The New Gresham Encyclopedia. Ebert to Estremadura Volume 4, Part 2

In the pronunciation guides [=e] signifies "e macron"; [)e] "e breve"; [a:] "a with diaeresis below"; [.a] "a with dot above"; [n.] "n with dot below"; [:a] "a with diaeresis";...

ECKM[:U]HL (ek'm[:u]l), a village of Bavaria, circle of Lower Bavaria, on the Gross Laber, 13 miles S.S.E. of Ratisbon, the scene of a sanguinary battle between the French and A...

ECUADOR (ek-w[.a]-d[=o]r') (_Republica Del Ecuador_), a republic of South America, situated under the equator, whence it takes its name, between Peru and Colombia. It is of tria...

EDINBURGH, COUNTY OF, or MIDLOTHIAN, is bounded north by the Firth of Forth, along which it extends 11 or 12 miles; and by the counties of Linlithgow, Haddington, Berwick, Lanar...

It was during the period of scholasticism that universities, in imitation of the trade guilds of the time, sprung up in different parts of Europe, particularly in Spain, Italy,...

EDWARD, Prince of Wales, surnamed _the Black Prince_, born 15th June, 1330, the eldest son of Edward III and Philippa of Hainault. In 1346 he commanded part of the forces at the...

EGG, (1) in the narrower sense, the female reproductive or germ-cell, which after impregnation or fertilization by a male germ-cell (spermatozoon or sperm) develops into an embr...

_History._--In the hot, dry sands of Upper Egypt, which preserve the dead from decay, have been found the bodies of large numbers of pre-dynastic Egyptians. They were of the typ...

EINSTEIN, Albert (1879- ), physicist, was born at Ulm, W[:u]rtemberg, Germany, of German-Jewish parents. He was educated at the Gymnasium in Munich, and, on leaving school in hi...

ELATE'RIUM, a substance obtained from the fruit of the squirting or wild cucumber (_Ecballium agreste_). The juice of the unripe fruit, when expressed and allowed to stand, depo...

Coulomb proved that the magnitude of the mutual mechanical force exerted between two charged bodies depends on the amounts of the charges and the distance between them. Faraday...

The positive crater has an extremely high intrinsic brilliancy, and nearly the whole of the light is emitted from its surface, the negative tip and the arc itself contributing v...

Electromagnets are also used for extracting fragments of iron or steel from the eye, and for many laboratory purposes. The most important practical use is the production of the...

This pioneer method of Townsend's has been improved and modified in various ways by C. T. R. Wilson, Sir J. J. Thomson, H. A. Wilson, and notably by Millikan, of Chicago. Millik...

ELEPHANT'S-FOOT, the popular name of _Testudinaria elephantipes_, a plant of the nat. ord. Dioscoreaceae (yams, &c.), distinguished by the shape of its rootstock, which forms a...

ELIZ'ABETHAN ARCHITECTURE, a style of architecture which prevailed in England during the reigns of Elizabeth and James I. It succeeded to the Tudor style, properly so called, wi...

ELO'HIM (plural of _Eloah_), one of the Hebrew names for God, of frequent occurrence in the Bible. Elohim is used in speaking both of the true God and of false gods, while Jehov...

EM'ERSON, Ralph Waldo, an American poet and prose writer, born at Boston, 25th May, 1803, died 27th April, 1882. He graduated at Harvard in 1821, for five years taught in a scho...

EMPLOYMENT BUREAUS were first established on a considerable scale in the United Kingdom by the Labour Exchanges Act, 1909. They were to some extent based upon the German public...

ENERGY, PHYSICAL, is the capacity which a body or system of bodies has for doing work. Work is done when a force is overcome, and it is measured by the product of the force and...

+--------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | A | B | C | +--------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | ENGLAND. | | | |...

During the first years of the reign of Henry III the abilities of the Earl of Pembroke, who was regent until 1219, retained the kingdom in tranquillity; but when, in 1227, Henry...

A steady decay of vital power set in, however, and when Henry VIII resolved to recast the English Church there was no effective protest. In 1531 the convocation of the clergy ad...

It was now that several events of European importance combined to stimulate life and enlarge the mental horizon--the invention of printing, or rather of movable types, the promu...

In _etching_, the plate, which is highly polished and must be free from all scratches, is first prepared by spreading over it a thin layer of _ground_. The surface is then smoke...

Attacks vary much in intensity, but during the first three weeks so-called mild cases may suddenly develop more severe symptoms. Convalescence is slow and protracted, as in seve...

ENVER PASHA, Turkish soldier and politician, born at Constantinople in 1879. He entered the Turkish army in 1896, and in 1905 took part in the Young Turk movement at Salonica. H...

EPIDEM'IC, or EPIDEMIC DISEASE (Gr. _epi_, upon, and _d[=e]mos_, people), signifies a disease which attacks a people, suddenly spreading from one to the other in all directions,...

EQUATION OF THE CENTRE, the difference between the actual heliocentric longitude of a planet revolving in an elliptic orbit and that which it would have at the same instant if i...

ERITRE'A, or ERYTHRAE'A (from Gr. _erythros_, red, referring to the Red Sea), the official name of an Italian colonial possession stretching along the African shore of the Red S...

ESCU'RIAL (Sp. _el Escorial_), a remarkable building in Spain, comprising at once a palace, a convent, a church, and a mausoleum. It is distant from Madrid about 24 miles in a n...

ESSEN, a town of Rhenish Prussia, situated between the Ruhr and the Emscher, 18 miles north-east of D[:u]sseldorf, founded in the ninth century, and adorned with a fine church d...