Part 1

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TOADSTOOLS, MUSHROOMS, FUNGI EDIBLE AND POISONOUS ONE THOUSAND AMERICAN FUNGI

~Revised Edition~

HOW TO SELECT AND COOK THE EDIBLE; HOW TO DISTINGUISH AND AVOID THE POISONOUS

WITH FULL BOTANIC DESCRIPTIONS

BY CHARLES MCILVAINE

PRESIDENT PHILADELPHIA MYCOLOGICAL CENTER, HONORARY MEMBER SALEM COUNTY AND GLOUCESTER COUNTY, N.J., MEDICAL SOCIETIES

AND

ROBERT K. MACADAM

TOADSTOOL POISONS AND THEIR TREATMENT, INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS, RECIPES FOR COOKING, ETC., ETC.

INDIANAPOLIS THE BOWEN-MERRILL COMPANY PUBLISHERS

COPYRIGHT 1900, 1902 THE BOWEN-MERRILL COMPANY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

PRESS OF BRAUNWORTH & CO. BOOKBINDERS AND PRINTERS BROOKLYN, N.Y.

CONTENTS

List of Illustrations v Preface xiii Introduction xv Instructions to Students xxix Abbreviations of the Names of Authors of Species xxxv Names of the Principal Reporters of American Species xxxvii Text 1 Toadstool Poisoning and its Treatment 621 Recipes for Cooking and Preparing for the Table 635 Glossary 651 Index to Genera 690 Index to Species 692 Index to Recipes for Cooking and Preparing for the Table 702 Index to General Contents 703

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PLATE FIG. TEXT PLATE PAGE PAGE

_Frontispiece_, colored.

