Category: Gender & Sexuality Studies
Text originally marked up as bold is surrounded by =, text in italics by _. All footnotes can be found after the Appendix, before the Index. Obvious printer's errors have been remedied, a list of all other changes can be found at the end of the document. Note: There are many o...
=378. Card Makers.= For about eleven hundred years women have been more or less employed in the manufacture of cards. At N.'s, New York, I saw two girls who each earn $6 a week,...
46. Part 46=346. Shoes.= The business of making and selling shoes opens a wide field of employment to women. The fashion, a few years back, of ladies making their own shoes, raged like a f...
59. Part 59=452. Ladies' Maids.= Some of the most wealthy or self-indulgent ladies have a female attendant to dress and wait on them, but it is not so common in the United States as in old...
24. Part 24=137. Candy Manufacturers.= "There are three hundred confectionery manufacturers and retail dealers in New York city. Twelve establishments are devoted exclusively to the manufa...
39. Part 39=298. Gutta Percha Manufacture.= A manufacturer of gutta-percha goods told me that the firm to which he belongs employ twenty-five girls. One of their girls earns $1 a day, maki...
53. Part 53=393. Printers.= "In 1476, Fra Domenico da Pistoya and Fra Pietro da Pisa, the spiritual directors of a Dominican convent, established a printing press within its walls; the nun...
25. Part 25=144. Maple Sugar.= The cheapness of sugar made from sugar cane has almost annihilated the existence of maple sugar, except as a sweetmeat. The peculiar flavor of maple molasses...
63. Part 63=Pianos.= In England, the men engaged in making piano actions used to do much of the work at home, and their wives and daughters would assist them. In the United States, each br...
18. Part 18=99. Bookkeepers.= The employment of female accountants is gradually extending in our cities. In female institutions of learning, and in benevolent institutions, lady bookkeeper...
45. Part 45=339. Costumes.= P. pays his girls (five in number), each, $3 a week. They work from eight to five o'clock. He has no difficulty in getting hands. Anybody that can sew can make...
21. Part 21=115. Saleswomen.= Women are quite as capable by nature to sell dry goods as men, but are not trained so thoroughly, nor from so early an age. Suavity of manner and perfect cont...
36. Part 36=259. Pipes.= Meerschaum means "foam of the sea." The pipes are made from earth found in the island of Samos. They are light, porous, and not easily broken. Some pipes are sold...
22. Part 22=117. Toy Merchants.= This is a business better suited to the natural nurses of children than to men. A handsome profit is derived from the sale of toys. The busy seasons with t...
49. Part 49=363. Shirts.= "Women who make shirts by hand, are paid for fine shirts from eighteen cents apiece to $1. Those who make at the lowest prices appear to have no other mission on...
30. Part 30=187. Flannels.= Flannels differ much in color and quality. Employers are unanimous in pronouncing the work healthy. If the sum paid foreign countries for flannels and blankets...
50. Part 50=370. Curled Hair Pullers.= Hair pullers are mostly Irish women, the wives of foreigners and laboring men. A few are women of a better class reduced in circumstances. In Philade...
32. Part 32=209. Wire Workers.= I was told at a wire manufactory, New York, that women are never employed to draw wire. If it be true that wire drawers are a very rough, coarse set of men,...
38. Part 38=287. Brush Manufacturers.= Women have from the earliest period been employed in making brushes. In France, women are employed in preparing bristles for brushes, bleaching, wash...
26. Part 26=154. Restaurant Keepers.= In London and Paris, young and pretty women are employed in the best class of tobacco stores and in restaurants. This should not be so on account of t...
44. Part 44=334. Bonnets.= The making of silk, crape, velvet, and other fancy bonnets gives employment to many females. Connected with this is the bleaching of straw, Leghorn, and hair bon...
16. Part 16=84. Photographists and Colorists.= Mr. F. says they would employ good lady artists, if they could get them; but ladies do not succeed so well, because they do not have such an...
