A Military Dictionary and Gazetteer Comprising ancient and modern military technical terms, historical accounts of all North American Indians, as well as ancient warlike tribes; also notices of battles from the earliest period to the present time, with a concise explanation of terms used in heraldry and the offices thereof. The work also gives valuable geographical information. Compiled from the best authorities of all nations. With an appendix containing the Articles of war, etc.

Produced by Brian Coe, Harry Lamé and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This book was produced from images made available by the HathiTrust Digita...

=Acquittance Roll.= In the British service, a roll containing the names of the men of each troop or company or regiment, showing the debts and credits, with the signature of eac...

=Albans, St.= (Hertfordshire, Eng.). Near the Roman Verulam; first battle of St. Albans took place in May, 1455, between the Houses of Lancaster and York, wherein the former wer...

=Ammunition Shoes.= Those made for soldiers and sailors in the British service are so called, and particularly for use by those frequenting the magazine, being soft and free fro...

Notwithstanding substantial and decided successes of the day, the Federal forces had suffered so severely during the conflict, having lost 11,426 killed and wounded, and among t...

=Armatura.= In ancient military history signified the fixed and established military exercises of the Romans. Under this word is understood the throwing of the spear, javelin, s...

=Ascalon= (Syria). A city of the Philistines which shared the fate of Phœnicia and Judea. The Egyptian army was defeated here by the Crusaders under Godfrey of Bouillon, August...

=Austria, Empire of= (Ger. _Oesterreich_, “eastern kingdom”). One of the most extensive and most populous of European kingdoms, comprising the southeast part of Central Europe a...

=Balearic Islands.= A group of islands in the Mediterranean; conquered by the Romans 123 B.C.; by the Vandals about 426 B.C., and formed part of Charlemagne’s empire, 799. They...

=Barrosa=, or =Barosa=. In Southern Spain, where a battle was fought on March 5, 1811, between the British army, commanded by Maj.-Gen. Sir Thomas Graham, afterwards Lord Lynedo...

The form in which a _cluster of barrels_ is used was probably first introduced in France, and was made by inserting 25 gun-barrels into the bore of a brass field-piece, into the...

=Belgrade.= An ancient city in Servia, on the right bank of the Danube. It was taken from the Greek emperor by Solomon, king of Hungary, in 1086; gallantly defended by John Huni...

=Bilboa=, or =Bilbao= (Northeast Spain). Founded about 1300; taken by the French in 1795; captured and recaptured during the invasion of the French in 1808; delivered from the C...

=Board of Ordnance.= A government department, which formerly had the management of all affairs relating to the artillery and engineering corps of the British army. This board wa...

=Boston.= A city and capital of Massachusetts, situated on the west side of Massachusetts Bay, at the mouth of Charles River. It was built about 1627. Here originated that resis...

=Breitenfeld.= A village and manor of Saxony, about 5 miles north of Leipsic. It is historically remarkable for three battles, fought on a plain in its neighborhood. The first o...

=Buderich.= A town of Rhenish Prussia, on the left bank of the Rhine, opposite Wesel. Here the Duke of Lorraine was defeated by the emperor Otho I. It was taken by the French in...

=Cai-fong.= In China, capital of Honan, on the right bank of the Hoang-ho. It was besieged by 100,000 rebels in 1642. The commander of the relieving forces, in order to drown th...

=Cannonade.= The act of discharging shot or shells from cannon for the purpose of destroying an army, or battering a town, ship, or fort; usually applied to an attack of some co...

=Carmel, Knights of the Order of Our Lady of Mount.= A semi-religious order of knighthood instituted by Henry IV. of France, and incorporated with the order of the Knights of St...

=Catalonia.= An old province of Western Spain, was settled by the Goths and Alani about 409; conquered by the Saracens, 712; recovered by Pepin and Charlemagne; united with Arag...

=Chapultepec.= A strong fortress of Mexico, situated about 2 miles southwest of the metropolis. It consists of an eminence rising to the height of about 150 feet, with a strong...

=Chippewa.= A village of Canada West, memorable for the victory gained by the Americans, 1900 strong, under Gen. Brown, over 2100 British troops under Gens. Rial and Drummond, J...

=Colberg=, or =Kolberg=. A strongly fortified seaport of Prussian Pomerania. It stands on a hill, surrounded with swamps which can be laid under water, and is chiefly remarkable...

