Chapter 8

January is the first month of the year, April is the fourth, November is the eleventh, and December is the twelfth. The twentieth day of February is the fifty-first day of the year. The seventh day of the week God chose to be (that it should be) more holy than the six first days. What did God create on the sixth day? What (which) date is it (have we) to-day? To-day is the twenty-seventh (day) of March. Christmas Day is the 25th of December, New Year's Day is the 1st of January, One does not easily forget one's first love.

9.

I have a hundred apples. I have a hundred (of) apples. This town has a million of inhabitants. I bought a dozen (of) spoons, and two dozen (of) forks. One thousand years (or, a thousand of years) make a millennium.

Firstly, I return to you the money which you lent to me; secondly, I thank you for the loan; thirdly, I beg you also afterwards (on a future occasion) to lend to me when I (shall) require money.

9a.

Three is half of six, eight is four-fifths of ten. Four metres of this stuff cost nine francs, therefore two metres cost four and a-half francs. One day is a three hundred and sixty-fifth or a three hundred and sixty-sixth of a year.

Five times seven are thirty-five. For each day I receive five francs, but for to-day I have received double pay, that is, ten francs.

These two friends walk out always (two) together. Five together they threw themselves upon me, but I overcame all five assailants.

10.

Give (to) the birds water, for they want to drink. Alexander will not learn, and therefore I beat Alexander. Who has courage (dares) to ride on a lion? I was going to beat him, but he ran away from me.

Do not give your hand to a lion. Relate (tell) to my young friend a beautiful story. Tell father that I am diligent. Tell me your name. Do not write to me such long letters. Show me your new coat. Child, do not touch the looking-glass. Dear children, always be honest. Do not listen to him.

He says that I am attentive. He begs me to be attentive. Tell him not to chatter. Ask him to send me a candle. The cottage is worth your buying (worthy that you should buy it). She strongly desired that he (should) remain alive.

Let him come, and I will forgive him. Let us be gay, let us use life well, for life is not long. Let him not come alone, but come with his best friend. I already have my hat; now look for yours.

11.

If the pupil knew his lesson well, the teacher would not punish him. If you knew who he is, you would esteem him more. They raised one hand upwards as if they were holding something. If I really were beautiful, others would try to imitate me. Oh! if I were (had) already the age of fifteen years!

12.

To remain with a lion is dangerous. The knife cuts well, for it is sharp. Go more quickly. He shut the door angrily. His speech flows softly and pleasantly. We made the contract not in writing, but by word of mouth. An honest man acts honestly. The pastor who died a short time ago lived long in our city. Did you not get it back? He is sick unto death. The iron rod which was in the stove (fire) is burning; hot. Paris is very gay. Early in the morning she drove to the station.

Forgive me that I stayed so long. His anger lasted long. He is to-day in an angry temper. The king soon sent again another good-hearted official. This evening we shall have a ball. Where are you? Away from here! (Get away!).

Where did he drive away to? She ran home. We went forward like furies. Everything was right (good), and we went on further. The lady glanced back. The sailors demanded to go back (required that one should go back). I hung it here, for it saved my life. I never sent here.

13.

My brother is not big, but he is not little, he is of medium growth. A hair is very thin. The night is so dark that we can see nothing even before our nose. This stale bread is hard as stone. Naughty children love to torment animals. He felt (himself) so miserable that he cursed the day on which he was born. We greatly despise this base man. The window was long unclosed; I closed it, but my brother immediately opened it again. A straight road is shorter than a curved. Do not be ungrateful.

The wife of my father is my mother, and the grandmother of my children. My sister is a very beautiful girl. My aunt is a very good woman. I saw your grandmother with her four granddaughters, and with my niece. I have an ox and a cow. The young widow became again a fiancee.

14.

He gave me money, but I immediately returned it to him. I am going away, but wait for me, for I shall soon return. The sun is reflected in the clear water of the river. He returned to his country. She threw herself again upon the seat.

