Part 18

771. #comedō#, _eat up_, has also the following root forms: #comēs#, #comēst#, #comēstis#; #comēstō#; #comēsse#; #comēssēs#, #comēsset#, #comēssēmus#. The present subjunctive has also #comedim#, #comedīs#, #comedint#. The participle perfect is #comēssus#, #comēsus#, or #comēstus#, future #comēssūrus#. #exedō#, _eat out_, has #exēst# and #exēsse#; subjunctive #exedint#. #adedō#, _eat at_, has #adēst#.

772. #volō# (#nōlō#, #mālō#) and #ferō# have the bare root in some parts only of the present system; in other parts the root extended by a formative vowel, like #regō# (782). #volō# (#nōlō#, #mālō#) lack some forms, as will be seen below.

773. (2.) #volō#, _will_, _wish_, _want_, _am willing_ (#vol-#, #vel-#).

+----------------------------------------------+ | Principal parts: volō, velle, voluī, ----. | +---------+------------------------------------+ | | INDICATIVE MOOD. | | | | | | Singular. | Plural. | | _Pres._ | volō, | volumus, | | | vīs, | voltis or vultis, | | | volt or vult | volunt | | _Imp._ | volēbam, | volēbāmus, | | | volēbās, | volēbātis, | | | volēbat | volēbant | | _Fut._ | volam, | volēmus, | | | volēs, | volētis, | | | volet | volent | | _Perf._ | voluī, | voluimus, | | | voluistī, | voluistis, | | | voluit | voluērunt or -re | | _Plup._ | volueram, | voluerāmus, | | | voluerās, | voluerātis, | | | voluerat | voluerant | | _F. P._ | voluerō, | voluerimus, | | | volueris, | volueritis, | | | voluerit | voluerint | | | | | | SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. | | | | | _Pres._ | velim, | velīmus, | | | velīs, | velītis, | | | velit | velint | | _Imp._ | vellem, | vellēmus, | | | vellēs, | vellētis, | | | vellet | vellent | | _Perf._ | voluerim, | voluerīmus, | | | voluerīs, | voluerītis, | | | voluerit | voluerint | | _Plup._ | voluissem, | voluissēmus, | | | voluissēs, | voluissētis, | | | voluisset | voluissent | | | | +---------+------------------------------------+ | | INFINITIVE. | PARTICIPLE. | | _Pres._ | velle | volēns | | _Perf._ | voluisse | | +---------+------------------------------------+

774. #volo# for #volō# is rare (2443). #volt# and #voltis# became #vult# and #vultis# about the time of Augustus (141). For #volumus#, see 142; #velim#, &c., 841; #vellem#, &c., #velle#, 166, 8. #sīs#, _an thou wilt_, is common for #sī vīs# (Plaut., Ter., Cic., Liv.). #sultis#, _an ‘t please you_, is used by Plautus for #sī voltis#.

775. #nōlō#, _won’t_, is formed from #ne-#, _not_, and #volō#, juxtaposed, and #mālō#, _like better_, abbreviated from #māvolō# for #*magsvolo# (779, 170, 2).

776. #nōlō#, _won’t_, _don’t want_, _object_, _am not willing_.

+----------------------------------------------------+ | Principal parts: nōlō, nōlle, nōluī, ----. | +---------+------------------------------------------+ | | INDICATIVE MOOD. | | | | | | Singular. | Plural. | | _Pres._ | nōlō, | nōlumus, | | | nōn vīs, | nōn voltis or vultis, | | | nōn volt or vult | nōlunt | | _Imp._ | nōlēbam, | nōlēbāmus, | | | nōlēbās, | nōlēbātis, | | | nōlēbat | nōlēbant | | _Fut._ | ----, | nōlēmus, | | | nōlēs, | nōlētis, | | | nōlet | nōlent | | | | | | SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. | | | | | _Pres._ | nōlim, | nōlīmus, | | | nōlīs, | nōlītis, | | | nōlit | nōlint | | _Imp._ | nōllem, | nōllēmus, | | | nōllēs, | nōllētis, | | | nōllet | nōllent | | | | | | IMPERATIVE MOOD. | | | nōlī or nōlītō, | nōlīte or nōlītōte, | | | nōlītō | nōluntō | | | | +---------+------------------------------------------+ | | INFINITIVE. | PARTICIPLE. | | _Pres._ | nōlle | ---- | +---------+------------------------------------------+