With a battalion of 8 or 10 companies, subdivisions may be dispensed with, and, so long as this organization is retained in England and America, the “company column” will not th...

=Corps d’Armée.= In the military organization of large armies two or more divisions form a _corps d’armée_, or army corps, which is complete in itself as an army, with everythin...

=Crescent.= The name of three orders of knighthood; the first instituted by Charles I., king of Naples and Sicily, in 1268; the second by René of Anjou, in 1448; and the third b...

=Dahra.= In Algeria; on June 18, 1845, above 500 Kabyles at war with the French, were suffocated in a cave by smoke, the fire having been kindled by order of Gen. Pelissier, aft...

=Dellamcotta.= A fortress of Northern Hindostan, in the province of Bootan, commanding the principal pass into that province. It was stormed by the British troops in 1773, which...

=Dimidiation.= In heraldry, a mode of marshaling arms, adopted chiefly before quartering and impaling according to the modern practice came into use, and subsequently retained t...

=Draw off, To.= In a military sense, means to retire; also to abstract or take away; as, to draw off your forces. To _draw on_ is to advance; also to occasion; as, to draw on an...

=Echelon.= A military term applied to a certain arrangement of troops when several divisions are drawn up in parallel lines, each to the right or the left of the one preceding i...

=Engineer, Military.= An officer in the service of a government, whose duties are principally to construct fortifications, to make surveys for warlike purposes, to facilitate th...

=Eupatoria=, or =Koslov=. A town of Russia, on the west coast of the Crimea. In September, 1854, the allied English and French armies landed near here, and the town soon after w...

=Falerii.= A city of ancient Etruria, which was situated west of the Tiber. The inhabitants, who were called Falisci, joined with those of Veii in assisting the Fidenates agains...

=File.= A line of soldiers drawn up behind each other, in contradistinction to rank, which refers to men standing beside one another. The general term means two soldiers, consis...

=Flanks of a Frontier.= Are certain salient points in a national boundary, strong by nature and art, and ordinarily projecting somewhat beyond the general line. The effect of th...

=Forces, Effective.= All the efficient parts of an army that may be brought into action are called effective, and generally consist of artillery, cavalry, and infantry, with the...

=Fortress.= Is a fortified city or town, or any piece of ground so strongly fortified as to be capable of resisting an attack carried on against it, according to rule. Also, as...

=Fulminate.= A salt of fulminic acid. Fulminate of mercury is the most useful. It explodes readily by percussion, by a heat of 367° Fahr., when touched with strong sulphuric or...

=Gaines’s Mill.= In Hanover Co., Va., about 20 miles northeast of Richmond. Here, on June 27, 1862, was fought one of the “seven days’ contests” between the Confederate forces u...

=Gatling Gun.= Is a machine gun, the 1 inch composed of six and the ¹⁄₂ inch of ten rifled barrels of steel, made to revolve around a central axis parallel to their bores, by me...

=Germany= (Lat. _Germania_). The name given to a large portion of Central Europe, composed of a number of independent states united together, and forming the German empire. In t...

=Glastonbury.= A town of England, in Somersetshire, 25 miles from the city of Bath. It was anciently called Avalonia, or the Isle of Avalon, and no person whatever, not even a b...

=Gratification.= In a general acceptation of the term, this word meant, among the French, certain rewards which generals gave to the troops, after a severe engagement, in testim...

=Guatemala.= A republic in Central America, declared independent March 21, 1847. A war between Guatemala and San Salvador broke out in January, 1863, and on June 16 the troops o...

=Gunnery.= The art of using fire-arms; but the term is commonly understood as being restricted to the use or application to the purposes of war of the larger pieces of ordnance,...

=Halberd=, or =Halbert=. A weapon borne up to the close of the 18th century by all sergeants of foot, artillery, and marines, and by companies of halberdiers in the various regi...

=Haubergier= (_Fr._). An individual who held a tenure by knight’s service, and was subject to the feudal system which formerly existed in France, and by which he was obliged to...

=Heraclea.= Surnamed Minoa; in ancient geography, a Greek city of Sicily, at the mouth of the Halycus (now the _Platani_), 20 miles northwest from Agrigentum. The surname seems...

=Hollow Square.= The form in which a body of foot is drawn up with an empty space in the middle for the colors, drums, baggage, etc. A body of troops formed into a square to res...

