ii. 236, 237

Linnæus, his artificial botanical system superseded by the French natural method, ii. 376, 397

Literature, American, characteristics of, i. 241

Literature, influence of on the progress of society, i. 266. Result which is sure to happen to a literature above the level of its age, 266, 267. Illustrations from Greece, Rome, and Germany, 267. In what real knowledge consists, 268. Men and countries where erudition merely ministers to ignorance, 269. Condition and effects of the literature of Europe from the sixth to the tenth centuries, 269, 270. Effect of the monopoly of literature by the clergy, 307. Character of the literature of India, 132. And of ancient Greece, 137

Literature, English--characteristics of, in the reign of Charles II., i. 234. Influence of the intellect of France on Dryden's plays, 235 _note_. Causes which have maintained the independence, and increased the value of English literature, 235 _note_. Change in the form and make of English literature in the last century, 436. Coleridge's lamentations of this change, 437 _note_. Addison's establishment of the easy and democratic style, 437. Failure of an attempt to revive the pedantic style, 437 _note_. Abolition of servile dedications, 438. Introduction of the plan of publishing books by subscription, 439. First instance of a popular writer attacking public men by name, 439. English literature unknown to the French at the end of the seventeenth century, ii. 214 _note_. But begun to be studied after the death of Louis XIV., 215. Its services to French, and thence to European liberty, 227

Literature, French, effect of, on English writings, i. 235. Characteristics of French literature at the time of Descartes and Richelieu, ii. 93, 94. The protective spirit carried by Louis XIV. into literature, 176. Result in an alliance between literature and government, 176, 177. Servility of men of letters at this time, 177. Injurious effects of the protective system of Louis XIV. upon literature, 182. And of pensions to literary men, 183, 187. The literary splendour of the reign of Louis XIV. not of his creation, 188, 189. Causes of its decay in his reign, 208. Causes of the junction of English and French intellects after the death of Louis XIV. Systematic and prolonged persecution to which literature was exposed in the eighteenth century, 230-242. Proposal of the avocat-general as to the publication of new works, 245. Why the Church, and not the government, was first attacked by literary men, 247. State of French historical literature from the end of the sixteenth to the end of the eighteenth century, 261 _et seq._

Literature, German, since the middle of the eighteenth century, i. 237. Origin of, 237. Remarks on Mr. Kay's picture of German education, 238 _note_. Mr. Laing's observations on the German literary class, 239 _note_

Literature, Scotch, poverty of, down to the commencement of the eighteenth century, iii. 183. Buchanan and Napier, 183. Character of the Scotch philosophical literature of the eighteenth century, 281. Reasons why the Scotch literature of the eighteenth century was unable to affect the nation, iii. 465

Literature, Spanish, causes which gave it its adventurous and romantic tone, ii. 433, 434. Hold retained by the Spanish Church over the highest and lowest intellects, 479

Liver, business of the, i. 148. The liver and lungs always compensatory, 148. Size of the f[oe]tal liver, 149 _note_

Locke, John, his views as to the use of money in trade, i. 212 _note_. Causes of his Socinian views, 363. His death, ii. 374

Locomotion, effect of improved means of, in weakening the love of war,