i. 435

Reptiles, noxious, worship of, i. 126 _note_

Respiration, theory of, ii. 367

Retz, Cardinal de, character of, ii. 102. Secular view taken by him of political affairs, 102

Reviews, literary periodical, origin of, i. 433

Revolution of 1688, proximate cause of the, i. 399, 400. Importance of the, to England, 402. Sudden repentance of the clergy in having promoted it, 403

Revolution, the French, preparations for the, ii. 213. Precursors of the, 230, 247. Causes of the hideous peculiarities of the, 248. Its proximate causes, after the middle of the eighteenth century, 323. The first epoch through which the French intellect passed in the eighteenth century, viz., the attack on the Church, 323. The second epoch, viz., the attack on the State, 327. Rise of the political economists, 327. Sudden increase of works relating to finance and other questions of government, 328. Influence of Rousseau, 330, 331. Attack of the government on the Church, 332. Machault's edict against mortmain, 332. Excitement caused by the edict, 333 _note_. The anti-ecclesiastical policy of Machault's successors, 333. Religious toleration of the government, 434. Revival of Jansenism in France, and consequent overthrow of the Jesuits, 344, 345. After the fall of the Jesuits, the fall of the clergy inevitable, 347. Reasons for this, 349. Rise and progress of atheistical opinions in France, 351. Study of physical phenomena in France in connexion with the Revolution, 375-404. Effect of the American Rebellion in hastening the Revolution in France, 416, 417. Jefferson's part in the final blow dealt to the French government, 418. Summary of the causes of the French Revolution, 418

Revolution, the Scottish, of 1559, iii. 81

Rey, the first European philosophic chemist, ii. 197

Rhyme, antiquity of, i. 293 _note_

Rice, the general food of the people of India, i. 70. Nutritive qualities of, 70, 71. Immense yield of a rice-crop, 71

Richard I. of England, historical error as to his appellation of the Lion, i. 299

Richardson, admiration of Diderot for the works of, ii. 218

Richelieu, Cardinal, his character, ii. 27, 29. Compared with Napoleon, 27. Fails to diminish the power of the French nobility, 28. Effectually humbles the clergy, 29-31. His treatment of the clergy how regarded by them, 33. Charges brought against him, 34. Review of his career, 34, 35. Supports the new secular scheme of government against the old ecclesiastical schemes, 36. His liberal treatment of the Protestants, 37-42. His endeavours to save the Palatine, 38. The peculiar glory of his administration, 39. Correspondence of his policy in regard to the French Protestant and Catholic Churches, 42 _et seq._ Puts down the rebellion of the Protestants, but abstains from persecuting them, 73. Confirms the Edict of Nantes, 74. Determines on the siege of Rochelle, 74. Reasons why he put down the Protestant party, 75, 76. His liberal policy part only of a much larger movement, 76. Analogy of the philosophy of Descartes with Richelieu's anti-theological policy, 83, 92

Rio de Janeiro, vigour and profusion of the vegetation near, i. 103 _note_

Rioja, Spanish poet, ii. 480

Riolan, period in which he flourished, ii. 194

Ripperda, his services to Spain, ii. 519, 542

Roads in Scotland in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, iii. 5, 6 _note_. Aversion of the Highlanders to roads, 159, 160 _note_

Robertson, Dr., value of his 'History of Scotland,' iii. 19 _note_

Robinson, John, Bishop of Bristol, the last ecclesiastic who held any of the high offices of state, i. 417 _note_

Rochelle, La, intolerance of the Protestants in the town of, ii. 57. Determinations of the general assembly of 1620, ii. 63, 64. The civil war and its character, 63-66. Peace of La Rochelle, 66. The great siege of, 74

Rochester, first printing office in, i. 432 _note_

Rohan, Duc de, employed by Richelieu, ii. 44. De Rohan and his brother Soubise the only staunch Protestant leaders in 1621, 49. An amnesty granted to him by Richelieu, 75

Rohan, Chevalier de, his ill-treatment of Voltaire, ii. 231

Roland, Madame, her knowledge of the English language and literature,