=Hot Shot.= Shot made red-hot for the purpose of setting fire to buildings, shipping, etc. The charges for hot shot are from one-fourth to one-sixth the weight of the shot. With...

=Ilerda= (now _Lerida_). A town of the Ilergetes, in Hispania Tarraconensis, situated on a height above the river Sicoris (now _Segre_). It was afterwards a Roman colony, but in...

=Indian Military Force.= The East Indian military service, like the civil service, has been undergoing a thorough reorganization, consequent on the great mutiny, and the transfe...

=Infamous Behavior.= In the British service a term peculiarly applicable to military life when it is affected by dishonorable conduct; on conviction of which, an officer is orde...

=Instruments, Warlike Musical.= The Turks made use of wind and clashing instruments of different shapes and sizes; all, except one wind instrument, are better calculated for pom...

=Issues.= In the British service, are certain sums of money which are, at stated periods, given to public accountants for public service; and for the honest distribution of whic...

=Journals of March.= Commanding officers of troops marching through a country little known will keep journals of their marches according to a form laid down in Army Regulations....

=Kenilworth.= A small town of Warwickshire, England. The only interest of the place centres in its ruined castle, which stands on a rocky and commanding eminence; it was founded...

=Knight Baronet=, or =Baronet=. A dignity or degree of honor next below a baron and above a knight, having precedency of all orders of knights except those of the garter, and be...

=Labicum=, =Labici=, =Lavicum=, =Lavici= (now _Colonna_). An ancient town in Latium, on one of the hills of the Alban Mountain, 15 miles southeast from Rome. It was an ally of t...

=Lance a Feu Puant= (_Fr._). Stink-fire lances prepared in the same manner that stink-pots are, and particularly useful to miners. When a sapper or miner has so far penetrated t...

=Leghorn= (It. _Livarno_). A large maritime town in Central Italy, in the province of Leghorn. It was entered by the French army July 27, 1796; evacuated by the French in 1799,...

=Linch-pin.= A pin through the end of an axle-arm of an artillery carriage to keep the wheel on. A hook attached to the head of the pin and embracing the axle-arm prevents the p...

_Process of loading spherical case-shot_: The shot having been cleaned, the balls are put in. A stick with a less diameter than the fuze-hole, and having a groove on each side o...

=Louisburg.= A famous fortress built by the French soon after the peace of Utrecht (1713) upon the eastern coast of Cape Breton Island. Since the existence of so strong a place...

=Madras.= Called by the natives Chennapatam, a maritime city and fortress of British India, and capital of the presidency of the same name. It was taken by the French in 1744; r...

=Malvern Hill.= Near the James River, in Virginia. Here, on the night of June 30, 1862, all the divisions of the Army of the Potomac, under Gen. McClellan, were united in a stro...

=Marches, Combined.= When the movements of the divisions or corps are made independent of each other, but having the same object in common, they are known as combined marches. T...

=Maron= (_Fr._). A piece of brass or copper, about the size of a crown, on which the hours for going the rounds were marked in the old French service. Several of these were put...

_In British History._--Of 300 English nobles on Salisbury Plain by Hengist, about 450; of the monks of Bangor, to the number of 1200, by Ethelfrid, king of Bernicia, 607 or 612;...

=Medical Staff.= This branch of the British army is under the control of an experienced officer, stationed at headquarters, under the denomination of “director-general.” Immedia...

=Metaurus= (now _Metauro_). A river in Central Italy, where Hasdrubal, brother of Hannibal, was defeated and slain, 207 B.C., when marching with abundant reinforcements for the...

PRUSSIA.--The Prussian system of military education differs from that of France, in that competition is but sparingly resorted to, the object being to give a good general and pr...

=Military Secretary.= An officer on the personal staff of generals in high command. His duties are to conduct the correspondence of his chief, and to transact a great amount of...

=Missolonghi=, or =Mesolonghi=. A town of Greece, in the government of Ætolia, is separated from the sea by a large lake. It is noted for the memorable siege it sustained in 182...

=Monmouth, Battle of.= Was fought June 28, 1778, between the Revolutionary forces under Gen. Washington and the British under Sir Henry Clinton. Gen. Washington, whose army of a...

=Motya.= An ancient town in the northwest of Sicily, situated on a small island (now _Isola di Mezzo_), only 6 stadia from the coast. It passed from Sicily into the hands of the...

