Category: History - European
Outbreak of the Revolutionary War in 1792--Its immediate causes-- Declaration of Pillnitz made and withdrawn--Agitation of the Priests and Emigrants--War Policy of the Gironde--Provocations offered to France by the Powers--State of Central Europe in 1792--The Holy Roman Empire...
France after 1871--Alliance of the Three Emperors--Revolt of Herzegovina--The Andrássy Note--Murder of the Consuls at Salonika--The Berlin Memorandum--Rejected by England--Abdul...
45. Chapter 45Austria and Italy--Vienna from March to May--Flight of the Emperor-- Bohemian National Movement--Windischgrätz subdues Prague--Campaign around Verona--Papal Allocution--Naples i...
40. Chapter 40Condition of Greece: its Races and Institutions--The Greek Church--Communal System--The Ægæan Islands--The Phanariots--Greek Intellectual Revival; Koraes--Beginning of Greek Nat...
48. Chapter 48Germany after 1858--The Regency in Prussia--Army re-organisation--King William I.--Conflict between the Crown and the Parliament--Bismarck--The struggle continued--Austria from...
38. Chapter 38Concert of Europe after 1815--Spirit of the Foreign Policy of Alexander, of Metternich, and of the English Ministry--Metternich's action in Italy, England's in Sicily and Spain-...
49. Chapter 49Napoleon III.--The Mexican Expedition--Withdrawal of the French and death of Maximilian--The Luxemburg Question--Exasperation in France against Prussia--Austria--Italy--Mentana-...
37. Chapter 37The Restoration of 1814--Norway--Naples--Westphalia--Spain--The Spanish Constitution overthrown: Victory of the Clergy--Restoration in France--The Charta--Encroachments of the N...
39. Chapter 39Movements in the Mediterranean States beginning in 1820--Spain from 1814 to 1820--The South American Colonies--The Army at Cadiz: Action of Quiroga and Riego--Movement at Corunn...
41. Chapter 41France before 1830--Reign of Charles X.--Ministry of Martignac--Ministry of Polignac--The Duke of Orleans--War in Algiers--The July Ordinances-- Revolution of July--Louis Philip...
47. Chapter 47Piedmont after 1849--Ministry of Azeglio--Cavour Prime Minister--Designs of Cavour--His Crimean Policy--Cavour at the Conference of Paris--Cavour and Napoleon III.--The Meeting...
27. Chapter 27French and Austrian armies on the Flemish frontier--Prussia enters the war--Brunswick invades France--His Proclamation--Insurrection of Aug. 10 at Paris--Massacres of September-...
46. Chapter 46England and France in 1851--Russia under Nicholas--The Hungarian Refugees--Dispute between France and Russia on the Holy Places--Nicholas and the British Ambassador--Lord Stratf...
29. Chapter 29Congress of Rastadt--The Rhenish Provinces ceded--Ecclesiastical States of Germany suppressed--French intervention in Switzerland--Helvetic Republic-- The French invade the Papa...
36. Chapter 36The War of Liberation--Blücher crosses the Elbe--Battle of Lützen--The Allies retreat to Silesia--Battle of Bautzen--Armistice--Napoleon intends to intimidate Austria--Mistaken...
32. Chapter 32Death of Pitt--Ministry of Fox and Grenville--Napoleon forces Prussia into War with England, and then offers Hanover to England--Prussia resolves on War with Napoleon--State of...
34. Chapter 34Austria preparing for war--The war to be one on behalf of the German Nation--Patriotic Movement in Prussia--Expected Insurrection in North Germany--Plans of Campaign--Austrian M...
30. Chapter 30Overtures of Bonaparte to Austria and England--The War continues--Massena besieged in Genoa--Moreau invades Southern Germany--Bonaparte crosses the St. Bernard, and descends in...
43. Chapter 43Europe during the Thirty-years' Peace--Italy and Austria--Mazzini--The House of Savoy--Gioberti--Election of Pius IX.--Reforms expected-- Revolution at Palermo--Agitation in Nor...
44. Chapter 44Europe in 1789 and in 1848--Agitation in Western Germany before and after the Revolution at Paris--Austria and Hungary--The March Revolution at Vienna--Flight of Metternich--The...
42. Chapter 42France and England after 1830--Affairs of Portugal--Don Miguel--Don Pedro invades Portugal--Ferdinand of Spain--The Pragmatic Sanction--Death of Ferdinand: Regency of Christina-...
28. Chapter 28Triple attack on Austria--Moreau, Jourdan--Bonaparte in Italy--Condition of the Italian States--Professions and real intentions of Bonaparte and the Directory--Battle of Monteno...
31. Chapter 31England claims Malta--War renewed--Bonaparte occupies Hanover, and blockades the Elbe--Remonstrances of Prussia--Cadoudal's Plot--Murder of the Duke of Enghien--Napoleon Emperor...
26. Chapter 26Outbreak of the Revolutionary War in 1792--Its immediate causes-- Declaration of Pillnitz made and withdrawn--Agitation of the Priests and Emigrants--War Policy of the Gironde--...
33. Chapter 33Spain in 1806--Napoleon uses the quarrel between Ferdinand and Godoy--He affects to be Ferdinand's protector--Dupont's army enters Spain--Murat in Spain--Charles abdicates--Ferd...
