Part 59

AZO´NATE (_Gr_—without, + _L._—_zona_, a zone), without zones or circular bands of different color.

BA´DIOUS (_badius_, bay), bay; reddish-brown; chestnut color.

BAND, a broad bar of color.

BANDED, marked with bands.

BARBED (_barba_, beard), furnished with barbs, fibrils or hairs.

BASE (_bassus_, low, short, thick), the extremity opposite to the apex; the part of an organ nearest its point of attachment; applied to lamellæ; (a) the line of attachment to the pileus (as connected by veins at the base); (b) sometimes used to define the end attached to the stipe (broad or reticulate at the base).

BASID´IOGENET´IC (_Gr_—a base + genesis), produced upon a basidium.

BASID´IOMYCE´TES (_basidium_ + _Gr_—a mushroom), group of fungi which has its spores produced upon basidia.

BASID´IOPHORE (_basidium_ + _Gr_—to bear), a sporophore bearing basidia.

BASID´IOSPORE (_basidium_ + _Gr_—_spora_, spore; seed), spore acrogenously abjointed upon a basidium.

BASID´IUM (pl. BASID´IA), mother cells in the hymenium of basidiomycetes formed on the end of a hyphal branch and abstricting spores; the spores are generally four in number, each on a sterigma, but sometimes more, sometimes fewer, and sometimes sessile. See AUTO-BASIDIUM and PROTO-BASIDIUM.

BASIP´ETAL (_basis_, a base, + _petere_, seek, + al), in the direction of the base.

BAY (_badius_), a very rich dark-reddish chestnut; badious.

BI-, prefix, meaning twice.

BIB´ULOUS (_bibulus_, < _bibere_, drink), having the quality of absorbing or imbibing moisture.

BICIP´ETAL, BICIP´ITOUS (_biceps_ (_bicipit-_), two-headed, + al), in botany divided into two parts at the top or bottom.

BI´FID (_bifidus_, forked, < _bi_, two, + _findere_, cleave, divide), cleft or divided into two parts.

BIFUR´CATED (_bifurcus_, two-forked), divided into two forks or branches as in the gills of certain Agarics.

BILOC´ULAR (_bi_, two, + _loculus_, a cell, < _locus_, a place), two-celled.

BIOG´ENOUS (_bi_, two, + _genus_, < _gena_, born), growing on living organisms.

BISE´RIATE, BISE´RIAL (_bi_, two, + seriate), arranged in two rows.

BIS´TRE (_fuligineus_), a dark brown color somewhat more reddish than sepia, but much less so than burnt umber.

BOOT´ED, applied to the stem of a mushroom when enclosed in a sheath or volva; peronate.

BOSS, a knob or short rounded protuberance; umbo.

BOSSED, BULL´ATE (_bulla_, a bubble), furnished with a boss, stud or umbo.

BRANCHED (_brancha_, claw), dividing from the sides; also styled furcate and forked; ramifying, diverging.

BRICK, trade-term for a mass of mushroom spawn, in dimensions the size of a brick of masonry.

BRICK RED (_testaceus_, _lateritius_, _rutilus_), a dull brownish-red color like the color of burnt bricks.

BROAD, wide or deep vertically, not narrow.

BROCCOLI COLOR, the color of a variety of cabbage.

BUFF (_luteus_, _luteolus_), a light dull brownish-yellow, like the color of dressed buck-skin or chamois.

BUL´BOUS (_bulbosus_, < _bulbus_, bulb), said of the stem of a mushroom when it has a bulb-like swelling at the base.

BYSSA´CEOUS, BYS´SOID (as if _byssaceus_, < _byssus_), resembling or consisting of fine filaments like the flax or cotton.

BYS´SUS (_Gr_—originally a fine yellowish flax), an old name for the filamentous mycelium of certain fungi.

CÆRU´LEUS, CERU´LEOS (_cæruleus_, dark-blue, dark-green, dark colored), light blue; sky-blue.

