Toadstools, mushrooms, fungi, edible and poisonous; one thousand American fungi How to select and cook the edible; how to distinguish and avoid the poisonous, with full botanic descriptions. Toadstool poisons and their treatment, instructions to students, recipes for cooking, etc., etc.

Although the rise of pressure is not so great from transfusion as from suprarenal extract in large doses, it is more _permanent_. Transfusion (or transfusion into the subcutaneo...

A score of years ago (1880–1885) I was living in the mountains of West Virginia. While riding on horseback through the dense forests of that great unfenced state, I saw on every...

Formerly frequent allusion was made to the possibility of poisoning by decomposition products from putrefactive changes in mushrooms. Not a single case has come to the writer’s...

The American lepiota belongs to the same genus as the parasol mushroom and the Smooth lepiota. It has one character in which it differs from all other species of Lepiota. The wh...

=L. Mor´gani= Pk.—in honor of Professor Morgan. (Plate XIV.) =Pileus= fleshy, soft, at first subglobose, then expanded or even depressed, white, the brownish or yellowish cuticl...

=A. hæmorrhoida´rius= Shulzer. _Gr_—discharging blood. =Pileus= 4 in. across, reddish-brown, fleshy, ovate then expanded, _covered with broad adpressed scales_, margin at first...

** Volva splitting regularly all round the lower portion, persistent, more or less closely embracing the base of the bulbous stem. The upper portion being adnate to the pileus a...

=L. aqui´fluus= Pk.—watery. =Pileus= fragile, fleshy, convex or expanded, at length centrally depressed, dry, smooth, or sometimes appearing as if clothed with a minute appresse...

=M. esculen´ta= Pers.—esculent. (Plate XLVI, fig. 2, p. 214.) =Pileus= globose, ovate or oblong, adnate to the stem at the base, hollow, ribs stout, forming irregular, polygonal...

=A. Frost´iana= Pk.—in honor of Charles C. Frost. POISONOUS. (Plate VI, fig. 5, p. 6.) =Pileus= convex or expanded, bright-orange or yellow, warty, sometimes nearly or quite smo...

The Hydnaceæ bear their spores from spines or spicules of various length protruding from the external surface of the cap. Sometimes the spines mock in miniature the stalactites...

P. badia is frequent on bare ground, along wood roads, etc. In the West Virginia mountains it occurs where there have been brush fires. It is a meaty plant, without much flavor....

PAGE abietina (Russula), 712 abruptus (Agaricus), 722 Adirondackensis (Clitocybe), 715 chrysenteron albocarneus (Boletus), 723 cinnabarinus (Cantharellus), 719 clypeolaria (Lepi...

This is a large and interesting species, well marked and easily recognized by its large size, by the greenish tint that pervades the pileus, lamellæ, annulus and stem, and espec...

The numerous varieties with their peculiarities here given by Professor Peck will enable the finder of a Boletus with a distinctly scabrous stem—_roughened with scales, not reti...

=C. bruma´lis= Fr.—_bruma_, winter. From its late appearance. =Pileus= about 1 in. across. =Flesh= thin, expanded, umbilicate then infundibuliform and usually variously waved an...

=Pileus= 2–4 in. broad, fleshy, rarely subzonate, convex, the margin generally involute and adpresso-tomentose (quite smooth, _Fries_); at length more or less depressed, dull ci...

=C. turbina´tus= Fr.—_turbo_, a top. =Pileus= _unicolorous_, dingy-yellow or green, _becoming pale_, hygrophanous, opaque when dry, fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse, at len...

As the name implies, this species is gigantic. It is the largest of all fungi. It has attained the diameter of three feet in this country, but is reported larger in Europe. I ha...

=R. ni´gricans= Bull.—_nigrico_, to be blackish. =Pileus= 2–4 in. and more broad, olivaceous-fuliginous, _at length black_, fleshy to the margin which is at first bent inwards,...

Select those that are spread open and keep the unopened for other styles of serving. Cut off the stems close to the tops. Baste well with melted butter and sprinkle lightly with...

The gills are closely placed side by side. They are at first of a pale hue, but assume a darker and more definite tawny color with age. They are usually minutely uneven or erode...

