Chapter 15

GREECE AND EASTERN AFFAIRS.

Condition of Greece: its Races and Institutions--The Greek Church --Communal System--The Ægæan Islands--The Phanariots--Greek intellectual revival: Koraes--Beginning of Greek National Movement; Contact of Greece with the French Revolution and Napoleon--The Hetæria Philike--Hypsilanti's Attempt in the Danubian Provinces: its failure--Revolt of the Morea: Massacres: Execution of Gregorius, and Terrorism at Constantinople --Attitude of Russia, Austria, and England--Extension of the Revolt: Affairs at Hydra--The Greek Leaders--Fall of Tripolitza--The Massacre of Chios--Failure of the Turks in the Campaign of 1822--Dissensions of the Greeks--Mahmud calls upon Mehemet Ali for Aid--Ibrahim conquers Crete and invades the Morea--Siege of Missolonghi--Philhellenism in Europe--Russian proposal for Intervention--Conspiracies in Russia: Death of Alexander: Accession of Nicholas--Military Insurrection at St. Petersburg-- Anglo-Russian Protocol--Treaty between England, Russia, and France--Death of Canning--Navarino--War between Russia and Turkey--Campaigns of 1828 and 1829--Treaty of Adrianople--Capodistrias President of Greece--Leopold accepts and then declines the Greek Crown--Murder of Capodistrias--Otho, King of Greece