CÆ´SIOUS (_cæsius_, bluish-gray), pale, bluish-gray; lavender colored.

CÆS´PITOSE, CÆS´PITOUS, CES´PITOSE (_cæspitosus_, < _cæsposus_, a clump of turf), growing in tufts or clumps.

CALCA´REOUS (_calcarius_, pertaining to lime, < _calyx_, lime), chalky, chalk-like.

CALLOS´ITY, CAL´LUS (_callosita_, < _callosus_, callous), a hard or thickened spot or protuberance.

CALYP´TRA (_Gr_—a veil, hence _calyptra_, a hood), applied _e. g._ to the portion of the volva covering the pileus.

CAMPAN´ULATE (_campana_, a bell), bell-shaped.

CANALIC´ULATE (_canaliculus_, a little channel), channeled, furrowed.

CAN´CELLATE (_cancellatus_, pp. of _cancellare_, make like or provide with a lattice), latticed, marked both longitudinally and transversely with an open network.

CAN´DIDOUS (_candidus_), shining white.

CANES´CENT (_canescen(t-)s_, pp. of _canescere_, < _canus_, white or hoary), having whitish, grayish or hoary pubescence.

CAP, pileus; the expanded, umbrella-like receptacle of the common mushroom.

CAP´ILLARY (_capillaris_, pertaining to the hair, < _capillus_, the hair), pertaining to or resembling hair.

CAPIL´LIFORM (_capillus_, hair, + _forma_, form), in the shape or form of a hair.

CAPILLIT´IUM (_capillus_, hair), spore-bearing threads, filling as a packing material the fruiting part of certain fungi, variable in thickness and color, sometimes continuous with the sterile base, sometimes free, dense, persistent or lax and evanescent, often branched; found in the Lycoperdons.

CAP´ITATE (_capitatus_, having a head, < _caput_, head), having a head, or the form of a head.

CAPIT´ULUM (_capitulum_, a small head, < _caput_, head), a small head.

CAP´SULE (_capsula_, a small box or chest, dim. of _capsa_, a box), an enclosing envelope usually thin and membranous.

CARBONA´CEOUS (carbon + aceous), rigid, blackish and brittle; like or composed of carbon or coaly matter.

CAR´DIAC (_cardiacus_, heart), of or pertaining to the heart; pertaining to the esophageal portion of the stomach, opposed to pyloric.

CA´RIOUS (_cariosus_, < _caries_, decay), decayed.

CARMINE (_carmineus_, _coccineus_), a very pure and intense crimson, the purest of the cochineal colors.

CAR´NEOUS (_carneus_, < _caro_, flesh), fleshy; flesh-colored.

CAR´NOSE (_carnosus_, fleshy, < _caro_, flesh), fleshy.

CARTILAG´INOUS (_cartilaginosus_, < _cartilago_, gristle), firm and tough; gristly.

CASTA´NEOUS (_castaneus_), chestnut-colored; chestnut color. (Burnt umber + vermilion.)

CAU´DATE (_caudatus_, < _cauda_, a tail), having a tail-like appendage.

CAULIC´OLOUS (dim. of _caulis_, a stalk), growing on herbaceous stems.

CELL (_cella_, a small room, barn, etc.), (a) a small cavity, compartment or hollow place; (b) a mass of protoplasm of various size and shape, generally microscopic, with or without a nucleus and enclosing wall, the fundamental form-element of every organized body.

CELL´ULAR (_cellula_, dim. of a cell, + ar), composed of cells.

CELL´ULOSE (_cellula_, a cell), the essential constituent of the primary wall-membrane of cells, a secretion from the contained protoplasm; allied to starch, sugar and inulin. Chemical formula, C_{6}H_{10}O_{5}.

CENTIMETER, CM. (_centum_, a hundred, + metre, meter), in the metric system a measure of length, the hundredth part of a meter, equal to 0.3937 of an English inch.

