History of Civilization in England, Vol. 3 of 3

[685] 'In years of scarcity, the difficulty and uncertainty of subsistence make all such people eager to return to service. But the high price of provisions, by diminishing the...

The remaining part of this volume, I purpose to devote to an attempt to unravel still further that two-fold paradox, which forms the prominent peculiarity of the history of Scot...

Scarcely had James mounted the throne of England, when he began seriously, and on a large scale, to attempt to subjugate the Scotch Church, which, as he clearly saw, was the pri...

In the preceding view of the rise and decay of Spain, I have sought to exhibit the successive steps by which what was formerly one of the greatest nations of the earth, was brok...

Early in the fifteenth century, the alliance between the Crown and the Church, and the determination of that alliance to overthrow the nobles, became manifest. Indications of th...

To complete the history and analysis of the Scotch mind, I have now to examine the peculiar intellectual movement which appeared in the eighteenth century, and which, for severa...

contemporary narrative, in _A Diurnal of Occurrents_, p. 269, sounds much more vigorous to my ear. 'In all this tyme' (1559), 'all kirkmennis goodis and geir wer spoulzeit and r...

This, however, was not the question now at issue.[242] The point to be decided was one, not of revenue, but of power. For the clergy knew full well, that if they established the...

Government, inquiry into the influence of, on the progress of society, i. 272. Illustrated by the abolition of the corn laws, 273. The most important measures of modern British...

Rome, causes of the persecutions of the Christians by the Emperors of, i. 185. Reason of the evanescence of the civilization of ancient, 267. Voltaire's services in purging the...

[674] 'In all countries where there is a tolerable security, every man of common understanding will endeavour to employ whatever stock he can command, in procuring either presen...

Potato, the principal food of the labouring classes in Ireland, i. 65. Time of its introduction into that country, 65 _note_. The potato crop compared with that of wheat, 65. Us...

This is well worthy of notice; because the inductive method being essentially anti-theological, it might have been expected that the opponents of the theological spirit would ha...

Earthquakes, tendency of the fear of, to inflame the imagination, i. 122. Effect of the atmospherical changes preceding earthquakes upon the nervous system of man, 122. Physiolo...

Money, notions of the use of, in trade, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, i. 210-212. Right of coining allowed to the aristocracy of France, but never in England, ii....

William III., main characteristics of the reign of, i. 402, 403. Eulogy of Sir A. Alison, 403 _note_. Hostility between the King and the clergy, 405. His abolition of episcopacy...

Feudal system, origin of the, in Europe, ii. 110. Connexion between it and the ecclesiastical spirit, 110, 111. Does not destroy the spirit of protection, but only compels it to...

America, South, no great river on the western side of, i. 97, 98. Difference between the heat and moisture of the eastern and western coasts of, 100. Way in which the trade-wind...

Lords, House of, abandons its pretensions to an original jurisdiction in civil suits, i. 384. Origin of the disrepute into which the, fell in the reign of George III., 451-453....

Cromwell, Oliver, his alliance with Cardinal Mazarin, ii. 98. Irritation of the orthodox with their union, 98. His hostility to the Church not theological, but political, 361 _n...

Clergy, the influence of the, the cause of the corruption of early history, i. 307. Their meddling, inquisitive, and vexatious spirit, ii. 72. Supremacy of the clergy in the Dar...

Philip II. of Spain, his fondness for bacon, i. 314 _note_. His hatred of the Calvinists, ii. 341. His character, 449, 450. His war against the Dutch Protestants, 451. Object of...

Centralization, in France, the natural successor of feudality, ii. 122. Its baneful effects, 123. How the system actually works, 123 _note_. Its results in France compared with...

United States of North America, rent paid by the cultivator in, in proportion to the gross produce of the land, i. 75. Causes of low rent, 76 _note_. Comparison of the history o...

Bichat, impetus given to the study of zoology by, ii. 376. Sketch of his method of investigation of the human frame, 379. His views respecting the tissues, 379. Publication of h...

The Crown, in its efforts against the nobles, was encouraged by the clergy; and before the middle of the fifteenth century, the Church and the aristocracy were completely estran...

