i. 221-223

Logarithms, discovery of, iii. 183

Logos, influence of the Platonism of Alexandria in developing the idea of the, ii. 286

London, the Great Plague and Fire of, i. 387

Lords, House of, abandons its pretensions to an original jurisdiction in civil suits, i. 384. Origin of the disrepute into which the, fell in the reign of George III., 451-453. Abolished, ii. 153

Lotos bread of Egypt, i. 87. Herodotus on the lotos, quoted, 87 _note_

Loudun, insolence of the Protestant assembly of, ii. 61

Louis, Saint, of France, his etymology of the word Tartar, i. 313 _note_

Louis, suppression of his thesis on 'Generation,' ii. 238

Louis IX. of France, recognizes the right of the nobles to wage private war, ii. 116

Louis XIII., his protection of the French protestants, ii. 25. Le Vassor's 'Histoire de Louis XIII.,' 30 _note_. Heretics not only protected during his reign, but openly rewarded, 43. Illtreated by the Protestants whom he had protected, 57, 58, 60

Louis XIV., his accession, ii. 96. The protective spirit carried into literature during his reign, 176. Character of the King's private life and public career, 178. His revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and the results, 178-181. His reign notwithstanding held up by some to admiration, 181. Gratitude of men of letters to him, 181. Injurious effect of his system of protection upon literature, 182-187. The literary glory of his reign not his work, 188. Scarcely anything added during his reign to the sum of human knowledge, 189-202. Causes of this intellectual decay, 202. Universal decline of France in every department during the latter part of his reign, 210-212. His death, 213. The retrograde movement in historical literature in the reign of, 273. Causes of this, 273. His treatment of literary men, 274-277. His thirst for glory, 277. Voltaire's 'Age of Louis XIV.,' 296. His disposition to favour the King, 297

Louis XVI., rupture between England and France caused by the execution of, i. 485. His edict granting civil rights to the Huguenots, ii. 335

Loyalty, causes which weakened, in the reign of Charles II., i. 388. Origin of the deep feelings of loyalty among the French people, ii. 249. And among the Spaniards, 249 _note_. The loyalty of the English and French compared, 250, 251. Causes of the loyalty of the Spaniards, 455 _et seq._ Connexion between loyalty and superstition, 455. Old punishments for disloyalty in Spain, 458. The loyalty of Spain contrasted with that of Scotland, iii. 2

Lulli, the French musician, ii. 207

Lungs, connexion between carbonized food and the respiratory functions, i. 148. The lungs and liver always compensatory, 148

Mably, his admiration for England, ii. 229. Suppression of his 'Observations on the History of France,' 236. Guizot's edition of this work, 236. Character of his 'History of France,' 300

Macaulay, Mr., character of his 'History of England,' i. 394 _note_

Macchiavelli, his views as to the real history of Rome, ii. 314 _note_

Machault, controller-general of France, his edict against mortmain, ii. 332. Dislike of the clergy for him, 333. Favour with which he regarded the Jansenists, 344

Madden, Sir F., his edition of Wace's 'Brut,' i. 325 _note_

Madrid, decline in the population of, in the seventeenth century, ii. 501. Starving condition of the people of, 505, 509. Scenes of robbery and murder in consequence, 509-511. No public library in, in 1679, 527. Beautified by Charles III., 561

Magendie, his division of food into azotized and non-azotized, i. 55 _note_

Maize, its extraordinary fecundity in Mexico and Peru, i. 109. Most probably peculiar to the American continent, 109

Malaga captured from the Arabs, ii. 440

Malayo-Polynesian race, causes of the corruption of the early histories of the, i. 305. Eastern and western limits of the, 304, 305 _note_

Malebranches, his 'Inquiry respecting Truth,' ii. 209

Malesherbes, M., his attack on church property in France, ii. 333

Mallet, character of his 'History of Denmark,' ii. 299

Malus, his researches into the laws of light, ii. 362

Malthus, principle of his work anticipated by Voltaire, ii. 304

Man modified by nature and nature modified by man, i. 20. Inquiry into the laws of this double modification, 20. Inferences respecting human actions, 21. Two classes of actions, 22. The powers of man unlimited, 51. Modes in which his energies are checked by the energies of nature, 119. Laws of the process by which the mind of man is influenced by the aspects of nature, 119. Effects of the force and majesty of nature in the tropics, 120. Causes which give birth to superstition, 122, 123. Fictions in Sanscrit literature as to the longevity of the human race at an early period of the world, 135. Moral and intellectual progress of man, 174. No evidence of the improvement of the natural faculties of man, 176. Dependence of his progress on an improvement of the circumstances under which his faculties come into play, 178. The standard of action having varied in every age, the causes of action must be variable, 179. Stationary character of moral principles, 180. Progressive aspect of intellectual truths, 181. Ignorant men always mischievous in proportion to their sincerity, 183. Religious persecutions in Rome and Spain, 185-188. More virtue than vice in every country, 221. Inferences to be drawn as to the causes of social progress, 224. The totality of human actions governed by the totality of human knowledge, 229

Manchester, Earl of, joins the Parliamentary forces, ii. 151

Manichæans, their doctrine of predestination, i. 13

Manrent, in Scotland, iii. 65 _note_

Mansfield, Lord, his speech on the Theological Society, i. 436 _note_

Manufactures, few and insignificant improvements made in, in France during the reign of Louis XIV., ii. 193. Sudden rise of the manufactures in Scotland, in 1707, iii. 171, 172

Marat, his knowledge of the English language and literature, ii. 224

Marchand, Prosper, his 'Dictionnaire Historique,' ii. 267 _note_

Margat, suppression of his 'History of Tamerlane,' ii. 235

Marlborough, Duke of, character of, i. 201

Marmontel, how treated by a French noble, ii. 239, 240

Marriages, determined by uniformity of sequence, and not by the temper and wishes of individuals, i. 32. Effects of the price of food upon marriages, 32

Marsy, his 'Analysis of Bayle' suppressed, ii. 236

Martin, bishop of Tours, Bossuet's estimate of, ii. 287. The Benedictines' life of, 288. His miracles, 288 _note_

Martyrs, adoration of, in the early ages of the Church, i. 145 _note_

Mary, Queen, restores England to Catholicism, ii. 7. But fails to effect a restoration of church property, 7 _note_

Mary of Guise, her marriage with James V. of Scotland, iii. 63. Her attempt to establish a standing army, 77. Becomes regent, 77. Deposed, 80

Masillon, the last of the great French pulpit orators, ii. 348

Masquerades forbidden by the French Protestants, ii. 70

Mathematicians, their pretence to certainty in their own pursuits, ii. 326. The study of mathematics in France in the seventeenth century, 189

Mathew of Westminster, his history of Judas, i. 316. His origin of the custom of kissing the Pope's toe, 317. His etymology of the Lateran, 317

Maxwell, Lord, iii. 71. His venality, 71 _note_

Mazarin, Cardinal, his anti-ecclesiastical policy, ii. 96. His toleration, 96, 97. His alliance with Oliver Cromwell, 98. Signs the treaty of the Pyrenees, 98

Mechanics, why less superstitious than agriculturists, i. 376-379

Medici, Catherine de', her protection of the French Protestants, ii. 25. Her foreign policy, 35

Medicine, decline of the science of, in the reign of Louis XIV.,