Ethics

The family in its moral aspects has one end, the common good of all its members, but this has three aspects. (1) Marriage converts an attachment between man and woman, either of...

We have reached the conclusion that disposition as manifest in endeavor is the seat of moral worth, and that this worth itself consists in a readiness to regard the general happ...

We have been considering responsible freedom as it centers in and affects individuals in their distinctive capacities. It implies a public order which guarantees, defines, and e...

The various theories of public direction, including socialism in the technical sense, are primarily interested in the just distribution of goods. It is not so much "How many goo...

=Convention versus Nature.=--The Hebrew moral life was developed under the relation, first of the people, then of the individuals, to God,--a relation at once of union and of co...

=Intelligence and Reason in a Moral Act.=--A voluntary act is one which involves intention, purpose, and thus some degree of deliberateness. It is this trait which marks off the...

The moral life of the modern western world differs from both Hebrew and Greek morality in one respect. The Hebrews and Greeks were pioneers. Their leaders had to meet new situat...

In considering the ethics of the economic life and of property, so far as this latter topic has not received treatment elsewhere, we give (1) a general analysis of the ethical q...

To eat of the fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil may result in ultimate gain. A more conscious and individualistic attitude may result in definite conceptions o...

=Problem of Chapter.=--We have endeavored in the preceding chapters (1) to identify the sort of situation in which the ideas of good and evil, right and wrong, in their moral se...

=Definition of Virtue.=--It is upon the self, upon the agent, that ultimately falls the burden of maintaining and of extending the values which make life reasonable and good. Th...

Part, our purpose is to consider the distinctively social aspects of morality. We shall consider how social institutions and tendencies supply value to the activities of individ...

We have seen how the natural forces of instinct lead to activities which elevate men and knit them together. We consider next the means which society uses for these purposes, an...

We have reached a conclusion as to our first inquiry (p. 201), and have decided that the appropriate subject-matter of moral judgment is the disposition of the person as manifes...

=Conflict of Ends as Attractive and as Reasonable.=--The previous discussion has brought out the contrast between a Good or Satisfaction which is such _directly_, immediately, b...

To understand the origin and growth of moral life, it is essential to understand primitive society. And while there is much that is uncertain, there is one fact of capital impor...

=1. The Hebrew and the Greek.=--The general character of the Hebrew moral development may be brought out by a contrast with that of the Greeks.[48] While many phases are common,...

In form, the true good is thus an inclusive or expanding end. In substance, the only end which fulfills these conditions is the social good. The utilitarian standard is social c...

=1. What the Third Level Means.=--Complete morality is reached only when the individual recognizes the right or chooses the good freely, devotes himself heartily to its fulfillm...

=Problems and Theories.=--We were concerned in the last chapter with the typical _problems_ of moral theory. But it was evident that theories themselves developed and altered as...

A young man may enter a profession thinking of it only as a means of support. But the work requires foresight and persistence; it broadens his interests; it develops his charact...

Under this head we propose to consider one general and three special problems on which society is at present at work, framing new moral standards to meet new conditions. Many of...

Family, or Household Group, 23-31; as an agency in early society, 47-9; as affected by reflective morality, 193; and contract, 453; history of, 571-8; psychological basis of, 57...

We have identified in its framework and main outlines the sort of voluntary activity in which the problem of good and evil appears and in which the ideas of right and wrong are...

=Object of Part Two and of Present Chapter.=--From the history of morals, we turn to the theoretical analysis of reflective morality. We are concerned to discover (1) just what...

Certain problems suggested by the foregoing analysis are unsettled, for the issues are so involved, and in some cases, both the facts and their interpretations are so much in co...

morality, it is desirable to have a sort of rough chart to indicate to the student what to look for in the earlier stages of his exploration, and to enable him to keep his beari...

=Subordination of Near to Remote Good Dependent on Social Influences.=--"The conscious relinquishment of immediate and special good to gain distant and general good ... is a car...

=Provisional Definition.=--The place for an accurate definition of a subject is at the end of an inquiry rather than at the beginning, but a brief definition will serve to mark...

Distinguishing marks of the moral situation, 201; Traits of voluntary activity, 202; The good and bad in non-voluntary behavior, 203; Indifferent voluntary conduct, 205; The mor...

Object of discussion, 427. § 1. _Growth of individuality through social organizations_:--Emancipation from custom, 428; double movement towards individuality and complex associa...

§ 1. _Typical facts of group life_:--Primitive unity and solidarity, 17. § 2. _Kinship and household groups_:--The kinship group, 21; the family or household group, 23. § 3. _Ki...

For benevolence, see Aristotle, _Ethics_, Books VII.-IX. (on friendship); Rickaby, _Moral Philosophy_, pp. 237-244, and _Aquinas Ethicus_ (see charity and almsgiving in Index);...

general survey, attention will be centered upon three phases of conduct which are of especial interest and importance. Political rights and duties, the production, distribution,...

ch. iv.; Muirhead, _Elements of Ethics_, Book III., ch. i.; Gizyeki, _A Student's Manual of Ethical Philosophy_; Green, _Prolegomena to Ethics_, pp. 163-177, 226-240, 374-388; J...

=Object of Part and Chapter.=--The history of morals manifests a twofold movement. It reveals, on one side, constantly increasing stress on _individual_ intelligence and affecti...

It need scarcely be said that no attempt has been made in the bibliographies to be exhaustive. When the dates of publication of the work cited are given, the plan has been in ge...

Addams, _Democracy and Social Ethics_, 1902, _Newer Ideals of Peace_, 1907; Santayana, _The Life of Reason_, Vol. II., 1905; Bergmann, _Ethik als Kulturphilosophie_, 1904, espec...

[165] Of course, the word "rule" is often used to designate a principle--as in the case of the phrase "golden-rule." We are speaking not of the words, but of their underlying id...

Among the works which have had the most influence upon the development of the theory of morals are: Plato, dialogues entitled _Republic, Laws_, _Protagoras_ and _Gorgias_; Arist...

the beginner. In Part II., Chapters XI.-XII. may be omitted without losing the thread of the argument. In Part III., any one of the specific topics--viz., the political state, t...

side. After distinguishing more carefully what is meant by moral action, and noting some typical ways in which the moral life has been viewed by ethical theory, it will examine...

of group life, will first trace the process of moral development in its general outlines, and then give specific illustrations of the process taken from the life of Israel, of G...