CHAPTER XI. THE GERMAN IDEALISTS 278

IDEALISM AFTER KANT 278 FICHTE, SCHELLING, AND HEGEL 279 MAP SHOWING THE UNIVERSITY TOWNS AND OTHER IMPORTANT PLACES CONNECTED WITH THE GERMAN IDEALISTS 280 THE LIFE AND WRITINGS OF FICHTE (1762–1814) 282 1. His Education (1762–1790) 283 2. Discipleship of Kant (1790–1794) 283 3. His Life at Jena (1794–1799) 284 4. His Life at Berlin (1799–1814) 284 THE INFLUENCES UPON FICHTE’S TEACHING 285 WHY WE PHILOSOPHIZE 286 THE MORAL AWAKENING 287 THE CENTRAL PRINCIPLE IN FICHTE’S PHILOSOPHY 288 THE MORAL WORLD 290 GOD AND MAN 292 WHAT A MORAL REALITY INVOLVES 293 1. It involves the Consciousness of Something Else 293 2. It involves a Contradiction 294 ROMANTICISM 295 GOETHE AS A ROMANTICIST 297 ROMANTICISM IN PHILOSOPHY 299 THE LIFE AND WRITINGS OF SCHELLING (1775–1854) 300 1. Earlier Period (1775–1797) 302 2. The Philosophy of Nature (1797–1800) 302 3. The Transcendental Philosophy (1800–1801) 302 4. The Philosophy of Identity (1801–1804) 303 5. The Philosophy of Freedom and God (1804–1809) 303 6. The Philosophy of Mythology and Revelation (1809–1854) 303 A BRIEF COMPARISON OF FICHTE AND SCHELLING AS PHILOSOPHERS 303 SCHELLING’S PHILOSOPHY OF NATURE 305 SCHELLING’S TRANSCENDENTAL PHILOSOPHY 307 THE SYSTEM OF IDENTITY 310 SCHELLING’S RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHY 311 HEGEL AND THE CULMINATION OF IDEALISM 312 WHY HEGEL REMAINS TO-DAY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF KANT 314 THE LIFE AND WRITINGS OF HEGEL (1770–1831) 315 1. Formative Period (1770–1796) 317 2. Formulation of his Philosophy (1796–1806) 317 3. Development of his Philosophy (1806–1831) 317 REALISM, MYSTICISM, AND IDEALISM 318 THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF HEGEL’S IDEALISM 321 THE COSMIC UNITY 322 THE COSMIC LAW 326 HEGEL’S APPLICATION OF HIS THEORY 328