=Nagpore=, =Nagpur=, or =Nagpoor=. A city of British India, capital of the province of the same name, 430 miles in a direct line east-northeast from Bombay. The rajahs of Nagpor...

=Navarre.= A province, and formerly a kingdom, of Spain, is bounded on the north by France, on the south and east by Aragon, and on the west by the Biscays. It was occupied in a...

=New Mexico.= A Territory of the United States, bounded on the north by Colorado, east by Texas, south by Texas and Mexico, and west by Arizona. The country was explored by the...

=Nive.= A river in the southwest of France, the scene of an important battle, December, 1813. After Wellington had forced Marshal Sault to fall back on Bayonne from the Pyrenees...

=Novi.= A town of Northern Italy, situated at the foot of the Apennines, 13 miles southeast from Alessandria. It is noted for a sanguinary battle fought here in August, 1799, be...

=Officer in Waiting.= In the British service, the officer next for duty is so called. He is also mentioned in orders, and ought to be ready for the service specified at a minute...

=Order of Amaranth.= An order of military knighthood, instituted in Sweden by Queen Christina in 1645, at the close of an annual feast celebrated in that country, and called _wi...

_Rifled Cannon._--The rifled cannon adopted for the land service of the United States at the present time (1880) are, for the field service a 3- and 3¹⁄₂-inch rifle, having the...

_Sea-Coast Carriages_ are divided into barbette front-pintle and barbette centre-pintle carriages, casemate, and flank-defense carriages; depending upon the part of the work in...

The _vent_ (see VENT) is perpendicular to the axis of the piece, and the interior orifice is at a distance from the bottom of the chamber equal to a quarter of its diameter, or...

In the _construction of built-up guns_, makers have aimed at the ideal gun which has its strength proportioned to the strain it is called upon to bear in all its parts. All part...

_Steel_ is a compound of iron and carbon, in which the proportion of the latter seldom exceeds 1.7 per cent. It may be distinguished from iron by its fine grain, its susceptibil...

=Oregon.= One of the Pacific States of the American Confederacy. Oregon was the name formerly given to the whole territory north of the Rocky Mountains, and was first claimed by...

=Osci=, or =Opici=. One of the most ancient tribes of Italy; they inhabited the centre of the peninsula, from which they had driven out the Siculi. Their principal settlement wa...

_Lama_, or _Llama_.--Is a most useful South American quadruped of the family _Camelidæ_. It was in general use as a beast of burden on the Peruvian Andes at the time of the Span...

=Palmyra.= The name given by the Greeks to an ancient city of Upper Syria. It occupied a fertile oasis, 140 miles east-northeast from Damascus. Palmyra was, in the time of Solom...

=Parapets= (Ital. _parapetto_, “breastguard”). In fortifications, are breastworks, walls, or bulwarks of earth, brick, wood, iron, stone, or other material. The battlement aroun...

=Pass of Arms.= In ancient chivalry, a bridge, road, etc., which the knights undertook to defend, and which was not to be passed without fighting the person who kept it. He who...

=Peasants’ War.= In German history, the name given to that great insurrection of the peasantry which broke out in the beginning of the year 1525. The oppression of the peasants...

=Perekop.= An isthmus 5 miles broad, connecting the Crimea with the mainland. It was called by the Tartars Orkapou, “gate of the Isthmus,” which the Russians changed to its pres...

=Petersburg.= A city of Dinwiddie Co., Va., on the south bank of the Appomattox River, about 25 miles from Richmond. The city is one of historic interest. It was twice occupied...

=Pile.= In heraldry, one of the lesser ordinaries, having the form of a wedge, usually placed pale-wise, with the broadest end uppermost, resembling a pile used in laying the fo...

=Plongée.= In artillery and fortification, means a slope toward the front. Thus, in speaking of the course of a shell through the air, its plongée is from the point of greatest...

=Poland.= Called by the natives _Polska_, “a plain,” a former kingdom of Europe,--renowned, in mediæval history, as the sole champion of Christendom against the Turks, and more...

The carriages of this division consist of ponton-, chess-, and tool-wagons, and of forges. Their number and proportion will be determined by the nature of the country in which t...

=Portugal= (anc. _Lusitania_). A kingdom in the southwest of Europe, forming the western part of the Spanish peninsula. After nine years’ struggle, under Viriathes, a brave and...

