Category: History - Early Modern (c. 1450-1750)
PERIOD 1 THE DIFFICULTY IN THE STUDY OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY 1 THE PERIODS OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY 2 THE CAUSES OF THE DECAY OF THE CIVILIZATION OF THE MIDDLE AGES 4 (a) _The Internal Causes_ 4 (1) The Intellectual Methods were Self-Destructive 4 (2) The Standard of Truth became a D...
=The Nature of Rationalism.= Although the new science grew apace, it was not altogether a safe vocation. Natural science involves metaphysical questions at every point. The scie...
24. CHAPTER XI=Idealism after Kant.=[59] Kant’s criticism had been a fine dissection of the processes of knowledge. He had laid scientific knowledge open and separated it into its parts. In d...
23. CHAPTER X=The Convergence of Philosophical Influences in Germany.= The intellectual thoroughfare from the past into our modern times does not pass in the eighteenth century through Engla...
26. CHAPTER XIII=The Return to Realism.= If the history of mankind had terminated with the nineteenth century, the last tendency of thought to be recorded would have been the return to Realism....
21. CHAPTER VIII=The Life and Writings of George Berkeley= (1685–1753). In Bishop Berkeley we have the finest type of Irish mind. In his brilliant mental powers and idealistic theory he reminds...
17. CHAPTER IVCountries other than Italy and Germany come upon the philosophic stage during the eighty-nine years of the period of teeming natural science. England is represented by Bacon and...
22. CHAPTER IX=The Situation in France in the Enlightenment.= The historian of the French Enlightenment has to take account of the reign of two kings; that of Louis XIV (1643–1715); and that...
20. CHAPTER VII=The Enlightenment in Great Britain.= The history of the philosophy of Great Britain includes the teachings of Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and the Scottish School. With the exception...
25. CHAPTER XII=Herbart and Schopenhauer.= The main line of development of the critical Kantian movement was the idealism of Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel. It was the most perfect expression of...
15. CHAPTER II=The General Character of the Renaissance.= The causes that led to the decline of the society of the Middle Ages were of course the same that ushered in the period of the Renais...
19. CHAPTER VI=The Emergence of the “New Man,”――Individualism.= In passing to this period we should recall the two objects of interest that distinguish modern from mediæval thought: the “new...
16. CHAPTER III=The Long List of Representatives of the Humanistic Period.= There was a revival of _scholasticism_,――Paulus Barbus Socinas (d. 1494), Cajetan (d. 1534), Ferrariensis (d. 1528),...
14. CHAPTER I=The Difficulty in the Study of Modern Philosophy.= Beside the great spans of ancient and mediæval civilizations, the 450 years of the modern period seem brief. The road is inde...
5. CHAPTER V. THE RATIONALISM OF THE NATURAL SCIENCE PERIODOF THE RENAISSANCE 62 THE NATURE OF RATIONALISM 62 THE MENTAL CONFLICT IN DESCARTES 65 THE LIFE AND PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGS OF DESCARTES (1596–1650) 66 1. As Child and Student (1...
11. CHAPTER XI. THE GERMAN IDEALISTS 278IDEALISM AFTER KANT 278 FICHTE, SCHELLING, AND HEGEL 279 MAP SHOWING THE UNIVERSITY TOWNS AND OTHER IMPORTANT PLACES CONNECTED WITH THE GERMAN IDEALISTS 280 THE LIFE AND WRITING...
10. CHAPTER X. KANT 230THE CONVERGENCE OF PHILOSOPHICAL INFLUENCES IN GERMANY 230 THE THREE CHARACTERISTICS OF GERMAN PHILOSOPHY 231 THE TWO PERIODS OF GERMAN PHILOSOPHY 232 THE INFLUENCES UPON KANT 2...
8. CHAPTER VIII. BERKELEY AND HUME 169THE LIFE AND WRITINGS OF GEORGE BERKELEY (1685–1753) 169 1. His Early Training (1685–1707) 169 2. As Author (1707–1721) 170 3. As Priest and Missionary (1721–1753) 171 THE INFLU...
4. CHAPTER IV. THE NATURAL SCIENCE PERIOD OF THE RENAISSANCE(1600–1690) 31 THE PHILOSOPHERS OF THE NATURAL SCIENCE PERIOD 31 THE MATHEMATICAL ASTRONOMERS 32 GALILEO GALILEI (1564–1641) 36 THE LIFE OF FRANCIS BACON, BARON VERULAM (1561–16...
2. CHAPTER II. THE RENAISSANCE (1453–1690) 8THE GENERAL CHARACTER OF THE RENAISSANCE 8 (a) _The New Man of the Renaissance_ 8 (b) _The New Universe of the Renaissance_ 9 (1) The Transformation of the Physical Universe 9 (...
7. CHAPTER VII. JOHN LOCKE 145THE ENLIGHTENMENT IN GREAT BRITAIN 145 JOHN LOCKE, LIFE AND WRITINGS (1632–1704) 147 1. Student Life (1632–1666) 147 2. As Politician (1666–1683) 148 3. As Philosophical Author...
9. CHAPTER IX. THE ENLIGHTENMENT IN FRANCE AND GERMANY 203THE SITUATION IN FRANCE IN THE ENLIGHTENMENT 203 THE ENGLISH INFLUENCE IN FRANCE 206 THE TWO PERIODS OF THE FRENCH ENLIGHTENMENT 207 THE INTELLECTUAL ENLIGHTENMENT (1729–1762)――...
12. CHAPTER XII. THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE THING-IN-ITSELF 330HERBART AND SCHOPENHAUER 330 JOHANN FRIEDRICH HERBART 332 THE LIFE AND WRITINGS OF HERBART (1776–1841) 333 THE CONTRADICTIONS OF EXPERIENCE 334 THE ARGUMENT FOR REALISM 334 THE...
13. CHAPTER XIII. THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 352THE RETURN TO REALISM 352 THE CHARACTER OF THE REALISM OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 353 MODERN PHILOSOPHY AND GERMAN IDEALISM 355 THE PHILOSOPHICAL PROBLEMS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTU...
6. CHAPTER VI. THE ENLIGHTENMENT (1690–1781) 132THE EMERGENCE OF THE “NEW MAN”――INDIVIDUALISM 132 THE PRACTICAL PRESUPPOSITION OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT――THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE INDIVIDUAL 134 THE METAPHYSICAL PRESUPPOSITION OF TH...
1. CHAPTER I. THE CHARACTERISTICS AND DIVISIONS OF THE MODERNPERIOD 1 THE DIFFICULTY IN THE STUDY OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY 1 THE PERIODS OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY 2 THE CAUSES OF THE DECAY OF THE CIVILIZATION OF THE MIDDLE AGES 4 (a) _The Internal...
3. CHAPTER III. THE HUMANISTIC PERIOD OF THE RENAISSANCE(1453–1600) 22 THE LONG LIST OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE HUMANISTIC PERIOD 22 NICOLAS OF CUSA (1401–1464) 24 PARACELSUS (1493–1541) 25 GIORDANO BRUNO (1548–1600) 27 MAP SHOWING TH...