In the course of a few minutes I heard two shots. The firing continued for a very long time. His speech of yesterday was very fine, but too much speaking tires him. He is singing a very beautiful song. Singing is an agreeable occupation. With my hand I kept on briskly rubbing him. The rain kept on falling in rivers. Every minute she kept looking out through the window and cursing the slow motion of the train.

I leap very cleverly. I started with surprise. I used to jump all day long from place to place. When you began to speak I expected to hear something new. The diamond has a beautiful sparkle. She let the diamond flash. Two flashes of lightning passed across the dark sky.

15.

I am (being) loved. I was (being) loved. I shall be (being) loved. I should be (being) loved, Be (being) loved. To be (being) loved. You have been washed. You had been washed. You will have been washed. You would have been washed. Be (having been) washed. To have been washed. He is to be invited. He was (going) to be invited. He will be (about to be) invited. He would be (about to be) invited. Be about to be invited. To be about to be invited. This commodity is always willingly bought by me. The overcoat was (has been) bought by me; consequently it belongs to me. When your house was being built, my house had already been built a long time. I give notice that from now my son's debts will not be paid by me. Be easy; my whole debt will soon have been paid to you. My gold ring would not be so long (being) sought for if it had not been so cleverly hidden by you. According to the plan of the engineers this railway is going to be constructed in the space of two years; but I think that it will be being constructed (in construction) more than three years. When the prayer was (had been) finished he rose.

Augustus is my best loved son. Money in hand is more important than (money) had. A sparrow (which has been) caught is better than an eagle (which is) going to be caught.

16.

Flowing water is purer than water standing still. The fallen man cannot raise himself. (The) time past will never more return; (the) time to come no one yet knows. Come, we await you, Saviour of the world. In the language Esperanto we see the future language of the whole world. The number of the dancers was great. It is the legend which true believers always repeat. He led the traveller to the place where the thieves were resting. (To) a man who has sinned unintentionally God easily pardons. The soldiers led the prisoners (arrested) through the streets. A man whom one has to judge is one to be judged (prisoner at the bar).

16a.

Now he teils me the truth. Yesterday he told me the truth. He always told me the truth. When you saw us in the drawing-room he had already (previously) told me the truth. He will tell me the truth. When you (shall) come to me, he will previously tell me the truth (or, he will have told me the truth; or, before you (will) come to me, he will tell me the truth). If I were to ask him, he would tell me the truth. I should not have made the mistake if he had previously told me the truth. When I (shall) come, tell me the truth. When my father (shall) come, tell me beforehand the truth. I wish to tell you the truth. I wish that that which I said should be true (or, I wish to have told the truth).

17.

Walking in the street, I fell. Having found an apple, I ate it. He came to me quite unexpected. He went meditating (deeply) and very slowly. We were ashamed, having received instruction from the boy. The imperial servant went out, taking with him the bracelet. Profoundly saluting, he related that the thief had been caught. Without saying a word, the duchess opened her jewel-case. Having worked a year, and having saved a few dollars, I married (with) my Mary. Having crossed the river, he found the thief. Looking (having looked) by chance on the floor, she saw some book, forgotten probably by a departed traveller.

18.

The bootmaker makes boots and shoes. Nobody lets thieves into his house. The brave sailor was drowned in the sea. An author writes books, and a writer simply copies papers. We have various servants - a cook, a housemaid, a nurse, and a coachman. (He) who occupies himself with mechanics is a mechanic, and (he) who occupies himself with chemistry is a chemist. A diplomatist we can also call a diplomat, but a physicist we cannot call a "physic," for "physics" is the name of the science itself. One day there came two cheats, who said that they were (are) weavers.

19.

They so hindered me that I spoiled the whole of my work. Send away your brother, for he hinders us. Fetch the doctor, for I am ill. He procured for himself many books from Berlin.