CENTRIF´UGALLY (_centrum_, the center, + _fugere_, flee), from the center outwards.

CENTRIP´ETALLY (_centrum_, the center, + _petere_, seek, move toward), from the circumference toward the center.

CE´PÆFORM (_cepa_, an onion; _forma_, form), onion-shaped.

CERA´CEOUS (_ceraceus_, < _cera_, wax), wax-like, waxy.

CEREB´RIFORM (_cerebrum_, the brain, + _forma_, form), brain-shaped.

CER´VINE (_cervinus_, < _cervus_, deer), of a deep tawny or fawn color.

CHAN´NELED (_canalis_, a water-pipe, canal), hollowed out like a gutter; canaliculate

CHARTA´CEOUS (_chartaceus_, < _charta_, paper), like paper.

CHESTNUT COLOR (_castaneus_, _spadiceus_), a rich dark reddish-brown of a slightly purplish cast. (Vermilion + burnt umber.)

CHLAM´YDOSPORES (_Gr_—mantle, + _Gr_—seed) (encased spores), one of a number of thick-walled resting spores usually formed in rows from the breaking up of the hyphæ into spherical bead-like cells; on germination they may develop sporangia or conidiophores.

CHLO´ROPHYLL (_chlorophyllum_, _Gr_—yellowish-green; _Gr_=_L._, _folium_, a leaf), the green coloring matter of plants.

CHLORO´SIS (_Gr_—greenness, paleness), loss of color, etiolation.

CHOCOLATE-BROWN (_chocolatinus_), a rich dark reddish-brown color, like the exterior glazed surface of a cake of chocolate.

CHROME-GREEN (_chromium-viridis_), a dull green color, nearly intermediate between malachite green and sage green.

CHROME-YELLOW, a deep yellow.

CIL´IA (pl. of CILI´UM), (_cilium_, an eye-lid), marginal hair-like processes.

CIL´IATE (_cilium_, an eye-lid), fringed with hair-like processes.

CINE´REOUS, CINERA´CEOUS (_cinereus_, _cineraceus_), ash-gray; a light bluish-gray color, lighter than plumbeous.

CIN´NABARINE (_cinnabar_, vermilion, + ine), cinnabar-colored; bright red; vermilion.

CINNAMO´MEOUS, CINNAMON (_cinnamomeus_, _cinnamominus_), a light reddish-brown color, like the inner surface of cinnamon bark.

CINNAMON-RUFOUS (_cinnamomeo-rufus_), rufous with a tinge of cinnamon. (Burnt sienna + raw umber + light red + white.)

CIR´CINATE (_circinatus_, pp. _circinare_, to make round), disposed in a circle; circular, coiled like a shepherd’s crook.

CIRCUMSCIS´SILE (_circumscissus_, pp. of _circumscindere_, cut about), opening or dividing by a transverse circular line; applied to a mode of dehiscence in some fruits.

CIT´RINE, CIT´REOUS, CIT´RINOUS (_citrus_, a lemon or citron), lemon-yellow colored.

CLATH´RATE, CLATH´ROID (_clathratus_, _Gr_—a lattice), latticed.

CLA´VATE, CLAV´IFORM (_clavatus_, < _clava_, a club), club-shaped, gradually thickened towards the top.

CLAY COLOR (_lutescens_, _luteolus_, _lutosus_, _argillaceus_), a dull light brownish-yellow color, nearly intermediate between yellow ocher and Isabella color.

CLEIS´TOCARP, CLIS´TOCARP (_Gr_—that can be closed, + fruit), an ascocarp which is entirely closed, and from which the spores escape by its final rupture.

CLOSE, packed closely side by side; said of lamellæ when they are close together; also styled crowded.

COALES´CENT (_coalescens_, ppr. of _coalescere_, grow together), growing together of similar parts; coherent.