=C. furfurel´lus= Pk. =Pileus= thin, convex, furfuraceous with minute squamules, hygrophanous, watery-tawny when moist, pale ochraceous when dry. =Lamellæ= broad, thick, distant...

=R. rose´ipes= (Secr.) Bres.—_rosa_, a rose; _pes_, a foot. (Plate XLIV, fig. 5, p. 184.) =Pileus= 1–2 in. broad, convex becoming nearly plane or slightly depressed, at first vi...

=C. decas´tes= Fr. _Gr._—a decade; a number of ten. From the stems being often joined in bundles of about ten. Densely cespitose. =Pileus= 5–12 in. across, soon almost plane, di...

=B. sero´tinus= Frost.—late. Bulletin Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., 1874. =Pileus= flat or convex, viscid, sordid brown, streaked with the remnants of the veil, especially near the ma...

I have seldom found it, though at times it was quite common about stables in West Virginia. It has good mushroom flavor and is edible. It is stately, attracting attention by its...

R. vesca is frequent in woods or margins, and under trees in the open. It is especially fond of growing in the grass under lone chestnut trees. The caps seldom exceed 2-½ in. ac...

=H. crustulinifor´me= Bull.—_crustulum_, a small pie; _forma_, form. =Pileus= pale-whitish tan, most frequently pale-yellowish or brick-color at the disk, fleshy, convexo-plane,...

“Mony littles make muckle,” says the Scotch proverb. It applies well to the brave little toadstool looking through the first grass of lawns for the coming of spring, and coming...

=B. rubinel´lus= Pk.—dim. of _ruber_, red. =Pileus= broadly conical or convex, viscid when moist, subtomentose or slightly pubescent when dry, _red fading to yellow on the margi...

The Fragrant tricholoma has a distinct farinaceous odor and flavor. In other respects it closely resembles the Earth-colored tricholoma of which it is considered a mere variety....

=L. oblongi´sporum= B. and C.—oblong-spored. =Peridium= subglobose, with a slender mycelial cord. Cortex a thin, whitish, furfuraceous coat, drying up into minute persistent gra...

=P. hetero´clitus= Fr. _Gr_—one of two; _Gr_, to lean. In many cespitose layers, coriaceous. =Pilei= 2½ in. broad, _orange, sessile, expanded on all sides from a radical tubercl...

=Pileus= generally fleshy, becoming thin toward the margin, flexible or tough, plane or depressed, margin involute. =Gills= adnate or decurrent, never sinuate. =Stem= confluent...

=B. re´tipes= B. and C.—reticulate stem. =Pileus= convex, dry, _powdered with yellow_, sometimes rivulose or cracked in areas. =Tubes= adnate, yellow. =Stem= subequal, _cespitos...

=B. Po´cono= Schw. =Pileus= pulvinate, cervine (dun color), minutely covered with bundles of tomentum on the closely-inflexed margin. =Tubes= rather large, somewhat prominently...

=M. collaria´ta= Fr.—_collare_, a collar. =Pileus= ½ in. and more broad, typically dingy-brown, but becoming pale, commonly gray-whitish, becoming brownish only at the disk, mem...

=C. butyra´cea= Bull.—_butyrum_, butter; buttery to the touch. =Pileus= 2–3 in. broad, normally _reddish-brown_, but becoming pale, fleshy, convex then expanded, more or less _u...

A few species are tough as shoe-strings; a few bitter; one, C. dichotoma, on the authority of Leuba, contains a minor poison. The genus is plentiful and reliable. Many individua...

=P. squarro´sa= Mull.—_squarrosus_, scurfy. (Plate LXXI, fig. 3, page 268.) =Pileus= 3–5 in. broad, saffron-rust-color, scaly with _innate, crowded, revolute, darker_ (becoming...

=H. coralloi´des= Scop. (Plate CXXXIV.) 6–18 in. across. Tufts on wood. Pure shining white growing yellow with age, composed wholly of attenuated interlacing branches ½ in. at b...

This species is remarkable for the peculiar upper surface of the pileus which is broken into pyramidal areas. The sides of these are marked by parallel lines in such a way that...

=P. pome´ti= Fr.—_pometum_, an orchard. =Pileus= white, fleshy, soft, sub-flaccid, irregular, involute, convex, even, smooth, disk depressed. =Gills= decurrent, crowded, separat...