He grew pale with fear, and afterwards he blushed from shame. In the spring the ice and the snow melt. In the muddy weather my coat became very dirty; therefore I took a brush and cleaned the coat. My uncle did not die (by) a natural death, but nevertheless he did not kill himself, and also was killed by nobody; one day, walking near the railway lines, he fell under the wheels of a moving train, and was killed. I did not hang my cap on this little tree; but the wind blew away the cap from my head, and it, flying, became hung (got caught) on the branches of the little tree. Seat yourself (or, sit down), sir.

His gloomy face made his friend laugh. The whole night they passed awake, and lighted more than sixteen candles. I divested the child of his night clothes, and stood him in the tub; afterwards I dried him. He made friends with evil companions. A poor Hebrew wished to become a Christian. The bottle fell and broke. She became his wife. Little by little she became quite calm.

20.

The sea is deeper there than any anchor can reach. In some (any) way. Without any reproach of conscience. I know in what sort of place I shall certainly find him. What kind of weather is it? What harm have I done to you? In that way he did everything. He invited him to come into such and such a place. Not every sort of bird sings. Beyond all doubt. No (kind of) man deserves such a punishment. Such books are harmful. At times he visits us.

For some reason he could not sleep. Why do you not answer me? I did not understand your question, therefore I did not answer. People do not understand one another, and therefore they hold themselves aloof. For every reason that is the best.

I once loved you. What lives must of necessity some time die. When shall you go away? In the moonlight night, when all were asleep, then she sat on the edge or the ship. Be for ever blessed! She had never seen a dog before.

20a.

Where are the boys? Where did you go? I am staying here. He lost his purse somewhere in the town, but where he lost it he does not know. I willingly came from there here. He begged her to tell him whence she came (whence she comes). For youth there are snares everywhere. Everywhere are flowers, and nowhere can one find more beautiful (ones).

How beautiful! Am I fit for a king? So finished the happy day. They shone like diamonds. How are you? Somehow he misunderstood me. My wife thought the same as I. I cannot understand at all what you say. Very strange and quite incomprehensible! I, as president, elected him. I chose him as president.

Whose glove is this? I never take that one's opinion. Suddenly she heard somebody's loud disagreeable voice. Everybody's idea is different. A good friend, without whose help he would never have seen this land. Somebody's loss is not always somebody's gain. Someone's loss is often no one's gain.

20b.

I feel that something is happening. Never did I give you anything. I wish to do something good for (to) you. What is this? What kind of ornament is this? What do I see? This is all I spoke of. I will give up nothing to you. Do nothing against your mother. Before all, be faithful to yourself. She began to feel something such as (which) she herself in the beginning could (can) not understand.

She spoke a little angrily. The pupils of the eyes little by little contracted. Who is so unreasonable (senseless) that he can believe it? How much money have you? I have none. Give me as much water as wine.

Somebody comes; who is it? Would anybody have the courage to do that? Everybody tried to save himself as he could. A language in which nobody will understand us. None of them could save the drowning person. He helped nobody ever (never helped anybody) even with one centime. We shall go all together. I know nobody in that town. This is beyond all human strength.

20c.

Where I am travelling from, whither and why, I can only answer: I know not. They begged him to delay a little (with) his departure. These nests are often larger than the huts of the people of that place. He departed with the firm resolve to leave for ever this ungrateful land. If anyone were to see that, he would curse Fortune. I would give a hundred pounds sterling if ox tongue could have for me such a good taste as for you. What time is it? Nearly (soon) twelve o'clock.

21.

On a hot day I like to walk in a wood. They opened the gate noisily, and the carriage drove into the courtyard. This is no longer simple rain, but a downpour. A huge dog put its forepaw on me, and from terror I did not know what to do. Before our army stood a great series of cannon. (In) that night a terrible gale blew. With delight. He longed to go away again.