COCH´LEATE, COCHLEAR´IFORM (_cochleatus_, _cocleatus_, spiral, < _cochlea_, _coclea_, a snail’s shell), shaped like a snail shell.

COHE´RENT (_coherens_, ppr. of _cohærere_, stick together, cohere), sticking together of similar parts; sometimes used in the sense of connate.

COLLEN´CHYMA (_Gr_—glue, + _Gr_—an infusion), in Geaster, etc., a cartilaginous-gelatinous tissue, hygroscopic and with great capacity for swelling, forming one of the inner layers of the peridium; its swelling at maturity causes the outer peridium to burst outward in a stellate manner.

COLLIC´ULOSE (_colliculus_, a little hill, dim. of _collis_, a hill), covered with little hill-like elevations.

_Col´loid_ (_Gr_—glue, + semblance), like glue or jelly.

COLUMEL´LA (_columella_, a little column), a sterile tissue rising column-like in the midst of the capillitium, serving as a point of insertion for the threads which connect it with the peridium in the form of a network. (In Lycoperdaceæ.)

CO´MATE, CO´MOSE, CO´MOUS (_comatus_, hairy, < _coma_, a hair), furnished with a tuft of silky hairs; hairy.

COM´PLANATE (_complanatus_, pp. of _complanare_, make plane or plain), flattened vertically to a level surface above and below.

COMPRESSED´ (_compressa_, fem. of _compressus_, pp. of _comprimere_, compress), flattened laterally.

CONCAT´ENATE (_con_, together, + _catenare_, link, chain, < _catena_, a chain), linked together in a chain.

CONCAVE´ (_concavus_, hollow, arched, vaulted; _com_, together, + _cavus_, hollow), having a rounded, incurved surface.

CONCEN´TRIC (_con_, together; _centrum_, center), having a common center, as a series of rings, one within another.

CONCEP´TACLE (_conceptaculum_, < _concipere_, pp. _conceptus_, contain, conceive), a closed sporiferous body.

CON´CHIFORM (_concha_, a shell, + _forma_, shape), shell-shaped, resembling a clam-shell in shape.

CONCOLORED, CONCOL´OROUS (_concolor_, of one color), of a uniform color.

CONCRES´CENT (_concrescentia_, < _concrescere_, grow together), growing together.

CON´CRETE (_concretus_, grown together, solid), coalescent; united in a coagulated, condensed or solid mass; grown together.

CONFER´VOID (_conferva_, a name applied to certain of the Algæ, sea-weeds; + _Gr_—form), like a Conferva, from the finely branched threads; loose and filamentous.

CON´FLUENT (_con_, together, + _Gr_—_fluere_, flow), blended into one.

CON´GENER (_congener_, of the same race, < _con_, together, + _genus_ (_gener_), race), of the same genus or kind.

CONGENER´IC, CONGENER´ICAL, CONGEN´EROUS (_congener_, of the same race, + ic, ous), belonging to or nearly allied to the same genus.

CONGENET´IC (_con_, together, + _Gr_—generation, seed), produced at the same time or by the same cause; alike in origin.

CONGLOM´ERATE (_conglomeratus_, pp. of _conglomerare_, roll together, heap together, < _com_, together, + _glomerare_, gather into a ball), densely clustered; gathered into a round mass; composed of heterogeneous materials.

CONGLU´TINATE (_conglutinatus_, pp. of _conglutinare_, glue together, < _com_, together, + _glutinare_, glue), as if glued together.

CONID´IAL (conidium + al), pertaining to or of the nature of a conidium or conidia; characterized by the formation of conidia; bearing conidia.

CONIDIIF´EROUS, CONIDIOPH´OROUS (_conidium_, dust, + _ferre_, bear), bearing conidia.

CONID´IOPHORE (_conidium_, + _Gr_—bearing), a hypha from which are abstricted conidia.

