CHAPTER IV

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS

Industrial Development during the War 149 Military Industries 149 Manufacture of Arms 150 Nitre Making 153 Private Manufacturing Enterprises 156 Salt Making 157 Confederate Finance in Alabama 162 Banks and Banking 162 Issues of Bonds and Notes by the State 164 Special Appropriations and Salaries 168 Taxation 169 Impressment 174 Debts, Stay Laws, Sequestration 176 Trade, Barter, Prices 178 Blockade-running and Trade through the Lines 183 Scarcity and Destitution, 1861-1865 196 The Negro during the War 205 Military Uses of Negroes 205 Negroes on the Farms 209 Fidelity to Masters 210 Schools and Colleges 212 Confederate Text-books 217 Newspapers 218 Publishing Houses 221 The Churches during the War 223 Attitude on Public Questions 223 The Churches and the Negroes 225 Federal Army and the Southern Churches 227 Domestic Life 230 Society in 1861 230 Life on the Farm 232 Home Industries; Makeshifts and Substitutes 234 Clothes and Fashions 236 Drugs and Medicines 239 Social Life during the War 241 Negro Life 243 Woman's Work for the Soldiers 244