Immediately after heating the stove was hot, in an hour it was only warm, in two hours it was only just warm, and after three hours it was already quite cold. I bought for the children a little table and some little seats. In our country there are no mountains, but only hills. In summer we find coolness in thick woods. He sits near the table and dozes. A narrow path leads through this field to our house. On his face I saw a joyful smile. Before the woman appeared a pretty little dog. Pardon, he whispered.

22.

With (by means of) an axe we chop, with a saw we saw, with a spade we dig, with a needle we sew, with scissors we clip. The knife was so blunt that I could not cut the meat with it, and I had to use my pocket knife. Have you a corkscrew to uncork the bottle? I wished to lock the door, but I had lost the key. She combs her hair with a silver comb. In summer we travel by various vehicles, and in winter by a sledge. To-day it is beautiful frosty weather; therefore I shall take my skates and go skating. The steersman of the "Pinta" injured the rudder. The magnetic needle. The first indicator in most illnesses is the tongue. He put it on the plate of a pair of scales.

23.

The sailors must obey the captain. All the inhabitants of a state are citizens (subjects) of the state. Townsfolk are usually sharper than villagers. The Parisians are gay folk. Our town has good policemen, but not a sufficiently energetic chief constable. Lutherans and Calvinists are Christians. Germans and Frenchmen who live in Russia are Russian subjects, although they are not Russians. He is an awkward and simple provincial. The inhabitants of one state are fellow-countrymen, the inhabitants of one town are fellow-citizens, the professors of one religion are co-religionists. Those who have the same ideas are fellow-thinkers.

The ruler of our country is a good and wise king. The governor of our province is strict but just. Our regimental chief (colonel) is like a good father to (for) his soldiers. They are as (equally) proud as a housewife of her house. On the engine the engine-driver sat alone. The emperor, accompanied by the empress, had just entered (into) his box.

24.

Our country will conquer, for our army is large and brave. On a steep ladder he raised himself to the roof of the house. I do not know the Spanish language, but by help of a Spanish-German dictionary, I nevertheless understood your letter a little. On these vast and grassy fields feed great herds of beasts, especially flocks of fine-woolled sheep. The train consisted almost entirely (only) of passenger coaches. They put before me a cover (table requisites), which consisted of a plate, spoon, knife, fork, a small glass for brandy, a glass for wine, and a serviette. On the sea was a great ship, and among the rigging everywhere sat sailors. His escort stood at the back of the box. Dark ranges of mountains bar the way.

A florin, a shilling, and a penny are coins. A grain of sand fell into my eye. One spark is enough to explode gunpowder.

25.

A poor wise man dined with a miserly rich man. A fool everyone beats. He is a liar and a despicable man. A coward fears even his own shadow. This old man has become quite silly and childish. A learned man undertook an important scientific work. Only saints have the right to enter here. He only is the great, the powerful (One). It is not the legend about the beauty Zobeida. After an infectious disease the clothes of the patient are often burned. The curse of the prophet is over the head of an ungrateful one. After some minutes the brave man went out. All the saints, help!

(Lesson 26 no Exercise).

27.

She returned to her father's palace. They both went to the mayor. Did I not do good to you? She told him nothing. She wrote him a letter. He every day teaches people something which they do not know. They flew towards the sun. One sister promised the other to tell her what she saw, and what most pleased her the first day. Perhaps he will forgive you. She did not believe her own ears. He did not know that he had (has) to thank her [for] his life. She saved his life. The witch cut off the tongue of the mermaid.

28.

I lived with her father. It fell to (on) the bottom of the sea on the breaking up of the ship. By [the] light of torches. Arm in arm. There seized him some fear at the thought. Nothing helps; one must only bravely remain of his [own] opinion. She laughed at his recital. At every word which you (will) speak, out of your mouth will come either a flower or a precious stone.

He stopped near the door. The serpent crawled about her feet. When he was with me, he stood a whole hour by the window. I lived in a tree near your house. She planted near the statue a rose-red willow. The wayside trees.

29.

