The China of Chiang K'ai-Shek: A Political Study

ARTICLE 53. The District or Central Party Organs shall send Delegates to the Communist Youth Corps for exchanging ideas. At the same time the Communist Youth Corps can also send...

The two highest offices in the Kuomintang are _Tsung-li_ (Leader) and _Tsung-ts'ai_ (Chief). These are occupied by Sun Yat-sen as Leader and Chiang K'ai-shek as Chief. Sun Yat-s...

The Kuomintang, a Chinese political party, was formed by federation of old anti-Manchu secret societies, and has become the vehicle for the will of its Leader, Sun Yat-sen: cons...

Government, wherever organized, is distinguished from other social institutions by claims to universality of scope and competence, and paramountcy of authority; the term _politi...

By constitutional stipulation, and by dogma legally established, the National Government of the Chinese Republic is a Kuomintang Party-dictatorship over the Chinese nation. This...

China consists of twenty-eight provinces, varying in size about as do the European nations. Of the twenty-eight, fourteen are wholly under Chinese control, or are so slightly to...

Facing the National Armies, and encircling the guerrillas, lie the Imperial Japanese forces. Frank agents of Imperial policy, they--unlike the Hitler-Mussolini contingents in Sp...

The outbreak and continuance of war has left the fulcrum of power relatively untouched. The highest organs of state are primarily in Kuomintang hands; the Party Chief of the Kuo...

[Footnote 1: Official English text from Ch'u Chia-hua (Party-Minister of Organization of the Kuomintang), "Consolidation of Democracy in China," in Council of International Affa...

The party politics of Republican China fall into two periods: the early period of competitive, pre-parliamentary parties, 1912 to the Great Revolution; and a later period of str...

[Footnote 1: Ch'ên Ch'êng, _K'ang-chan Chien-kuo Yü Ch'ing-nien Tsê-jen_ [Resistance and Reconstruction in Relation to the Duties of Youth], Chungking XXIX (1940), p. 43-68. The...

Nowhere in China is there outright denial of a need for constitutional change. The need exists; the Double Five Draft is the government's answer. Yet there are few patent demeri...

The constitutional system, basic in most Western states, plays a peculiar, subordinate role in China. Consideration of the issue of constitutionalism high-lights the most practi...

ARTICLE 44. In case the State is confronted with an emergency, or the economic life of the State meets with a grave danger, which calls for immediate action, the President, foll...

The question whether a law is in conflict with the Constitution shall be settled by the Censor Yuan submitting the point to the Judicial Yuan for interpretation within six month...

ARTICLE 116. The economic system of the Republic of China shall be based upon the Min Shêng Chu I (Principle of Livelihood) and shall aim at national economic sufficiency and eq...

_c._ Subordinate Party Organs must accept orders issued by the higher Organs. They shall strictly obey the regulations of the Party. They shall effectively carry out the resolut...

ARTICLE 99. In the Provincial Government there shall be a Governor who shall hold office for a term of three years. He shall be appointed and removed by the Central Government.

When a citizen is arrested or detained on suspicion of having committed a criminal act, the authority responsible for such action shall immediately inform the citizen himself an...

1. Each district, municipality or area of an equivalent status shall elect one delegate, but in case its population exceeds 300,000, one additional delegate shall be elected for...

ARTICLE 22. _The Hsien Council of Party Delegates_: The supreme Party Organ in the _hsien_ is the _Hsien_ Council of Party Delegates. The special meeting of the Council shall be...

23. The Central Managing Board of the Central Corps Headquarters is formed by twenty-five to thirty-five managing directors, in addition to the nine to fifteen reserve members o...

1 from Hawaii 1 from Chile 1 from Peru 1 from Cuba 1 from Mexico 1 from Central America 3 from the United States 2 from the Philippines 2 from Canada 4 from Malaya 3 from Annam...

ARTICLE 2. _Qualifications of Party Members_: The Party members should accept the regulations and constitution of the Communist International and of the Chinese Communist Party....

13. The All-Corps Representative Assembly may be held every two years. At the discretion of the Corps Leader or the Central Managing Board, however, it may be postponed or a tem...

ARTICLE 28. _The Provincial Council of Party Delegates_: The Provincial Council of Party Delegates is the supreme Party Organ in the province. The regular meeting of the Council...