CONID´IUM (pl. CONIDIA), a non-sexual spore formed singly or in chains by abstriction from the ends of hyphæ or hyphal branches. See under SPORE.

CO´NIFER (_conifer_, cone-bearing, < _conus_, a cone, + _ferre_, bear), a cone-bearing tree.

CONJUGA´TION (_conjugatio(n-)_, a joining, entomological relationship, < _conjugare_, pp. _conjugatus_, join), union of two cells to form a spore.

CON´NATE (_connatus_, pp. _connasci_, < _con_, together; _nascor_, to be born), united by growing together from the first.

CON´NIVENT (_conniven(t-)s_, _coniven(t-)s_, ppr. of _connivere_, _conivere_, wink at; overlook), having an inward direction, converging, coming in contact, said of a cup whose sides curve inward and meet at the margin.

CON´STANT (_constan(t-)s_, steady, firm, < _com_, together, + _stare_), always present or always in the same condition.

CONSTRIC´TED (constrict + ed), contracted so as to be smaller in one or more places than in others.

CON´TEXT (_contextus_, pp. of _contexere_, join or weave together), texture; substance.

CONTIG´UOUS (_contiguus_, touching), near, or in contact.

CONTIN´UOUS (_continuus_, joined, < _continere_, hold together), without a break; applied to spores or hyphæ that have no septa.

CONTOR´TED (_contortus_, pp. of _contorquere_, twist, < _com_, together; _torquere_, twist), distorted, twisted, crooked or deformed.

CON´VEX (_convexus_, vaulted, arched, convex, concave), elevated and regularly rounded; forming the segment of a sphere or nearly so.

CONVEX´O-PLANE, between convex and flat.

CON´VOLUTE (_convolutus_, pp. of _convolvere_, roll together), covered with irregular convexities and depressions resembling the convolutions of the brain.

COR´DATE (_cordatus_, heart-shaped), heart-shaped.

CORIA´CEOUS (_coriaceus_, < _corium_, leather), of a leathery texture.

COR´NEOUS (_corneus_, horny), of a horny texture.

COR´RUGATED (_corrugatus_, pp. _corrugare_, < _con_, together, + _rugare_, to wrinkle), wrinkled; contracted; puckered; having a wrinkled appearance.

COR´TEX (_cortex_, cork), literally bark; a covering of cells enclosing the axis; cortical layer; the outer rind-like layer or layers of some fungus bodies.

COR´TICAL (_cortex_ (_cortic_), bark, rind, + al), of or pertaining to the cortex.

COR´TICATE, COR´TICATED (_corticatus_, pp. adj., < _cortex_, bark), furnished with bark-like covering; having a rind.

CORTI´NA (_cortina_), a veil of spider-web structure rupturing at or near the stem; applied to the peculiar veil of the genus Cortinarius.

COR´TINATE (_cortinatus_, < _cortina_, a curtain), provided with or pertaining to a cortina.

COS´TATE (_costatus_, ribbed, < _costa_, rib), having a ridge or ridges as if ribbed.

COSTÆ (pl. of _costa_, a rib, a side), ribs or primary veins (as in a leaf).

CRATE´RA (_crater_, a bowl), a cup-shaped receptacle.

CRATER´IFORM (_crater_, a crater, + _forma_, shape), basin or saucer-shaped; having the form of a crater.

CREAM COLOR (_cremeus_), a light pinkish-yellow color like cream.

CRE´NATE (_crenatus_, < _crena_, a notch), notched at the edge, indented, scalloped: The notches are blunt or rounded, not sharp as in a serrated edge.

CREN´ULATE, CREN´ULATED (_crenulatus_), same as crenate.

CRETA´CEOUS (_cretaceus_, chalky, < _creta_, chalk), chalky; of the color of chalk.

CRIB´RATE, CRIB´RIFORM (_cribrum_, a sieve, + _forma_, shape), sieve-like; perforated with small holes.