The bird flies in the room (= it is in the room and flies [about] in it). The bird flies into the room (= it is outside the room, and now flies into it). I am travelling in Spain. I am travelling to (into) Spain. What to do then (is to be done) in such a case? I am in a good temper. He whispered to the queen in the ear. In consequence of this occurrence. I should prefer to stay here in peace. Her birthday was exactly in the middle of winter. He glanced into the child's eyes. He was a tall handsome man of the age of forty years. In the whole of my life. At the end of the year. Hand in hand. Entering (having entered) the carriage, she sat as if on pins. Corn is ground into flour. Alexander turned into dust. He divided the apple into two parts.

30.

Between Russia and France is Germany. They divided among them twelve apples. Between ten and eleven o'clock in the morning. Between the pillars stood marble figures. Near the wall between the windows stood a sofa. They talked long among themselves. In this disease an hour may decide between life and death. In the interval between the speeches they set off fireworks.

I am standing outside the house, and he is inside. He is outside the door. Now we are out of danger. He lives outside the town. Standing outside, he could only see the outer side of our house. He pointed outside into the darkness. I left him outside. This man is better outwardly than within.

He went out of the town. He has just returned from foreign parts. With extraordinary vivacity she jumped out of the carriage (of the train). She put a crown of white lilies on her (another's) head (hair). He made use of the opportunity. These nests are made wholly of earth. She was the bravest of all. Now you have grown up! He went out of the bedroom, and entered into the dining-room. The Esperanto alphabet consists of twenty-eight letters.

31.

I am sitting on a seat and have my feet on a little bench. He came back with a cat on his arm. I put my hand on the table. He fell on his knees. Do not go on the bridge. He threw himself in despair on a seat. He slapped him on the shoulder and pressed him down on to the sofa. I seated myself in the place of the absent stoker. Fruit-culture must influence for good those who are occupied with it.

Over the earth is air. His thoughts rose high above the clouds. She received permission to rise above the surface of the sea. They could rise on the high mountains high above the clouds. He stands above on the mountain, and looks down on to the field. She sat on the water and swung up and down.

From under the sofa the mouse ran under the bed, and now it runs [about] under the bed. She often had to dive under the water. To (under) the sound of music they danced on the deck. Under her gaze blossomed the white lilies. She sank under the water. She swam up at sunset.

32.

He is so stout that he cannot go through our narrow door. She looked up through the dark-blue water. Through the roseate air shone the evening star. The sound of the bells penetrates down to her. They glide among the branches. On the fireplace between two pots stands an iron kettle; out of the kettle, in which is boiling water, goes steam; through the window, which is near the door, the vapour goes into the court.

The swallow flew across the river, for across (on the other side of) the river were other swallows. They can fly on ships across the sea. "Why did Hannibal go across the Alps? Because then the tunnel was not yet ready." It is impossible that they should have gone across the ocean. Everything was turned upside down.

We passed by the station. At this moment the abbot passes by. In passing, I asked him if it were (is) yet twelve o'clock. The mill cannot grind with the water that is past.

33.

Before them stood a church. Before such men it is worth while to speak. Often in the night she stood before the window. I am guilty towards (before) you. An hour ago. A short time ago he woke up very hoarse. Not long ago the house was sold publicly. Do not go before you know that everything is in order. I must let them sweep out the room before we (shall) begin to dance. I was there the previous year. Formerly I never thought about wealth. It was with (to) her as the witch prophesied.

He remained behind the door. Little by little. She began eagerly to read page after page. She looked after him with a smile. After some minutes the sun rose. She threw her arms backwards and forwards. We shall stay some weeks in Paris; afterwards we shall travel into Germany.

34.

During the whole day (or, the whole day) he remained alone. During (for) some months she did not leave her room. He slept during the whole concert (or, the whole concert). While the preparations lasted, he was a guest of the king. While he is journeying on the road to Granada, in Santa Fe his fate is being decided.