Steam, Its Generation and Use

The proper consideration can be given to the adaptability of any boiler for the service in view only after a thorough understanding of the requirements of a good steam boiler, w...

Stacks for Oil Fuel--The requirements of stacks connected to boilers under which oil fuel is burned are entirely different from those where coal is used. While more attention ha...

Another form of boiler, first invented by Clarke or Crawford, and lately revived, has the uptake made of boxes into which a number, generally from two to four tubes, are expande...

REPRODUCED BY PERMISSION FROM MARKS AND DAVIS "STEAM TABLES AND DIAGRAMS" (Copyright, 1909, by Longmans, Green & Co.) ___________________________________________________________...

As stated in the previous chapter, the first water-tube boiler was built by John Blakey and was patented by him in 1766. Several tubes alternately inclined at opposite angles we...

Before placing a new boiler in service, a careful and thorough examination should be made of the pressure parts and the setting. The boiler as erected should correspond in its b...

Mr. Kent, in his "Steam Boiler Economy", described the action of bituminous coal after it is fired as follows: "The first thing that the fine fresh coal does is to choke the air...

If a shell or fire-tubular boiler explodes, the apparatus as a whole is destroyed. In the case of water-tube boilers, the drums are ordinarily so located that they are protected...

Many tables have been published with a view to comparing the two fuels. Such of these as are based solely on the relative calorific values of oil and coal are of limited value,...

In practice the limiting factor in the velocity advisable is the allowable pressure drop. In the description of the action of the throttling calorimeter, it has been demonstrate...

For a given flow of steam and diameter of pipe, the drop in pressure is proportional to the length and if discharge quantities for other lengths of pipe than 1000 feet are requi...

The Babcock & Wilcox boiler is built in two general classes, the longitudinal drum type and the cross drum type. Either of these designs may be constructed with vertical or incl...

Height and Diameter of Stacks--From this formula (27) it becomes evident that a stack of certain diameter, if it be increased in height, will produce the same available draft as...

(C) Loss due to heat carried away by dry chimney gases. This is dependent upon the weight of gas per pound of coal which may be determined by formula (16), page 158.

Alum and iron alum will act as efficient coagulents where organic matter is present in the water. Iron alum has not only this property but also that of reducing oil discharged f...

Wood, as used commercially for steam generating purposes, is usually a waste product from some industrial process. At the present time refuse from lumber and sawmills forms by f...

Dry Steam--In the list of the requirements of the perfect steam boiler, the necessity that dry steam be generated has been pointed out. The Babcock & Wilcox boiler will deliver...

The bomb is then placed in the calorimeter, which has been filled with a definite amount of water. This weight is the "water equivalent" of the apparatus, _i. e._, the weight of...

In commercial tests where the service requires continuous operation night and day, with frequent shifts of firemen, the duration of the test, whether the boilers are hand fired...

Following the course of the steam in a plant, the next advantage of the use of superheated steam is the absence of water in the steam pipes. The thermal conductivity of superhea...

+----------+----------+--------+---------+----------+---------------+ | | | | | | Relative | | | | | Weight | | Density, | | | | | of | Volume | Hydrogen = 1 | | | |Specific|One...

Red brick should be laid in a thoroughly mixed mortar composed of one volume of Portland cement, 3 volumes of unslacked lime and 16 volumes of clear sharp sand. Not less than 2½...

____________________________________________________________ | |Weight of Constituents in One |Air Required| | Fuel |Pound Dry Fuel |per Pound | | |_____________________________...

_______________________________________________________ |Number| Proximate Analysis Dry Coal | Equiv.|Combnd.| | of |Volatl.| Fixed | Ash |B.t.u./|Evap. @|Efficy.| | Test |Matte...

For any calorimeter within the range of its ordinary use, such a thermometer and radiation correction taken from one normal reading is approximately correct for any conditions w...

Where the temperature of the gas available is high, approaching that found in direct fired boiler practice, the problem is simple and the question of design of boiler becomes on...

Experience has shown that this fuel may be burned with the best results in large quantities. A given amount of bagasse burned in one furnace between two boilers will give better...

Melting Points of Metals--The approximate temperature of a furnace or flue may be determined, if so desired, by introducing certain metals of which the melting points are known....

ATLANTA Candler Building BOSTON 35 Federal Street CHICAGO Marquette Building CINCINNATI Traction Building CLEVELAND New Guardian Building DENVER 435 Seventeenth Street HAVANA, C...

Water has a greater specific heat or heat-absorbing capacity than any other known substance (bromine and hydrogen excepted) and its specific heat is the basis for measurement of...

Absolute pressure 117 Absolute zero 80 Accessibility of Babcock & Wilcox boiler 59 Acidity in boiler feed water 106 Actual evap. corresponding to boiler horse power 288 Advantag...

_______________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | |Pacific Light|Pacific Light|Miami Copper | | | and Power | and Power | Company | | Plant | C...

VOLUME AND WEIGHT OF AIR AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES _______________________________________ | | | | | | Volume | | | Temperature | One Pound | Weight One |...

British Thermal Unit--The quantitative measure of heat is the British thermal unit, ordinarily written B. t. u. This is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of...

Dry saturated steam contains no water. In some cases, saturated steam is accompanied by water which is carried along with it, either in the form of a spray or is blown along the...

_____________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Proximate Analysis (Dry Coal) |B. t. u.| | No. |________________________________________| Per | |...

In the former method the calculation should be based on an ultimate analysis, which reduces the fuel to its elementary constituents of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphu...

HEAT UNITS PER POUND AND WEIGHT PER CUBIC FOOT OF WATER BETWEEN 32 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT AND 340 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT _________________________________ | | | | |Temperature|Heat Unit...

____________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | No. | State | County | Field, Bed | Mine | Size | | | | or Vein | | | | | |...

The features entering into the plant efficiency are so numerous that it is impossible to make a statement as to a means of securing the highest efficiency which will apply to al...

[Footnote 15: Some waters, not naturally acid, become so at high temperatures, as when chloride of magnesia decomposes with the formation of free hydrochloride acid; such phenom...

This formula can be considered as giving a way of calculating an average transfer rate. It has been used in this way for calculating the average transfer rate from boiler tests...

________________________________________________________________ |Number|Grate |Dura-|Steam |Temper-|Degrees|Factor| Draft | | of |Surf. | tion|Pres. | ature | Super | of | In |...