=President.= The President of the United States is commander-in-chief of the army, navy, and militia, called into service. His functions as such are assigned by Congress, but em...

_Armstrong Projectile._--But one kind of projectile is used in the Armstrong breech-loading guns for the field service, and this is so constructed as to act as a shot, shell, or...

_Causes which affect Initial Velocity._--The principal causes which affect initial velocity are variations in the weights of the powder and projectile, the manner of loading, th...

=Punishment, Military.= In a military sense, is the execution of a sentence pronounced by a court-martial upon any delinquent. The Romans punished crimes committed by the soldie...

=Quadruple Alliance.= Between Great Britain, France, and the emperor of Germany (signed at London, July 22, 1718); it obtained its name on the accession of the states of Holland...

=Rajah=, or =Raja=. A hereditary prince among the Hindus belonging to the warrior caste, or the Kshattriya. In later times it became a title given by the British government to H...

Meat without bone 8.4 ounces. Bread 35.3 „ Or biscuit 26.5 „ Beans 2.12 „ Salt .5 ounce. Sugar .7 „ Coffee .6 „ Or in lieu of coffee, wine 9. ounces. Or brandy 2.2 „ Being 24.56...

=Reduit.= In fortification, is a central or retired work within any other work, intended to afford the garrison a last retreat, whence they may capitulate. It is commonly of mas...

=Retaliation.= This should never be resorted to as a measure of mere revenge, but only as a means of protective retribution, and, moreover, cautiously and unavoidably; that is t...

=Ricochet.= In gunnery, the repeated rebounding of round-shot. By firing at a slight elevation, with small charges, in a direction enfilading the face of a work, shot are pitche...

_Form of Trajectory._--Take that portion of the trajectory where the velocity is uniform. The weight of the rocket applied at its centre of gravity, and acting in a vertical dir...

=Rome= (anc. _Roma_). The most celebrated city of the world, either in ancient or modern times, the capital of the Pontifical States, and the ecclesiastical metropolis of Cathol...

=Round Table, Knights of.= Known in early English history as knights belonging to a celebrated order instituted by King Arthur, and whose exploits and adventures form the subjec...

=Sagamore.= The head of a tribe among the American Indians,--generally used as synonymous with _sachem_, but some writers distinguished between them, making the _sachem_ a chief...

=Sambre.= A river of French Flanders, which has been the scene of many sanguinary conflicts at different periods. It arises in the Ardennes, between La Capelle and Chateaux-Camb...

=Savages=, or =Wild Men=. In heraldry, are of frequent occurrence as supporters. They are represented naked, and also, particularly in the later heraldry, are usually wreathed a...

=Scotland.= The northern division of the island of Great Britain. An account has been given under the article Picts (which see) of the early inhabitants of the country which has...

=Sejant=, or =Assis=. In heraldry, is the term of blazon applied to a beast in his usual sitting posture. A lion borne in full face, with his forepaws extended sideways, is blaz...

=Serre-demi File= (_Fr._). That rank in a battalion which determines the half of its depth, and which marches before the demi-file. Thus a battalion standing six deep, has its _...

=Shrewsbury.= An ancient town of England, in Shropshire, on the Severn. It was the scene of many military events, the inhabitants always taking an active share in the various co...

=Signaling.= Is of remote origin. A rude code of signals addressed to the eye is common among the savage races of the present day, and doubtless existed from the earliest times...

=Sligo.= A maritime county in the northwest of Ireland, and the province of Connaught. It formed part of the kingdom of Connaught previously to the arrival of the English, in th...

_Revolver._--In fire-arms, is a weapon which, by means of a revolving breech, or revolving barrels, can be made to fire more than once without reloading. The invention is very f...

=Spain.= A kingdom of Europe, occupying the larger portion of the great peninsula which forms the southwestern corner of the European continent, reaching farther south than any...

=Spy.= In war, is a useful but not highly honored auxiliary, employed to ascertain the state of an enemy’s affairs, and of his intended operations. Spies have been used in all w...

=Station, Military.= A place calculated for the rendezvous of troops, or for the distribution of them; also, a spot well calculated for offensive or defensive measures. The name...

=Strike.= This word is variously used in military phraseology; as, to _strike a tent_, is to loosen the cords of a tent which has been regularly pitched, and to have it ready, i...

