CHAPTER XII. THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE THING-IN-ITSELF 330

HERBART AND SCHOPENHAUER 330 JOHANN FRIEDRICH HERBART 332 THE LIFE AND WRITINGS OF HERBART (1776–1841) 333 THE CONTRADICTIONS OF EXPERIENCE 334 THE ARGUMENT FOR REALISM 334 THE MANY REALS AND NATURE PHENOMENA 337 THE SOUL AND MENTAL PHENOMENA 338 ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER AND HIS PHILOSOPHICAL RELATIONS 340 THE LIFE AND WRITINGS OF SCHOPENHAUER (1788–1860) 342 1. Period of Education (1788–1813) 343 2. Period of Literary Production (1813–1831) 343 3. Period of Retirement (1831–1860) 343 THE INFLUENCES UPON SCHOPENHAUER’S THOUGHT 343 THE WORLD AS WILL AND THE WORLD AS IDEA 345 THE WILL AS IRRATIONAL REALITY 347 THE MISERY OF THE WORLD AS IDEA――PESSIMISM 348 THE WAY OF DELIVERANCE 349