Revolution, the French, preparations for the, ii. 213. Precursors of the, 230, 247. Causes of the hideous peculiarities of the, 248. Its proximate causes, after the middle of th...

Fronde, war of the, analogy between it and the civil war in England, ii. 99. Difference between the Fronde and the great English Rebellion, 149. Character and position of the le...

The movement being essentially democratic, could not stop there, but quickly spread from the Church to the State. In 1639, war was made upon Charles I. by the Scotch, who, havin...

Kings, causes of the diminution of the respect formerly felt for, ii. 182. Reasons why their information is inaccurate, and their prejudices numerous, 183. Their nonsensical or...

Literature, influence of on the progress of society, i. 266. Result which is sure to happen to a literature above the level of its age, 266, 267. Illustrations from Greece, Rome...

Melville, Andrew, takes the lead of the Scotch reformed church, iii. 93. Begins a struggle with the State, which lasted for sixty years, 94. His name of [Greek: episkopomastix],...

Tigers worshipped by the Hajin tribe, i. 125 _note_. Superstitions of the Garrows and Seiks respecting them, 125 _note_. How regarded by the Malasir, 125 _note_. And by the inha...

Hence, in the seventeenth century, secular interests were neglected, and theological ones became supreme. Illustration of this, from the zeal of the people to hear sermons of in...

Consciousness, faculty or state of the mind so called, i. 14. Different opinions respecting, 14 _note_. Its fallibility, 15. Authorities as to the preservation of consciousness...

Statistics, study of, i. 2. Importance of, 23 _note_. Of murder and other crimes, 24-29. Value of statistics in the light thrown upon the study of human nature, 33. Early writer...

Theology, state of the, of Europe from the sixth to the tenth centuries, i. 270. Attempts to make politics a mere branch of theology, 326-328. Theological justification of perse...

The Scotch unite liberality in politics with illiberality in religion. This is the largest and most important fact in their history; and the rest of the Volume will be occupied...

Persecution of the Christians under the Roman Emperors, causes of, i. 185. And of those of Spain, 187. Causes of the diminution of religious persecution, 188. Number of persons...

Calvinism, its feud with Arminianism, ii. 338. Calvinism always democratic, 339. This doctrine one for the poor, 340. Animosity of the Church of Rome against it, 341. Reasons wh...

Tartars, origin of the, according to the writers of the Middle Ages, i. 313. And according to Whiston, 313 _note_. Effects of the barrenness of the steppes of, in keeping the pe...

Christianity, influence of religion on the progress of society illustrated by the early history of, i. 258. And by the history of Catholicism and Protestantism, 261. Baneful eff...

America, Central, ancient civilization of, i. 93. Ruins and statues extant in, 93 _note_. Evidences of the unequal distribution of wealth in, 94. Question as to the races which...

Buffon, his knowledge of the English language and literature, ii. 218. His translations of Newton and Hales, 218. Compelled to publish a recantation of some of his views on geol...

Wesley, John, his abilities as a theological statesman, i. 421, 422. Calumnies and insults to which he and his followers were subjected by the clergy, 423. His ambitious views a...

Wealth, effects of climate, food, and soil on the accumulation of, i. 41. Effects of wealth on the existence of an intellectual class, 42. Physical causes by which the creation...

Population, connexion between food and the laws of, i. 57. Case of the potato and Irish population, 66. A poor diet said to be more favourable to fecundity than a rich one, 68 _...

The rest of the Volume will be occupied with a still closer investigation of the double paradox presented by the history of Scotland; namely, 1st, that the same people should be...

Turgot, M., his lectures and their influence, ii. 320. Sir James Mackintosh's opinion of his writings, 321. Influence he exercised shortly before the Revolution, 329. His anti-e...

Catholics, Roman, their doctrines compared with those of Protestants, i. 261. Importance of the Toleration Act to them, 402 _note_. Causes which led to the feeling in favour of...

The failure of their literature in diminishing this illiberality during the eighteenth century, was the result of the peculiar method of the inquiry adopted by the Scotch philos...