Civil War and Reconstruction in Alabama

The Republican party of Alabama went into the campaign of 1874 weakened by dissensions within its own ranks and by the lessening of the sympathy of the northern Radicals. During...

Early in the war the blockade of the southern ports became so effective that the southern states were shut off from their usual sources of supply by sea. Trade through the lines...

On January 4, 1861, the Alabama troops, ordered by Governor Andrew B. Moore, seized the forts which commanded the entrance to the harbor at Mobile, and also the United States ar...

[1369] Washington (in "The Future of the American Negro," pp. 11, 112, 136) thinks it unfortunate that the native whites did not make stronger efforts to control the politics of...

Any account of the causes of disturbed conditions in the South during the two years succeeding the war must include an examination of the workings of the Freedmen's Bureau, the...

The Ku Klux movement was an understanding among southern whites, brought about by the chaotic condition of social and political institutions between 1865 and 1876. It resulted i...

Owing to the important bearing upon the problem of Reconstruction of the disputes between the President and Congress in regard to the status of the seceded states, it will be of...

During the war the administration of the state government gradually fell into the hands of officials elected by people more or less disaffected toward the Confederacy. Provision...

The surviving soldiers came straggling home, worn out, broken in health, crippled, in rags, half starved, little better off, they thought, than the comrades they had left under...

On November 12, 1860, a committee of prominent citizens, appointed by a convention of the people of several counties, asked the governor whether he intended to call the state co...

It was generally understood in the state that while Congress was opposed to the presidential plan of restoration and repudiated it as soon as it convened, yet if the state conve...

The Radicals in Congress triumphed over the moderate Republicans, the Democrats, and the President, when, on March 2, 1867, they succeeded in passing over the veto the first of...

The public school system of the state of Alabama was organized in 1854, and was an expansion of the Mobile system, which was partly native and partly modelled on the New York-Ne...

The cotton planter of the South, the master of many negro slaves, organized a very efficient slave labor system. Each plantation was an industrial community almost independent o...

At the time of the collapse of the Confederacy trade within the state of Alabama was subject to the following regulations: gold and silver was in no case to be paid for southern...

When Alabama seceded in 1861, it had been in existence as a political organization less than half a century, but in many respects its institutions and customs were as old as Eur...

The paroled Confederate soldier returned to his ruined farm and went to work to keep his family from extreme want. For him the war had decided two questions, the abolition of sl...

The debates in the convention over mixed schools, proscription, militia, and representation had seemingly resulted in a division between the carpet-baggers, who controlled the n...

For forty years before the Civil War there was a feeling on the part of many thoughtful citizens that the state should extend aid to any enterprise for connecting north and sout...

In order to understand the absolute control exercised over the blacks by the alien adventurers, as shown in the elections of 1867-1868, it will be necessary to examine the worki...

After the war it was certain that taxation would be higher and expenditure greater, both on account of the ruin caused by the war that now had to be repaired, and because severa...

The close of the war found the southern church organizations in a more or less demoralized condition. Their property was destroyed, their buildings were burned or badly in need...

In the account of the affairs thus far we have seen many evidences of the active participation of the military power of the United States in the conduct of government in Alabama...

The delegates elected to the convention were a motley crew--white, yellow, and black--of northern men, Bureau officers, "loyalists," "rebels," who had aided the Confederacy and...

In the preceding chapter the part of the army in executing the Reconstruction Acts has been set forth. In the three succeeding chapters I shall sketch the political conditions i...

The Republican Party in 1874 771 Whites desert the Party 771 The Demand of the Negro for Social Rights 772 Disputes among Radical Editors 773 Demand of Negroes for Office 773 Fa...

THE SHIFTING AND INCIDENCE OF TAXATION. By EDWIN R. A. SELIGMAN, Professor of Political Economy and Finance, Columbia University. Second Edition, completely revised and enlarged...

Industrial Development during the War 149 Military Industries 149 Manufacture of Arms 150 Nitre Making 153 Private Manufacturing Enterprises 156 Salt Making 157 Confederate Fina...

Military Operations 61 The War in North Alabama 62 The Streight Raid 67 Rousseau's Raid 68 The War in South Alabama 69 Wilson's Raid and the End of the War 71 Destruction by the...

Causes of the Ku Klux Movement 654 Secret Societies of Regulators before Ku Klux Klan 659 Origin and Growth of Ku Klux Klan 661 The Knights of the White Camelia 671 The Work of...

Administration of General John Pope 473 Military Reconstruction Acts 473 Pope's Control of the Civil Government 477 Pope and the Newspapers 485 Trials by Military Commissions 48...

Composition of the Population of Alabama 3 The Indians and Nullification 8 Slavery Controversy and Political Divisions 10 Emancipation Sentiment in North Alabama 10 Early Party...

Politics and Political Methods 733 The First Reconstruction Administration 733 Reconstruction Judiciary 744 Campaign of 1868 747 The Administration of Governor Lindsay 750 The A...

The Freedmen's Bureau 421 Department of Negro Affairs 421 Organization of the Bureau 423 The Bureau and the Civil Authorities 427 The Bureau supported by Confiscations 431 The L...

Secession Convention Called 27 Parties in the Convention 28 Reports on Secession 31 Debate on Secession 31 Political Theories of Members 34 Ordinance of Secession Passed 36 Conf...

Loss of Life in War 251 Destruction of Property 253 The Wreck of the Railways 259 The Interregnum: Lawlessness and Disorder 262 The Negro testing his Freedom 269 How to prove Fr...

After the Surrender 308 "Condition of Affairs in the South" 311 General Grant's Report 311 Carl Schurz's Report 312 Truman's Report 312 Report of the Joint Committee on Reconstr...

"Disintegration and Absorption" Policy 637 The Methodists 637 The Baptists 640 The Presbyterians 641 The Churches and the Negro during Reconstruction 642 The Baptists and the Ne...

Theories of Reconstruction 333 Presidential Plan in Operation 341 Early Attempts at "Restoration" 341 Amnesty Proclamation 349 "Proscribing Proscription" 356 The "Restoration" C...

Break-up of the Ante-bellum System 710 The Freedmen's Bureau System 717 Northern and Foreign Immigration 718 Attempts to organize a New System 721 Development of the Share and C...

School System before Reconstruction 607 School System of Reconstruction 609 Reconstruction of the State University 612 Trouble in the Mobile Schools 618 Irregularities in School...

Status of the Provisional Government 376 Legislation about Freedmen 378 The Negro under the Provisional Government 383 Movement toward Negro Suffrage 386 New Conditions of Congr...

Confiscation Frauds 284 Restrictions on Trade in 1865 284 Federal Claims to Confederate Property 285 Cotton Frauds and Stealing 290 Cotton Agents Prosecuted 297 Statistics of th...

Federal and State Aid to Railroads before the War 587 General Legislation in Aid of Railroads 589 The Alabama and Chattanooga Railroad 591 Other Indorsed Railroads 600 County an...

"Convention" Candidates 531 Campaign on the Constitution 534 Vote on the Constitution 538 The Constitution fails of Adoption 541 The Alabama Question in Congress 547 Alabama rea...