CRIB´ROSE (_cribrosus_, < _cribrum_, a sieve), pierced with holes; perforated.

CRIMSON (_carmineus_, _sanguineus_, _sanguineo-ruber_), blood-red, the color of the cruder sorts of carmine.

CRI´NITE (_crinitus_, haired, pp. of _crinire_, provide with hair, < _crinis_, hair), having a tuft of long, weak hairs.

CRISP, CRISPED, CRIS´PATE (_crispus_, curled, wavy, uneven, tremulous), having the surface, especially near the margin, strongly and finely undulate, as the leaves of the Savoy cabbage.

CRIS´TATE (_cristatus_, < _crista_, a crest), crested; bearing a ridge, mane or tuft on the top.

CRU´CIATE, CRU´CIFORM (_cruciatus_, pp. of _cruciare_, torture), having the form of a cross with equal arms.

CRUSTA´CEOUS (_crusta_, a crust, + aceous), of hard and brittle texture.

CRYP´TOGAM (_Gr_—hidden, + marriage), a plant of the order Cryptogamia.

CRYPTOGA´MIA (_Gr_—hidden, + marriage), flowerless plants propagated by spores.

CRYPTOG´AMY (_Gr_—hidden, + marriage), obscure fructification as in plants of the class Cryptogamia.

CULM (_culmus_, a stalk), the stem of grasses.

CU´NEATE, CUNE´IFORM (_cuneatus_, pp. of _cuneare_, wedge, make wedge-shaped, < _cuneus_, a wedge), wedge-shaped.

CUP (_cupa_, a tub, cask, vat), the concave fruiting body of angiocarpous lichens and discomycetous fungi; the peridium of a clustering fungus. See APOTHECIUM.

CU´PREOUS (_cupreus_, of copper, < _cuprum_, copper), copper-colored.

CU´PULAR, CU´PULATE (a little cup, dim. of _cupa_, a cup), cup-shaped.

CU´PULE, CU´PULA (a little cup, dim. of _cupa_, a cup), a receptacle shaped like a little cup, as in Peziza.

CURLED, same as CRISP.

CURT (_curtus_, clipped, broken, shortened), short.

CUR´TAIN (_cortina_, a small croft, screen, etc.), same as cortina.

CUS´PIDATE (_cuspidatus_, pp. _cuspidare_, < _cuspis_, a point, spear), with a sharp spear-like point.

CU´TICLE (_cuticula_, dim. of _cutis_, the skin), a distinct skin-like layer; cutis, cuticle, pellicle and epidermis have been used indiscriminately to describe the separable or inseparable skin-like layer sometimes present on the outer surface of the pileus and stem; of these terms, cuticle is used most commonly.

CU´TIS. See CUTICLE.

CYA´NEOUS (_cyaneus_, dark blue), bright blue; azure; lapis-lazuli blue.

CYANO´SIS (_Gr_—dark-blue, + osis), in pathology a blue or more or less livid color of the surface of the body, due to imperfect circulation and oxygenation of the blood.

CY´ATHIFORM (_cyathus_, a cup; _forma_, form), cup-shaped, shape of a drinking glass slightly widened at the top.

CYLIN´DRIC, CYLIN´DRICAL (_cylindricus_, cylinder), cylinder-shaped; applied to a branch or stem having the same or nearly the same diameter throughout, and its cross-section circular.

CYM´BÆFORM, CYM´BIFORM (_cymba_, a boat, + _forma_, shape), boat-shape.

CYST (_cystis_, the bladder, bag, pouch), a bladder-like cell or cavity.

CYSTID´IUM (pl. CYSTID´IA) (_Gr_—the bladder, + the dim. termination), sterile bladder cells of the hymenium, generally larger than the basidia cells between which and with which they are formed.

DASH, -, between two figures = to; from 2 to 4.

DAUGHTER-CELL, any cell when mentioned in relation to the one (mother-cell) from which it is derived.