27. Part 27=164. Canton Flannels.= A manufacturer of Canton flannels in Holden, Mass., writes: "We employ from twenty to twenty-five women in spinning, spooling, drawing, and speeder tendi...
41. Part 41=321. Artificial Flowers.= As in everything else, the price for making artificial flowers is very much regulated by the quality and taste displayed. Many flowers made in the Uni...
28. Part 28=170. Hosiers.= The invention of machinery for making hose is ascribed to William Lee, of England, 1589. Some trace the invention of knit stockings to Spain. The number of hands...
58. Part 58=444. Street Musicians.= Organ grinders and street harpers have ever found a fair representation in the softer sex. Such representation is, however, among our foreign population...
60. Part 60=468. Carriage Trimmers.= I was told by G., a carriage maker, that women usually make the cushions and trimmings for carriages. At a railroad-car and omnibus factory, the trimme...
35. Part 35=248. Watches.= A watch is said to consist of 992 pieces. We have seen it stated that two hundred persons are employed in the entire process of making a watch, and that, with th...
55. Part 55=416. Salt.= "In certain cities, especially at Dieppe, France, women have the business of carrying salt; it is a monopoly which has belonged to them from time immemorial. They f...
7. Part 7=20. Physicians.= It is only within the last few years that women have received any preparation for the practice of medicine in our country. But it is now advancing in a way tha...
67. Part 67INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS OF PARIS, IN 1848. -------------------+------------------------------------------------------ OCCUPATIONS. |Number of Men. | |Number of Women. | | |Minimum...
34. Part 34=237. Burnishers.= At M.'s, Philadelphia, they employ from thirty to fifty women on plated ware; would employ more if they had room for them to work. They spend three months lea...
29. Part 29=178. Sewing Thread.= A manufacturer in Andover, Massachusetts, writes: "We employ about one hundred women, who receive about $3 per week, working eleven hours per day. Women ar...
1. Part 1Text originally marked up as bold is surrounded by =, text in italics by _. All footnotes can be found after the Appendix, before the Index. Obvious printer's errors have been r...
37. Part 37=274. Watch Crystals.= M. told us there are two kinds of watch crystals made in this country: the English and Dutch. The English are the best. The Dutch make them in a cheaper w...
10. Part 10=39. Actresses.= The circumstances under which a play-actor's life are seen are calculated to please the young and susceptible. They put a false estimate on the pleasures it aff...
14. Part 14=63. Musicians.= Madame Romeau says: "Few women have been engaged in musical compositions, and they have rarely undertaken important works. In painting and literature one is pre...
54. Part 54=398. Chemicals.= One chemist wrote me that some part of the work in the manufacture of chemicals is wet and disagreeable. Another writes that "women are not employed in that br...
42. Part 42=326. Feathers.= Mrs. M., Philadelphia, has served an apprenticeship of five years at dressing and dyeing feathers, and is now (and has been for fifty years) able to perform eve...
57. Part 57=435. Fishing-Tackle Preparers.= In Philadelphia, I was told at the store where most fishing tackle is sold, that one woman is employed by them in fastening small hooks, with si...
56. Part 56=425. Lighthouse Keepers.= Miss H. told me of two young women whose father keeps a lighthouse, but he is very feeble and infirm. They attend the lights, and often row out, if th...
64. Part 64=506. Shoe-Peg Makers.= A shoe-peg manufacturing association, in New Hampshire, furnish me a report of the work they have done by women, as follows: "Women are employed only to...
23. Part 23=127. Fruit Growers.= If American women would only turn their attention to the cultivation of fruits and flowers for market, instead of giving it up to ignorant foreigners, how...
65. Part 65=521. England.= In looking over the census of Great Britain, for 1850, we are surprised to find that in some of those occupations most suitable for women, as physicians, music c...
31. Part 31=195. Sewing Silk.= The first factory for spinning silk in this country was established in Northampton, Massachusetts. There are 156 hands in Massachusetts, engaged in the manuf...
5. Part 5=9. Copyists.= Law copying is done by young women in charge of the society in London for promoting the employment of women. Miss Rye, who is superintendent of the class, says: "...