=Surgery, Military.= Restricted to its rigorous signification, military surgery is the surgical practice in armies; but in its broad and ordinary acceptation embraces many other...

=Syria.= At present, forming together with Palestine, a division of Asiatic Turkey; extends between lat. 31° and 37° 20′ N. along the Mediterranean from the Gulf of Iskanderoon...

=Tae-pings=, or =Tai-pings=. The name given to the Chinese rebels who made their appearance in 1850, and desolated some of the best provinces of China. Peking was taken by the E...

=Tegea.= An ancient city of Greece, forming one of the most powerful states in Arcadia. The Tegeatæ long resisted the supremacy of Sparta, and it was not till the Spartans disco...

=Tertiate.= In gunnery, is to examine the thickness of the metal of a piece of artillery, in order to judge of its strength. This is usually done with a pair of caliper compasse...

=Thirty Years’ War.= Was not properly one war, but rather an uninterrupted succession of wars (1618-1648) in Germany, in which Austria, the most of the Catholic princes of Germa...

=Tipperary.= A town of the county of the same name, on the river Arra, 111 miles southwest from Dublin. The town is of very ancient foundation, and soon after the invasion was o...

=Train-Bands= (or more properly, _Trained Bands_). A force of militia, and not differing essentially from that force substituted by James I. for the old English Fyrd, or nationa...

=Trestles.= A trestle is composed of a cap about 15 feet by 9 inches by 9 inches, of four legs, of two upper and two lower traverses, and of four braces. The cap is notched 18 i...

=Trial.= The formal examination of the matter in issue in a cause before a competent tribunal; the mode of determining a question of fact in a court of law; the examination, in...

=Trincomalee.= A seaport town and magnificent harbor on the northeast coast of Ceylon. It is a place of great antiquity; it was here that the Malabar invaders of Ceylon built on...

=Turkey.= Or the Ottoman empire, called by the Turks _Osmanli Vilayeti_, includes large portions of the continents of Europe, Asia, and Africa, and consists of Turkey Proper, wh...

=Umbria.= A district of Italy, the chief towns of which were Arminum, Fanum, Fortunæ, Mevania, Tuder, Narnia, and Spoletium. Under Augustus, it formed the sixth Regio of Italy....

=Valmy.= A village of France, department of Marne, 20 miles northeast from Chalons. This village is celebrated as the place where the republican armies of France under Kellerman...

=Verona.= An ancient city of Northern Italy, in Venetia, 72 miles west of Venice by railway. Verona is a fortress of the first rank, a member of the famous Quadrilateral (which...

=Vitrified Forts.= The name given to certain remarkable stone inclosures bearing traces of the action of fire, about 50 of which exist in various parts of Scotland. They are gen...

=Wall-piece.= A small cannon (or, in ancient times, an arquebuse) mounted on a swivel, on the wall of a fortress, for the purpose of being fired at short range on assailants in...

=Waterford.= A maritime county of the province of Munster, in Ireland. In the time of Ptolemy, it was inhabited by the tribe of the Brigantes. It was afterwards peopled by the D...

=Wilmington.= A city and port of North Carolina, in New Hanover County, and situated on the Cape Fear River. It was captured by the Union forces in February, 1865, Fort Fisher,...

=York.= The capital of Yorkshire, England, is situated at the junction of the rivers Ouse and Foss. Before the invasion of the Romans it formed one of the chief cities of the Br...

=Blumenau.= In Lower Austria; on July 22, 1866, the Austrians in possession of this place were attacked by the Prussians on their march towards Vienna, a severe conflict was int...

ART. 18. Any officer commanding in any garrison, fort, or barracks of the United States who, for his private advantage, lays any duty or imposition upon, or is interested in, th...

ART. 78. Officers of the Marine Corps, detached for service with the Army by order of the President, may be associated with officers of the Regular Army on courts-martial for th...

PLATE Abatis, 1 Acinace, 1 Aillettes, 1 Aiming kneeling, 1 Aiming, with an overhead rest, 1 Aiming, sand-bag rest, 1 Alman-rivets, 1 Amazon, 29 Ambulance, 1 American Indians, 28...

This Company insures the lives of Officers of the Army and Navy without extra premium, except when actually engaged in warfare, which premium, if not paid at the assumption of t...

Has age and stability; is purely mutual, liberal, and progressive; solid and vigorous, wide-awake and well-managed; securities all first-class; estimates its liabilities upon th...