DEAL´BATE (_dealbatus_, pp. of _dealbare_, whiten, white-wash, etc., < _de_ + _albare_, whiten), as if white-washed; covered with very white opaque powder.

DECID´UOUS (_deciduus_, that falls down; < _decidere_, < _de_, down, + _cedere_, to fall), falling off at maturity or at the end of the season, not permanent; losing the foliage every year.

DECOR´TICATE, DECOR´TICATED (_decorticatus_, pp. of _decorticare_, < _de_, from, + _cortex_, bark), denuded of bark; destitute of a cortex or cortical layer.

DECUM´BENT (_decumben(t-)s_, ppr. of _decumbere_, lie down, < _de_, down, + _cumbere_, lie) applied to a stem having the lower part resting on the ground.

DECUR´RENT (_decurren(t-)s_, ppr. _decurrere_, run down), applied to lamellæ (gills) which are prolonged down the stem.

DECURVED´ (decurve + ed, after _decurvatus_, curved back), curved downward; opposed to recurved.

DEFLEXED´ (_deflexus_, pp. _deflectere_, turn aside), bent or turned down.

DEHIS´CENCE (_dehiscen(t-)s_, dehiscent), the spontaneous opening of a peridium at maturity to discharge the spores.

DEHIS´CENT (_dehiscere_, gape, open), a closed organ opening of itself at maturity or when it has attained a certain development.

DELIQUES´CENT (_deliquescere_, melt away), relating to mushrooms which at maturity become liquid or melt down.

DELIMITA´TION (_delimitare_, mark out the limits, < _de_ + _limitare_, limit, bound), the marking, fixing or prescribing the limits or boundaries.

DEN´DROID, DEN´DRIFORM (_Gr_—a tree, + _L._—_forma_, form), tree-shaped.

DEN´TATE (_dentatus_, tooth), toothed with a concave serrature.

DENTIC´ULATE (_denticulatus_, < _denticulus_, a small tooth), finely dentate.

DENU´DATE (_denudatus_, pp. of _denudare_, make bare, strip), naked; exposed, not immersed.

DEPRESSED´ (_depressus_, pp. of _deprimere_, < _de_, down, + _premere_, press), as if pressed down or flattened; sunk below the level of the surrounding margin.

DERMINI, a group of fungi with brown or rust-colored spores.

DESCEND´ING (_descindere_, pp. _descensus_, come down, fall, < _de_, down, _scandere_, climb), applied to a marginal veil when, in the young stage, its marginal attachment is below the level of its stem-attachment; a ring formed from it is called superior; turned downward.

DES´ICCATE, DES´ICCATED (_desiccatus_, pp. of _desiccare_, dry up, < _de_, intensive, < _siccare_, dry), dried.

DETER´MINATE (_determinatus_, pp. _determinare_, fix, limit), ending definitely; having a distinctly defined outline.

DETERMINA´TION (_determinatio(n)_, boundary, conclusion, end, _determinare_, pp. _determinatus_, bound, determine), assignment to the proper place in a classification or series.

DIAGNO´SIS (_diagnosis_, a distinguishing), scientific discrimination of any kind; a short distinctive description, as of a plant.

DIAPH´ANOUS (_Gr_—through, + to appear), of a transparent texture; permitting the passage of light.

DICHOT´OMOUS (_Gr_—in two, + to cut), dividing into two; regularly forked.

DICHOT´OMY (_Gr_—a cutting in two), a mode of branching by constant forking or dividing in pairs.

DID´YMOUS (_Gr_—double, twofold, twin), double; of two equal parts.

DIFFEREN´TIATED (_differentia_, difference), exhibiting differentiation.

DIFFERENTIA´TION (_differentia_, difference, + ation), (a) discrimination between by observing or describing the differences; (b) the evolutionary process or results by which originally different parts or organs become differentiated or specialized in either form or function; specialization.