Chapter 20

THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT, DOWN TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SECOND FRENCH EMPIRE.

Austria and Italy--Vienna from March to May--Flight of the Emperor --Bohemian National Movement--Windischgrätz subdues Prague--Campaign around Verona--Papal Allocution--Naples in May--Negotiations as to Lombardy-- Reconquest of Venetia--Battle of Custozza--The Austrians enter Milan--Austrian Court and Hungary--The Serbs in Southern Hungary--Serb Congress at Carlowitz--Jellacic--Affairs of Croatia--Jellacic, the Court and the Hungarian Movement--Murder of Lamberg--Manifesto of October 3-- Vienna on October 6--The Emperor at Olmütz--Windischgrätz conquers Vienna--The Parliament at Kremsier--Schwarzenberg Minister--Ferdinand abdicates--Dissolution of the Kremsier Parliament--Unitary Edict--Hungary --The Roumanians in Transylvania--The Austrian Army occupies Pesth-- Hungarian Government at Debreczin--The Austrians driven out of Hungary--Declaration of Hungarian Independence--Russian Intervention--The Hungarian Summer Campaign--Capitulation of Vilagos--Italy--Murder of Rossi--Tuscany--The March Campaign in Lombardy--Novara--Abdication of Charles Albert--Victor Emmanuel--Restoration in Tuscany--French Intervention in Rome--Defeat of Oudinot--Oudinot and Lesseps--The French enter Rome--The Restored Pontifical Government--Fall of Venice--Ferdinand reconquers Sicily--Germany--The National Assembly at Frankfort--The Armistice of Malmö--Berlin from April to September--The Prussian Army--Last Days of the Prussian Parliament--Prussian Constitution granted by Edict--The German National Assembly and Austria--Frederick William IV. elected Emperor--He refuses the Crown--End of the National Assembly-- Prussia attempts to form a separate Union--The Union Parliament at Erfurt--Action of Austria--Hesse-Cassel--The Diet of Frankfort restored--Olmütz--Schleswig-Holstein--Germany after 1849--Austria after 1851--France after 1848--Louis Napoleon--The October Message--Law Limiting the Franchise--Louis Napoleon and the Army--Proposed Revision of the Constitution--The Coup d'Etat--Napoleon III. Emperor