i. 201

Free Trade. See Trade.

Free will, probable origin of the dogma of, i. 9. Foundation of the theory of, 13. Connexion of free will with Arminianism, 14

Féret, causes of his imprisonment in the Bastille, ii. 235

Fresnel, his researches into the laws of light, ii. 362

Frewen, Dr., Archbishop of York, his character, i. 392

Froissart, his the earliest instance in the Middle Ages of an improvement in writing history, i. 325

Fronde, war of the, analogy between it and the civil war in England, ii. 99. Difference between the Fronde and the great English Rebellion, 149. Character and position of the leaders of the Fronde, 160. And consequent failure of the rebellion, 168-173

Fruit, amount of carbon in, i. 61

Fuch's, his investigations in the vegetable kingdom, ii. 198 _note_

Gaimar, his translation into Anglo-Norman of Geoffrey Monmouth's history, i. 325

Garlon, suppression of the 'Therapeutics' of, ii. 238

Garrows, cause of their superstitions respecting the tiger, i. 125 _note_

Gascoigne, his invention of the micrometer, ii. 192

Gassion, raised to the dignity of French marshal, ii. 98. Authorities respecting him, 98 _note_

Gaul, origin of the name of, according to the historians of the Middle Ages, i. 311

Génard, suppression of his 'School of Man,' ii. 238

Geoffrey, Archdeacon of Monmouth, his history of King Arthur, i. 321. Translations of the work, 324, 325

Geography, physical, study of, i. 2

Geology, first exhibition of the sceptical character of, i. 429 _note_. Views of Dr. Arnold and Mr. Baden Powell, 430 _note_. Buffon's recantation of some of his views on, ii. 236. Causes of its great progress in modern times, 365. Labours of French geologists at the latter part of the last century, 368. Cuvier's foundation of palæontological science, 369 _note_. Remains of organic and inorganic life in the secondary and tertiary strata, 370. The doctrine of universal changes, 369, 371. Daubenton's union of comparative anatomy with geology, 371. Character of Hutton's geological speculations, iii. 388, 396. Causes which have altered and are still altering the crust of the earth, 388. The deductive and inductive methods of studying geology, 390. William Smith's foundation of English geology, 391. Werner's foundation of the German school, 393. Hall's verification of Hutton's views, 401

Geometry, algebra first successfully applied to, by Descartes, ii. 77. Who is regarded as the first geometrician of the age, 80. Ages of Descartes and Fermat, 189, 190. Hypothetical arguments as exhibited by, iii. 306

George I., his utter ignorance of the English language, i. 441

George II., his indifferent knowledge of the English language, i. 441. His ignorance of English politics, 442. His highest ambition, 442 _note_

George III., fortunate circumstances which surrounded his accession, i. 444. Revival of the doctrine of divine right, 445. The king's respect for church ceremonies, 445 _note_. Alliance between the Crown and the clergy, 445. The king's ignorance, 446. And hatred of great statesmen, 446, 447. Favour with which he regarded slavery, 447. His hatred of the French, 448. The 'King's Friends,' 448, 449. Notorious incapacity of his ministers, 449. His hatred of the elder Pitt and of Fox, 449, 450. Mode in which he brought the House of Lords into disrepute, 453. His hatred of the Americans, 466. Favours Burke in his violent old age, 476, 477. His policy respecting the American colonies, 477, 479. Reaction of this policy upon England, 481, 482. His policy towards the French republic, 484 _et seq._ His monstrous principles, 466. His inability however, to do harm to English institutions, 466

George IV., his character, ii. 466

Germany, Comparison of the history of England and, i. 237. Interference of the German governments with the people, 237. Origin of German literature, 237. Character of German intellect among the highest and lowest minds, 238, 239. Process through which the esoteric literature of Germany is passing at the present time, 267. Cultivation of metaphysics in Germany in the latter part of the last century,