4. Part 4=3. Authors.= Many superior works of fiction have been written by ladies of America, some of which have been translated into the languages of Europe and introduced into those co...
17. Part 17=92. Map Engravers.= Map engraving is divided into two kinds: the lettering and plain work. The last can be learned in six months by a person of taste and talent. The most that...
19. Part 19=103. Curiosity Dealers.= In large cities, a few persons may find employment in this way. To the business of selling coins, medals, buckles, old-time jewelry, &c., is usually ad...
13. Part 13=57. Lithographers.= The impression for chalk drawings is made by delicate manipulations with crayon pencils; for ink drawings, with steel pens and camel-hair brushes. It requir...
62. Part 62=489. Knitters.= The knitting done by machinery is not so soft, so warm, or so durable as that done by hand. It is almost impossible to obtain ladies' hand-knit hose in cities....
61. Part 61=481. Flag Makers.= At A.'s, New York, the young man said it requires about a year to learn the business thoroughly. The hands employed in the house are paid by the week, and re...
11. Part 11=45. Schools of Design.= Schools of design were established 444 B. C., for the purpose of improvement in making statuary. The arts declined when Europe was overrun by barbarous...
8. Part 8=24. Readers to the Working Classes.= In China, at almost every store where cups of tea are sold, a number of men make it a business to read to those that come in to buy or drin...
33. Part 33=222. Knives and Forks.= The metals used for knives and forks are iron, steel, and silver, according to use or expense. The dust that arises from the grinding of steel knives, c...
9. Part 9=28. Teachers of Bookkeeping.= In the catalogue of Comer's Commercial College, Boston, we find the following statement: "As an inducement to ladies to prepare themselves for mer...
40. Part 40=308. Pattern Makers.= The wife of a pattern maker told me it requires ingenuity, patience, and a knowledge of drawing to become a pattern maker. C. thought general pattern maki...
43. Part 43=330. Sempstresses.= In 1845, there were in New York ten thousand sempstresses, and now there are probably many more. "The following are the prices for which a majority of these...
15. Part 15=77. Portrait.= "Lala, though not a native of Rome, exercised her profession in that city during the youth of Marcus Varo, painting portraits of women. Her pictures were better...
12. Part 12=51. Engravers and Chasers of Gold and Silver.= I was told by a lady in Philadelphia, that had been engaged with her husband for some years in chasing the backs of gold watches,...
47. Part 47=353. Army and Navy Uniform.= Our Government might do something toward bringing about a reform in the prices paid women. If those who have clothing made for the men of the army...
6. Part 6=15. Lecturers.= Lecturing is addressing people through the sense of hearing; writing is addressing them through the sense of sight. An individual can address a larger number by...
48. Part 48=359. Hats.= We will give an extract from "The Art and Industry of the Crystal Palace": "In the manufacture of hats in the United States, there are twenty-four thousand persons...
52. Part 52=388. Paper-Bag Makers.= At a paper-bag factory in Brooklyn, the man pays from $1.50 to $2 a week to his girls. They work ten hours. The work is all done by hand. The bags are c...
3. Part 3=1. Amanuenses.= Amanuenses are employed to write from dictation, generally by authors. Prescott, who was nearly blind for several years, employed one or more. Editors whose pap...
2. Part 2This work contains five hundred and thirty-three articles, more than five hundred of which are descriptions of the occupations in which women are, or may be engaged--the effect...
20. Part 20=110. Music Sellers.= Mr. W. does not know of any ladies engaged in selling sheet music, but thinks there may be some in small towns. He thinks it would be a very suitable emplo...
66. Part 66Artificial Eyes, Limbs, and Teeth. Artificial Flowers. Bags (Cotton and Paper). Baskets. Belts (Ladies'). Bonnets. Bonnet Ruches. Bonnet Frames. Books. Braces and Trusses. Brush...
68. Part 68Employed in the thirteen groups of _industrials_, 112,891 women; 7,851 girls, of whom 869 were under 12--rest from 12 to 16. To every two men employed, one woman. Women more num...