I. Tabular view of the genera of Agaricaceæ 2

II. Leucosporæ. Chart of Genera 2

III. Progressive growth of Agarics 2

IV. Gill shapes 2

V. Ring shapes and positions; volva shapes 2

VI. Colored 6

1. Amanita spreta 11

2. phalloides (white var.) 7

3. phalloides (brown var.) 7

4. muscaria 14

5. Frostiana 16

6. Gyromitra esculenta 546

VII. Section of Amanita phalloides showing parts of an Agaric 3

VIII. Colored 18

1. Amanita chlorinosma 25

2. rubescens and section 21

3. strobiliformis 19

IX. Amanita muscaria. Half-tone 14

X. Colored 28

1. Amanitopsis vaginata 28

2. vaginata, var. livida 29

3. nivalis 29

4. strangulata 30

5. Mycena galericulata 127

6. prolifera 126

7. prolifera (section) 126

XI. 1. Lepiota procera. Section 33

XII. Colored 32

1. Lepiota Americana 48

2. naucinoides 45

3. cepæstipes 46

4. Amanita rubescens 21

XIII. Lepiota procera. Half-tone 34

XIV. Lepiota Morgani. Half-tone 36

XV. naucinoides. Half-tone 44

XV_a_. Americana 48

XVI. Colored 52

1. Armillaria mellea 55

2. mellea, var. exannulata 56

3. Lentinus lepideus 230

XVII. Armillaria mellea. Section 52

XVIII. Colored 60

1, 2. Tricholoma personatum 79

3. russula 65

4. terreum 71

5. columbetta 68

6. humile 81

XIX. Tricholoma (section) 59

XX. Tricholoma decorosum 67

XXI. Tricholoma rutilans 70

XXII. Tricholoma terreum 71

XXIII. Tricholoma imbricatum 73

XXIV. Colored 82

1, 2, 3. Clitocybe ochropurpurea 108

4. ochropurpurea (section) 108

5. maxima 99

6. maxima (section) 99

7. nebularis 85

8. amethystina 107

9. odora 90

10. laccata 107

11. infundibuliformis 100

XXV. Clitocybe clavipes 86

XXVI. Clitocybe media 87

XXVII. Clitocybe monadelpha. Half-tone 88

XXVII_a_. 1. Clitocybe multiceps 94

2. multiceps, var. 94

XXVIII. Colored 112

1. Collybia platyphylla 114

2. platyphylla, after rain 114

3. dryophila 120

4. fusipes 116

XXIX. Collybia radicata. Half-tone 112

XXIX_a_. Colored 96

Clitocybe illudens 96

XXIX_b_. Collybia velutipes 118

XXX. Collybia butyraceæ 117

XXXI. Collybia acervata 122

XXXII. Mycena galericulata 124

XXXIII. Hiatula Wynniæ 132

XXXIV. Omphalia umbellifera 132

XXXV. Pleurotus ostreatus. Half-tone 134

XXXVI. Pleurotus sapidus (section) 141

XXXVII. Colored 146

1. Hygrophorus pratensis (white var.) 152

2. pratensis (colored var.) 152

3. pratensis (after rain) 152

4. miniatus 159

5. cantharellus 156

6. virgineus 153

7. niveus 153

XXXVIII. Hygrophorus pratensis 147

XXXIX. Hygrophorus flavo-discus 157

XL. Hygrophorus fuligineus 158

XL_a_. Lactarius blennius 165

XLI. Colored 160

1. Lactarius piperatus 168

2. indigo 171

3. deliciosus 170

4. volemus 180

XLII. Lactarius hygrophoroides 180

XLIII. Lactarius subdulcis 182

XLIV. Colored 184

1. Russula cyanoxantha 198

2. emetica 201

3. flavida 197

4. sordida 190

5. roseipes 209

6. virescens 194

7. puellaris 208

XLV. Russula (section) 185

XLV_a_. Russula purpurina. Half-tone 188

XLV_b_. Russula brevipes 189

XLVI. Colored 214

1. Cantharellus floccosus 218

2. Morchella esculenta 542

3. Cantharellus cibarius 215

4. cibarius 215

5. brevipes 219

XLVII. Cantharellus cibarius 216

XLVIII. Cantharellus rosellus 218

XLIX. Cantharellus brevipes 219

L. Nyctalis parasiticus 220

LI. Marasmius oreades 221

LII. Lentinus (section) 228

LIII. Lentinus tigrinus 229

LIV. Panus torulosus 232

LV. Panus strigosus. Half-tone 232

LV_a_. Panus strigosus 234

LVI. Xerotus degener 237

LVII. Lenzites 238

LVIII. Trogia crispa 237

LVIII_a_. Schizophyllum commune 238

LVIII_b_. Colored 238

Rhodosporæ. Chart of Genera.

LIX. Volvaria bombycina. Half-tone 240

LIX_a_. Volvaria bombycina 240

LX. Volvaria volvacea 241

LXI. Colored 242

1. Pluteus cervinus 242

2. cervinus var. 245

LXII. Entoloma sinuatum 251

LXIII. Colored 254

1. Clitopilus abortivus 257

2. abortivus (aborted) 258

3. abortivus (aborted section) 258

4. prunulus 255

5. prunulus (section) 255

LXIV. Clitopilus prunulus 254

LXV. Clitopilus Orcella 256

LXVI. Leptonia 263

LXVII. Nolanea pascua 264

LXVIII. Eccilia atropuncta 265

LXIX. Eccilia carneo-grisea 265

LXX. Claudopus variabilis 266

LXXI. Colored 268

1. Hebeloma glutinosum 285

2. Pholiota caperata 270

3. squarrosa 273

4. subsquarrosa 275

LXXI_a_. Colored 268

Ochrosporæ. Chart of Genera.

LXXII. Pholiota præcox 272

LXXIII. Pholiota squarrosa 273

LXXIV. Pholiota adiposa 276

LXXV. Inocybe lanuginosa 281

LXXVI. Pluteolus reticulatus 282

LXXVI_a_. Hebeloma fastibile 284

LXXVI_b_. Flammula alnicola 290

LXXVII. Tubaria furfuracea 293

LXXVIII. Naucoria semiorbicularis 294

LXXVIII_a_. striapes 296

LXXIX. Galera tenera 300

LXXX. Bolbitius fragilis 303

LXXX_a_. Bolbitius nobilis 303

LXXXI. Crepidotus mollis 304

LXXXII. Colored 306

1. Cortinarius squamulosus 318

2. violaceus 314

3. ochraceus 319

4. Cortinarius turmalis 309

5. armillatus 323

LXXXIII. Cortinarius collinitus 313

LXXXIV. Cortinarius albo-violaceus 316

LXXXV. Cortinarius asper 317

LXXXVI. Cortinarius squamulosus 318

LXXXVI_a_. Cortinarius autumnalis 319

LXXXVI_b_. Cortinarius annulatus 320

LXXXVII. Cortinarius cinnamomeus 322

LXXXVIII. Cortinarius armillatus 323

XC. Paxillus involutus 328

XCI. Colored 332

1. Agaricus variabilis 346

2. silvicola 343

3. placomyces 345

4. campester 332

5. campester 332

XCII. Colored 330

Porphyrosporæ. Chart of Genera.

XCIII. Chitonia rubriceps 330

XCIV. Agaricus magnificus. Colored 342

XCV. Pilosace Algeriensis (section) 348

XCVI. Stropharia æruginosa 349

XCVI_a_. Stropharia semiglobata (section) 351

XCVII. Colored 352

1. Hypholoma appendiculatum 363

2. perplexum 354

3. sublateritium 359

4. Gomphidius rhodoxanthus 394

5. rhodoxanthus (section) 394

XCVII_a_. Hypholoma incertum. Half-tone 362

XCVIII. Hypholoma fascicularis 352

XCIX. Psilocybe spadicea 365

C. Psathyra gyroflexa 367

CI. Colored 368

Melanosporæ. Chart of Genera.