_i._ Rebels against the National Government, proven or under arrest. _ii._ Corrupt officials, proven or under arrest. _iii._ Those whose citizenship privileges have been forfeit...

ARTICLE 131. The educational aim of the Republic of China shall be to develop a national spirit, to cultivate a national morality, to train the people for self-government and to...

38. The Managing Board has a Secretary, appointed by the Corps Leader, from among the members of the Managing Board. He is to direct all affairs of the Managing Board.

51. The Sectional Corps has a Managing Board formed by three to five members and one to three reserve members, elected in the General Meeting of the Members of the Sectional Cor...

ARTICLE 18. The officers of the various professional organs shall nominate Representatives for those particular professions. Their number should be three times the number of Rep...

3. All Chinese youths, male or female, aged between 16 to 25, vowing to abide by the Corps constitution, can become members of the Corps upon the payment of the membership fee.

ARTICLE 39. The National Government forms the Chief Election Office of the Representatives of the National Congress. The Office is headed by a Commissioner and a Deputy Commissi...

ARTICLE 48. Special Party Groups are to be constituted by three or more Party members. The main function of these Party Groups is the encouragement of the Party principles among...

ARTICLE 16. _Fundamental Organizations_: Branch Party Organs of the factories, mines, workshops, shops, streets, villages, and armies are the fundamental organization of the Com...

ARTICLE 39. While the National Party Congress is in session, the Central Party Committee is the supreme Party Organ. It represents the Party in contacts with the other political...

ARTICLE 9. All provinces and cities directly under the Executive Yüan shall elect a number of Representatives corresponding to the attached List No. 1, and according to the laws...

ARTICLE 35. The National Party Congress is the supreme Party Organ in the country. The meeting shall be called once annually by the Central Party Committee and the Communist Int...

of China shall be to develop a national spirit, to cultivate a national morality, to train the people for self-government and to increase their ability to earn a livelihood, and...

ARTICLE 4. The territory of the Republic of China consists of areas originally constituting Kiangsu, Chekiang, Anhwei, Kiangsi, Hupeh, Hunan, Szechwan, Sikang, Hopei, Shantung,...

ARTICLE 44. Strict obedience to Party discipline is the highest duty of every Communist. Resolutions passed by the Communist International, Central Party Committee, or other sup...

61. The Sectional Troop is the basic organization of the San Min Chu I Youth Corps. It is formed by eight to fifteen members, with a Leader and an Assistant Leader elected by th...

government. The institutions of provincial government are wittingly minimized, because of recent trouble with provincial satrapies and the dangerously centrifugal effect of prov...

ARTICLE 53. Electors or nominated Representatives who are not elected may file suit within ten days of the date of the election against any administrative officer of the electio...

principle of _min shêng_ (_q.v._, below). Willing to apply whatever worked best, Sun himself had no theoretical objections to capitalism, communism, state socialism, or any othe...

_i._ It is legally proved that more than one-third of the electorate are cheating in or manipulating the election; or, _ii._ It is legally proved that the election is not conduc...

46. The Divisional Corps has three to five Managing Directors, who have power to command, direct, inspect, and examine the work done by the Divisional Corps, in accordance to th...

ARTICLE 20. _The District Council of Party Delegates_: In the sphere of the city or country districts the supreme Party Organs are the Party Members' Mass Meeting and the Distri...

64. Unless already specified, the members of the Managing Boards of the various Corps and Troops are elected in the General Meeting or the Meeting of Representatives of the resp...

ARTICLE 32. The National Party Convention shall be called to meet twice annually. The numbers of candidates and Delegates to be elected by different organs are to be determined...

ARTICLE 47. The amount of the Party fee shall be determined by the Central Committee. Members without employment or those in poverty are allowed exemption from payment. Those wh...

12. The Corps Leader is the chairman in the All-Corps Representative Assembly, and has the power to veto a resolution already passed by the Assembly; he also has the power to fi...

ARTICLE 43. For the control of the financial and accounting work of the subordinate Party Organs, Central or District Control Committees shall be elected by the National Party C...

9. The system of organization of the Corps is as follows: the Central Corps Headquarters, the Branch Corps, the Divisional Corps, the Sectional Corps, the Divisional Troop, the...

60. The Divisional Troop executes the orders of the superior organs and the resolutions passed in the All-Corps Representative Assembly. The Divisional Troop also directs and ex...