CHAPTER XXIV

THE OVERTHROW OF RECONSTRUCTION

The Republican Party in 1874 771 Whites desert the Party 771 The Demand of the Negro for Social Rights 772 Disputes among Radical Editors 773 Demand of Negroes for Office 773 Factions within the Party 774 Negroes in 1874 775 Promises made to them 775 Negro Social and Political Clubs 776 Negro Democrats 777 The Democratic and Conservative Party in 1874 778 Attitude of the Whites toward the Blacks 779 The Color Line Drawn 780 "Independent" Candidates 781 The Campaign of 1874 782 Platforms and Candidates 782 "Political Bacon" 783 "Hays-Hawley Letter" 786 Intimidation by Federal Authorities 789 Intimidation by Democrats 791 The Election of 1874 793 The Eufaula Riot 794 Results of the Election 795 Later Phases of State Politics 798 Whites make Secure their Control 798 The "Lily Whites" and the "Black and Tans" 799 The Failure of the Populist Movement 799 The Primary Election System 800 The Negroes Disfranchised 800

SUCCESSES AND FAILURES OF RECONSTRUCTION 801

APPENDICES:

Cotton Production in Alabama, 1860-1900 804 Registration of Voters under the New Constitution 806

INDEX 809

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

Alabama Money _Facing_ 178 Buckley, Rev. C. W. " 552 "Bully for Alabama" " 738 Callis, John B. " 552 Clanton, General James H. " 760 Clemens, Jere " 36 Confederate Capitol, Montgomery " 96 Confederate Monument, Montgomery " 96 Confederate Postage Stamps " 178 Crowe, Major James R. " 760 Curry, Dr. J. L. M. " 626 Davis, Jefferson " 54 Davis, Inauguration of " 96 Davis, Residence of, Montgomery " 96 Gaineswood, a Plantation Home " 8 Hays, Charles " 552 "Hon. Mr. Carraway" " 738 Houston, Governor George S. " 760 John Brown Extra " 18 Johnson, President Andrew " 336 Ku Klux Costumes 675 Ku Klux Hanging Pictures 612 Ku Klux Warning 678 Lewis, Governor D. P. _Facing_ 600 Lindsay, Governor R. B. " 760 Meade, General George G. " 476 Moore, Governor Andrew B. " 130 Negro Members of the Convention of 1875 " 600 "Nigger, Scalawag, Carpetbagger" " 738 Parsons, Governor L. E. " 600 Patton, Governor R. M. " 760 Pope, General John " 476 Prescript (Original) of Ku Klux Klan, Facsimile of Page of " 670 Prescript (revised and amended) of Ku Klux Klan, Facsimile of Page of 665 Private Money _Facing_ 178 Rapier, J. T. " 552 Ritual of the Knights of the White Camelia, Facsimile of Page of " 670 Shorter, Governor John Gill " 130 Smith, Governor William H. " 600 Smith, William R. " 36 Spencer, Senator George E. " 552 Stephens, Alexander H. " 36 Stevens, Thaddeus " 336 Sumner, Charles " 336 Swayne, General Wager " 476 "The Speaker cried out, 'Order!'" " 738 Thomas, General George H. " 476 Union League Constitution, Facsimile of Page of " 566 Walker, General L. P. " 36 Warner, Senator Willard " 552 Watts, Governor Thomas H. " 130 Wilmer, Bishop R. H. " 130 Yancey, William Lowndes " 36

LIST OF MAPS

PAGE 1. Population in 1860 4 2. Nativity and Distribution of Public Men 6 3. Election for President, 1860 20 4. Parties in the Secession Convention 29 5. Disaffection toward the Confederacy, 1861-1865 110 6. Industrial Development, 1861-1865 150 7. Devastation by Invading Armies 256 8. Parties in the Convention of 1865 359 9. Registration of Voters under the Reconstruction Acts 494 10. Election for President, 1868 747 11. Election of 1870 750 12. Election of 1872 755 13. Election of 1874 795 14. Election of 1876 796 15. Election of 1880 798 16. Election of 1890 799 17. Election of 1902 under New Constitution 800