35. Chapter 35War approaching between France and Russia--Policy of Prussia--Hardenberg's Ministry--Prussia forced into Alliance with Napoleon--Austrian Alliance-- Napoleon's Preparations--He...
20. Chapter 20Austria and Italy--Vienna from March to May--Flight of the Emperor --Bohemian National Movement--Windischgrätz subdues Prague--Campaign around Verona--Papal Allocution--Naples i...
11. Chapter 11The War of Liberation--Blücher crosses the Elbe--Battle of Lützen--The Allies retreat to Silesia--Battle of Bautzen--Armistice--Napoleon intends to intimidate Austria--Mistaken...
9. Chapter 9Austria preparing for war--The war to be one on behalf of the German Nation--Patriotic movement in Prussia--Expected Insurrection in North Germany--Plans of Campaign--Austrian M...
15. Chapter 15Condition of Greece: its Races and Institutions--The Greek Church --Communal System--The Ægæan Islands--The Phanariots--Greek intellectual revival: Koraes--Beginning of Greek Na...
13. Chapter 13Concert of Europe after 1815--Spirit of the Foreign Policy of Alexander, of Metternich, and of the English Ministry--Metternich's action in Italy, England's in Sicily and Spain-...
2. Chapter 2French and Austrian Armies on the Flemish Frontier--Prussia enters the War--Brunswick invades France--His Proclamation--Insurrection of Aug. 10 at Paris--Massacres of September-...
22. Chapter 22Piedmont after 1849--Ministry of Azeglio--Cavour Prime Minister--Designs of Cavour--His Crimean Policy--Cavour at the Conference of Paris--Cavour and Napoleon III.--The Meeting...
14. Chapter 14Movements in the Mediterranean States beginning in 1820--Spain from 1814 to 1820--The South American Colonies--The Army at Cadiz: Action of Quiroga and Riego--Movement at Corunn...
5. Chapter 5Overtures of Bonaparte to Austria and England--The War continues--Massena besieged in Genoa--Moreau invades Southern Germany--Bonaparte crosses the St. Bernard, and descends in...
21. Chapter 21England and France in 1851--Russia under Nicholas--The Hungarian Refugees--Dispute between France and Russia on the Holy Places--Nicholas and the British Ambassador--Lord Stratf...
12. Chapter 12The Restoration of 1814--Norway--Naples--Westphalia--Spain--The Spanish Constitution overthrown: victory of the clergy--Restoration in France--The Charta--Encroachments of the n...
7. Chapter 7Death of Pitt--Ministry of Fox and Grenville--Napoleon forces Prussia into war with England, and then offers Hanover to England--Prussia resolves on war with Napoleon--State of...
19. Chapter 19Europe in 1789 and in 1848--Agitation in Western Germany before and after the Revolution at Paris--Austria and Hungary--The March Revolution at Vienna--Flight of Metternich--The...
24. Chapter 24Napoleon III.--The Mexican Expedition--Withdrawal of the French and death of Maximilian--The Luxemburg Question--Exasperation in France against Prussia--Austria--Italy--Mentana-...
17. Chapter 17France and England after 1830--Affairs of Portugal--Don Miguel--Don Pedro invades Portugal--Ferdinand of Spain--The Pragmatic Sanction--Death of Ferdinand: Regency of Christina-...
16. Chapter 16France before 1830--Reign of Charles X.--Ministry of Martignac--Ministry of Polignac--The Duke of Orleans--War in Algiers--The July Ordinances-- Revolution of July--Louis Philip...
6. Chapter 6England claims Malta--War renewed--Bonaparte occupies Hanover, and blockades the Elbe--Remonstrances of Prussia--Cadoudal's Plot--Murder of the Duke of Enghien--Napoleon Emperor...
18. Chapter 18Europe during the Thirty-years' Peace--Italy and Austria--Mazzini--The House of Savoy--Gioberti--Election of Pius IX.--Reforms expected-- Revolution at Palermo--Agitation in Nor...
3. Chapter 3Triple attack on Austria--Moreau, Jourdan--Bonaparte in Italy--Condition of the Italian States--Professions and real intentions of Bonaparte and the Directory--Battle of Monteno...
10. Chapter 10War approaching between France and Russia--Policy of Prussia--Hardenberg's Ministry--Prussia forced into Alliance with Napoleon--Austrian Alliance-- Napoleon's Preparations--He...
25. Chapter 25France after 1871--Alliance of the Three Emperors--Revolt of Herzegovina-- The Andrássy Note--Murder of the Consuls at Salonika--The Berlin Memorandum--Rejected by England--Abdu...
4. Chapter 4Congress of Rastadt--The Rhenish Provinces ceded--Ecclesiastical States of Germany suppressed--French Intervention in Switzerland--Helvetic Republic--The French invade the Papal...
23. Chapter 23Germany after 1858--The Regency in Prussia--Army-reorganisation--King William I.--Conflict between the Crown and the Parliament--Bismarck--The struggle continued--Austria from 1...
8. Chapter 8Spain in 1806--Napoleon uses the quarrel between Ferdinand and Godoy--He affects to be Ferdinand's Protector--Dupont's Army enters Spain--Murat in Spain--Charles abdicates--Ferd...
1. Chapter 1Outbreak of the Revolutionary War in 1792--Its immediate causes-- Declaration of Pillnitz made and withdrawn--Agitation of the Priests and Emigrants--War Policy of the Gironde--...