous retreat from, 364.

=Smorgoni=, _N.'s_ desertion of his army at, iii. 373, 375.

=Social contract=, _N.'s_ views concerning the, i. 77, 267.

=Social customs, privileges=, etc., i. 100-103; _N.'s_ study of, 137, 138, 145, 150.

=Soedermannland, Duke of=, attempts the siege of Hameln, ii. 416.

=Soignes=, fears of Wellington's withdrawal behind, iv. 190; Wellington's position in front of, 192, 195.

=Soissons=, Maria Louisa's progress through, iii. 257; Mortier at, iv. 74, 86; Bluecher recruits his forces at, 76; surrenders to the allies, 77, 83; French retreat to, 80; _N._ at, 80; the French army leaves, 81.

=Sokolnitz=, fighting at, ii. 385-388.

=Solano, Gen.=, makes ineffectual movement against the French, iii. 149.

=Solothurn=, the plundering of, ii. 40.

=Solre=, Gen. d'Erlon at, iv. 170.

=Sombreffe=, military movements near, iv. 171, 175-180.

=Somerset, Gen. F. J. H.=, in battle of Waterloo, iv. 202.

=Sommepuis=, military movements near, iv. 91.

=Sommesous=, military movements near, iv. 91.

=Somosierra=, crossing the pass of, iii. 186.

=Sophia Dorothea=, wife of Jerome, iii. 322.

=Sortlack, Forest of=, military movements in the, iii. 30.

=Souham, Gen.=, in battle of Leipsic, iv. 32; at Nogent, 102; left in command at Essonnes, 124; seduced by Marmont, 125; summoned to Fontainebleau, 126; delivers his army prisoners to the Austrians, 126, 127.

=Soult, Marshal=, commanding force at Tarentum, ii. 204; service in the Army of England, 291; created marshal, 323; character, 364; iii. 286; seizes Memmingen, ii. 366; reaches Hollabrunn, 379; battle of Austerlitz, 384-388; at Muenchberg, 428; battle of Jena, 429-432; invests Magdeburg, 436; battle of Pultusk, iii. 4; strength in Poland, 7; campaign of Eylau, 15; at Osterode, 18; battle of Heilsberg, 28; pursues Lestocq from Friedland, 31; created Duke of Dalmatia, 86; yearly income, 87, 296; movement against Blake, 185; lack of vigor of movement, 185; ordered to Mansilla, 188; entrusted with the pursuit of Moore, 189; battle of Corunna, 188; crosses the Esla, 188; defeated by Wellesley in Portugal, 236; causes Wellesley to withdraw, 237; service in Spain, 284; ordered to Andalusia, 286; ordered to join Massena in Portugal, 286; jealousy of Massena, 286; before Cadiz, 286; fails to relieve Massena, 286; defeated in attack on Sir John Moore, 286; captures Badajoz, 287; invasion of Portugal (1809), 287; occupies Oporto, 287; expelled from Portugal, 287; failure in Spain, 287; battle of Talavera, 287; made commander-in-chief, 287; bickerings with Joseph, 287; battle of Ocana, 287, 288; aims to win the crown of Portugal, 287, 296; retreats toward the south coast, 289; returns to Cadiz, 289; defeated at Albuera, 289; marches to relief of Badajoz, 289; joins Massena, 289; marches to Joseph's aid, 290; abandons Cadiz, 290; despatched on Pyrenean campaign, 421; shut up in Bayonne, iv. 40; thrown back on Toulouse, 81; strength, March, 1814, 102; available forces of, 118; defeat at Toulouse, 148; appointed minister of war, 148; revival of imperial sentiment in his army, 157; opposed to Murat, 157; recreated marshal, 167; chief of staff in the Waterloo campaign, 171, 190; blunder before Charleroi, 173, 174; cognizant of Bluecher's movement to Wavre, 191; orders to Grouchy, 194, 214; battle of Waterloo, 204; on inspiration, 248.

=Sound, the=, threats to close it to English commerce, iii. 69.

=South America=, Spanish concessions to France in, ii. 205; England's commerce with, iii. 55; England threatens to make Spanish colonies independent, 71.

=Spain=, affinity with Corsica, i. 9; Bourbon influence in, 22; expected enmity of, i. 187; goes to defense of Toulon, 221; blockades Mediterranean ports, 239; _N.'s_ relations with, and attitude toward, 247; ii. 18, 203, et seq., 289, 332, 405; iii. 54, 71, 127, 131, 139, 149, 151, 157, 178, 190, 280 et seq., 293, 307, 319; iv. 30, 52; growth of liberal ideas in, i. 276; withdraws from the coalition (1795), 324; relations and alliances with France, 341, 421; ii. 203-206, 288-290, 332, 349, 358, 359, 371; iii. 78, 120, 132, 190; _N._ proposes to hand Rome over to, i. 420; drives Admiral Mann from the Mediterranean, 421; destruction of fleet off Cape St. Vincent, 456; diplomatic offset of Naples against, ii. 18; war with Portugal, 18; preparations for action in, 37; schemes of revolutionary propaganda for, 44; naval inaction, 67; low intrigues in, 204; effect of Marengo in, 204; Godoy prime minister, 204; proposed incorporation of Portugal with, 211; recovers colonies under the peace of Amiens, 262; exchanges Louisiana for Etruria, 272; England attacks her commerce, 289; exasperated over sale of Louisiana, 289; treaties with France, 289, 332; loses Trinidad and Louisiana, 332; war with England, Dec., 1804, 332; her maritime forces controlled by France, 332; humiliates Portugal, 332; naval power shattered at Trafalgar, 374; _N._ offers part of her territory to England, 405; called on for troops by France, iii. 22; proposal that she acquire Portugal, 67; attempt to bring her into the coalition, 71; incapacity of the Bourbons in, 70; _N._ encourages dissensions in, 71; decay and humiliation, 71, 123, 126, 134, 150; revolt against Godoy, 70; embargo on English commerce, 72; the fleet ordered to Toulon, 71; necessity for the "regulation" of her affairs, 111; the situation in, 118; secret compact with France for partition of Portugal, 120; new title for the king, 120; plans for invasion of, 120; scheme to acquire Portugal, 120; depletion of the army, 123; depopulation, 124; corruption, 124; social life, 124; degradation of the Church in, 124; primogeniture and land tenure, 124; factions of the crown prince and of the prime minister, 125; _N._ tempted by her colonies, 127, 133; arrest of the crown prince, 126; fortifying the French frontier, 126; announcement of the crown prince's conspiracy, 127; the "secret hand" in, 128; expected regeneration by France, 127; Dupont ordered to invade, 128; benefits accruing to England from troubles in, 131; _N._ on the intestinal troubles in, 131; the crown given to Joseph, 131, 150, 169, 280, 318; French invasion and occupation of, 132-135, 149, 151; deposition of Godoy from office, 134; Murat assumes command in, 135; popular outbreaks, 135, 140; abdication of Charles IV, 136; patriotic and national spirit in, 137-141, 151-156, 284, 288, 290;