CII. Colored 372

1. Coprinus atramentarius 373

2. micaceus 378

3. Panæolus solidipes 385

4. solidipes (section) 385

CIII. Coprinus comatus. Half-tone 370

CIV. Coprinus macrosporus 375

CV. Coprinus fimetarius 376

CVI. Coprinus domesticus 381

CVII. Coprinus silvaticus 382

CVIII. Panæolus 384

CIX. Anellaria separata 388

CX. Psathyrella graciloides 390

CXI. Psathyrella disseminata 391

CXII. Gomphidius viscidus 394

CXII_a_. Boletinus paluster 401

CXIII. Boletinus porosus. Half-tone 402

CXIV. Colored 414

1. Boletus gracilis 467

2. subaureus 414

3. castaneus 472

CXV. Boletus spectabilis 408

CXV_a_. Boletus subluteus 412

CXVI. Colored 420

1. Boletus eccentricus 470

2. badiceps 436

3. fulvus 465

4. subsanguineus 420

5. crassipes 452

CXVII. Colored 424

1,2. Boletus bicolor 425

3. rubropunctus 429

4. pallidus 429

CXVIII. Colored 436

1. Boletus separans 445

2. Russelli 436

3. illudens 439

4. scaber areolatus 461, 463

5. edulis 445

CXIX. 1. Boletus edulis, var. clavipes 445

2,3. edulis 445

CXX. Boletus affinis 448

CXXI. Boletus scaber 462

CXXII. Colored 468

1. Boletus indecisus 468

2,3,4. felleus 469

CXXIV. Strobilomyces strobilaceus 475

CXXV. Colored 476

1. Fistulina hepatica 477

2. Polyporus sulphureus 485

CXXVI. Etching 478

1. Polyporus fumosus 479

2. Polystictus versicolor

3. Merulius corium 490

4. Polyporus perennis and section

5. Dædalea quercina

6. Fomes igniarius

7. Trametes gibbosa

CXXVIII. Polyporus frondosus. Half-tone 482

CXXIX. Polyporus intybaceus (section) 483

CXXX. Polyporus squamosus. Half-tone 480

CXXXI. Hydnum scabrosum 496

CXXXII. Hydnum repandum 497

CXXXIII. Hydnum albidum 499

CXXXIV. Hydnum coralloides. Half-tone 500

CXXXV. Hydnum caput-Medusæ 502

CXXXVI. Colored 508

1. Spathularia clavata 549

2. Peziza coccinea 559

3. aurantia 557

4. Cantharellus aurantiacus 216

5. Hypomyces lactifluorum 562

6. Hygrophorus coccineus 156

7. Craterellus sinuosus, var. crispus 510

8. cornucopoides 509

9. Cantharellus lutescens 218

CXXXVII. Sparassis crispa. Half-tone 512

CXXXVIII. Colored 522

1. Clavaria fusiformis 523

2. pistillaris (yellow var.) 524

3. Clavaria pistillaris (dark var.) 524

CXXXIX. Colored 516

1. Clavaria amethystina 516

2. aurea 520

3. formosa 520

CXL. Clavaria cinerea 518

CXLI. Clavaria cristata. Half-tone 518

CXLII. Clavaria circinans 522

CXLIII. Hirneola auricula-Judea 528

CXLIV. Tremella mesenterica 530

CXLIV_a_. Tremella mycetophila 531

CXLV. Tremellodon gelatinosum 533

CXLVI. Helvella crispa 536

CXLVII. Leotia lubrica 541

CXLVIII. Gyromitra brunnea 547

CXLVIII_a_. Gyromitra esculenta. Section 546

CXLIX. Morchella semilibera 545

CL. Mitrula vitellina 548

CLI. Geoglossum glutinosum 550

CLII. Peziza badia. Half-tone 554

CLIII. Tuber niveum (Terfezia leonis) 565

CLIV. Tuber æstivum 566

CLV. Pachyma cocos (Tuckahoe) 567

CLVI. 1. Lycoperdon, parts described (section) 568

2. echinatum 568

CLVIII. Phallus impudicus. Half-tone 572

CLIX. Mutinus caninus 575

CLX. Geaster hygrometricus 580

CLXI. Tylostoma Myenianum 582

CLXII. Calvatia cyathiformis. Half-tone 584

Lycoperdon cyathiforme.

CLXIII. Calvatia craniiformis 586

CLXIV. Calvatia elata 588

CLXV. Lycoperdon constellatum 592

CLXVI. Lycoperdon glabellum 595

CLXVII. Lycoperdon rimulatum 597

CLXVIII. Lycoperdon Wrightii, var. separans 604

CLXIX. Lycoperdon pedicellatum 600

CLXX. Lycoperdon eximium 601

CLXX_a_. Lycoperdon Curtisii 601

CLXX_b_. Lycoperdon Turneri 602

CLXXI. Lycoperdon pyriforme. Half-tone 602

CLXXII. Lycoperdon subincarnatum 604

CLXXIII. Lycoperdon pusillum 606

CLXXIV. Lycoperdon cepæsforme 606

CLXXV. Lycoperdon coloratum 607

CLXXVI. Lycoperdon acuminatum 607

CLXXVI_a_. Bovistella Ohiensis (section) 608

CLXXVII. Bovistella Ohiensis 608

CLXXVIII. Catastoma circumscissum 609