i. 318

Turpin, M., suppression of his 'History of Siam,' ii. 238

Understanding, Kant's views as to the scientific conception of the, i. 18 _note_. Why controlled by the imagination in India, and paramount in Greece, 138-146

United States of North America, rent paid by the cultivator in, in proportion to the gross produce of the land, i. 75. Causes of low rent, 76 _note_. Comparison of the history of England with that of the United States, 240. Characteristics of American literature, 241. Love of the people for the study of the law, 241 _note_. Policy of George III. respecting, 477, 479. His hatred of the Americans, 480 _note_. Effect of the Declaration of Independence in hastening the French Revolution, ii. 416

Usury-laws, Adam Smith's views as to the, i. 214 _note_. Jeremy Bentham's demolition of the, 214 _note_. Increase of usury due to the attempts of legislators to keep it down, 283. Efforts of the Church to suppress it, 283 _note_. Jeremy Bentham's treatment of the usury-laws referred to, 284 _note_

Vanity compared with pride, ii. 163

Vassy, massacre of, predominance of the theological spirit shown in the, ii. 11

Vattel, his views as to political economy, i. 212 _note_. His principles of foreign policy compared with those of Grotius, ii. 40 _note_

Vega, Lope de, his offices in the Church and in the Inquisition, ii. 479. His joy at the expulsion of the Moors from Spain, 496 _note_

Velly, character of his 'History of France,' ii. 300

Vendôme, Duc de, his command of the Spanish army, ii. 517

Veneration, origin of, ii. 171

Venner, the fifth-monarchy man, ii. 155

Vergil, Polydore, his attack of the popular belief in the Trojan descent of the English kings, i. 309 _note_

Verse, historical and scientific works written in, i. 293, 294 _note_. See Poetry

Vico, his opinions as to the real history of Rome, ii. 314

Villaret, character of his 'History of France,' ii. 300

Villaviciosa, Spanish poet, his office in the Inquisition, ii. 481

Vienna, defeat of the Turks before, ii. 447

Villenage, extinction of, in England, ii. 128

Visigoths, their settlement in Spain, and establishment of their Arian opinions there, ii. 434. Attacked by the orthodox Franks, under Clovis and his successors, 435

Voisins, Gilbert des, his Jansenism, ii. 345

Volcanic eruption of 1815 at Sumbawa, i. 126 _note_

Voltaire, his visit to England and study of its language and literature, ii. 216-218. His admiration for England, 228. Persecutions to which he was exposed, 231. His method of writing history compared with that of Bossuet, 291. As instanced in his 'History of Charles X.,' 292. Turns his attention to physical and speculative science, 295. Returns to history, 295. His 'Age of Louis XIV.,' 296. His 'Morals, Manners, and Character of Nations,' 297. His intellect, 301. His habit of looking at epochs, and not at the character of the men by whom a country is governed, 301. His tragedies, 302. His endeavours to explain the origin of feudality, 302. His remark on licentious religious ceremonies, 303. The first historian to recommend free trade, 304. His anticipation of Malthus's principle, 304. His attack on the admiration entertained for the Middle Ages, 305. And for the pedantic admirers of antiquity and classical models, 306-308. Ignorant prejudice against him in England, 313. His vast labours aided by Montesquieu, 314

Wace, his translation into Anglo-Norman of Geoffrey of Monmouth's history, i. 325

Wages, in what they consist, i. 52. And on what they depend, 53. Enquiry into the physical conditions which over supply the labour market and keep the average rate of wages at a low point, 54 _et seq._ Effects of climate on wages, 62-64. Social and political consequences of the high rate of wages in Europe, 65. Highest, lowest, and average rates of wages in England during the last few years, 66 _note_. Rates of wages in Ireland, 67. And in India, 73, 74. Adam Smith's views as to the conflict between capital and, iii. 327

Wales, injuries done by clerical historians to the traditions of the bards of, i. 306

Wall, his part in Spanish affairs, ii. 544

Walpole, Sir Robert, endeavours of the House of Commons to hunt him to the death, i. 452. His refusal to tax the colonies, 478

War, decline of the practice of, i. 190. Causes of this, 190, 191, 198. Military spirit of Russia and Turkey, and its causes, 195, 196. Love of war extinct in England, 198. Contrast between the military genius of ancient and modern Europe, 199-202. Causes of the decay of this genius in modern times, 202-223. The right of private war allowed to the French nobles, ii. 115. Early extinction of private war in England, 138

Warburton, Dr., Bishop of Gloucester, his separation of theology from politics, i. 425. Effect of his opinions, 426

Watches, superiority of the English in the seventeenth century, ii. 193 _note_

Water, methods employed by Watt and Cavendish in the discovery of,