Solitary. A handsome valuable species which appears to be rare in the United States. Shade a beautiful bronze. Cap 3–4 in. across. A dozen or more individuals were found and eat...

C. Columella—those filaments springing from the base and rising, which do not unite freely with those issuing from the inner peridium. This mass of threads is usually conical, b...

=B. variega´tus= Swartz. =Pileus= at first convex, then plane, obtuse, moist, sprinkled with _superficial bundled hairy squamules, dark-yellow_, the acute margin at first floccu...

=G. te´nera= Schaeff.—_tener_, tender. =Pileus= ½ in. and more high, _of one color, pallid rust-color when damp_, becoming pale when dry, hygrophanous, somewhat membranaceous, _...

Gelatinous, rather cartilaginous, soft and tremulous when moist, but not distended with jelly, horny when dry, becoming somewhat cartilaginous when moistened. The hard skin form...

=C. soboli´ferus= Fr. =Pileus= 1½-2½ in. across, subcylindrical, then oval bell-shaped, lower half of pileus usually undulate but not furrowed or striate, disk obtuse, usually d...

=C. mi´cropus= Pk.—short-stemmed. =Pileus= thin, fragile, convex or centrally depressed, _umbilicate, silky_, gray, usually with one or two narrow zones on the margin, odor fari...

=H. sublateri´tium= Schaeff.—_sub_ and _later_, a brick. (Plate XCVII, fig. 3, p. 352.) =Pileus= 2–3 in. and more broad, tawny-brick-red, but paler round the margin and covered...

Pileus rigid, hard, somewhat cartilaginous when fleshy, very fragile when thin, cuticle rigid, granulated or broken up when dry into smooth scales, not torn into fibrils. Young...

=P. al´bido-tomento´sus= CKE. MASS.—_albidus_, white; _tomentum_, down. =Pileus= about ⅔ in. long, ½ in. broad, horizontal, sometimes imbricated, semi-circular, subcoriaceous, f...

=L. asterosper´mum= D. and M.—_aster_, star; _sperma_, seed. =Peridium= obovoid or pyriform (pear-shaped), the base short and pointed, with a slender fibrous mycelium. Cortex a...

=P. pelli´tus= Fr. =Pileus= 1–2 in. across. =Flesh= thin, soft, white, convex then plane, somewhat umbonate, regular, silky-fibrous, dry, white. =Gills= free, rounded behind, cr...

=M. u´rens= Fr.—_uro_, to burn. =Pileus= 2–3 in. broad, unicolorous, pale yellowish, _becoming pale_, slightly fleshy, _moderately compact at the disk, even_, but here and there...

=Hymenophore= not even (as in Boletus), but extended in blunt points descending like a trama among the tubes. =Tubes= not easily separable from the hymenophore and from each oth...

POSTE´RIOR (_posterior_, compar. of _posterus_, coming after, etc.), denotes a position or under side of the pileus adjacent to the stem; the end of a lamella next the stem is t...

DISC, DISK (_discus_, a disk, trencher), (a) any flat circular disk-like growth; (b) the central portion of the upper surface of a pileus; the cup-shaped or otherwise variously...

LACU´NA (pl. LACU´NÆ) (_lacuna_, a pit, hollow, cavity, etc.), a pit or hollow, a gap; a vacancy caused by the admission, loss or obliteration of something necessary to continui...

BASE (_bassus_, low, short, thick), the extremity opposite to the apex; the part of an organ nearest its point of attachment; applied to lamellæ; (a) the line of attachment to t...

fabaceus (Agaricus), 341 farinaceus (Panus), 235 var. albido-tomentosus, 235 farinosa (Amanitopsis), 31 farinosa (Lepiota), 47 fascicularis (Hypholoma), 357 fastibile (Hebeloma)...

TU´BER (_tuber_, a bump, swelling, knob on plant, etc.), fleshy body, usually of a rounded or oblong form, produced on underground stems, as the potato or artichoke; a genus of...

Sacc., Saccardo Saund. and Sm., Saunders and Smith Sch., Schaeff., Schaeffer Schr. or Schrad., Schrader Schroet., Schröter Schulz, Schulz Schum., Schumacher Schw., Schweinitz Sc...

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