777. #nevīs# and #nevolt#, from #ne-#, _not_, are found in Plautus. #nōlō# has usually no participles, but oblique cases of #nōlēns# are used a few times by post-Augustan writers (Cels., Luc., Quintil., Ta., Juv., Mart., Plin.). The perfect system, #nōluī#, &c., is like that of #volō# (772).

778. #mālō#, _like better_, _choose rather_.

+----------------------------------------------------+ | Principal parts: mālō, mālle, māluī, ----. | +---------+------------------------------------------+ | | INDICATIVE MOOD. | | | | | | Singular. | Plural. | | _Pres._ | mālō, | mālumus, | | | māvīs, | māvoltis or māvultis, | | | māvolt or māvult | mālunt | | _Imp._ | mālēbam, | mālēbāmus, | | | mālēbās, | mālēbātis, | | | mālēbat | mālēbant | | _Fut._ | ----, | mālēmus, | | | mālēs, | mālētis, | | | mālet | mālent | | | | | | SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. | | | | | _Pres._ | mālim, | mālīmus, | | | mālīs, | mālītis, | | | mālit | mālint | | _Imp._ | māllem, | māllēmus, | | | māllēs, | māllētis, | | | māllet | māllent | | | | +---------+------------------------------------------+ | | INFINITIVE. | PARTICIPLE. | | _Pres._ | mālle | ---- | +---------+------------------------------------------+

779. Old forms are #māvolō#, #māvolunt#; #māvolet#; #māvelim#, #māvelīs#, #māvelit#; #māvellem#. The perfect system, #māluī#, &c., is like that of #volō# (772).

[Errata: 773 (table) ... velīmus, , missing 774 ... #sī vīs# (Plaut., Ter., Cic., Liv.) Plaut. Ter., 775 ... #māvolō# for #*magsvolo# printed as shown: error for magsvolō?]

(3.) #ferō#, _carry_ (#fer-#).

780. #ferō#, _carry_, is used only in the present system (720). The other parts are supplied by forms of #tollō#, _lift_ (#tol-#, #tlā-#). The present system of #ferō# is as follows:

+------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Principal parts: ferō, ferre; (tulī, lātus). | +---------+--------------------------------------------------------+ | | ACTIVE VOICE. | | | | | | INDICATIVE MOOD. | | | | | | Singular. | Plural. | | _Pres._ | ferō, fers, fert | ferimus, fertis, ferunt | | _Imp._ | ferēbam, | ferēbāmus, | | | ferēbās, | ferēbātis, | | | ferēbat | ferēbant | | _Fut._ | feram, ferēs, feret | ferēmus, ferētis, ferent | | | | | | SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. | | | | | _Pres._ | feram, ferās, ferat | ferāmus, ferātis, ferant | | _Imp._ | ferrem, ferrēs, ferret | ferrēmus, ferrētis, ferrent | | | | | | IMPERATIVE MOOD. | | | fer or fertō, fertō | ferte or fertōte, feruntō | +---------+--------------------------------------------------------+ | | INFINITIVE. | PARTICIPLE. | | _Pres._ | ferre | ferēns | | | | | | | GERUND. | | | _Gen._ | ferendī, &c. | | +---------+--------------------------------------------------------+ | | PASSIVE VOICE. | | | | | | INDICATIVE MOOD. | | | | | | Singular. | Plural. | | _Pres._ | feror, | ferimur, | | | ferris or -re, | feriminī, | | | fertur | feruntur | | _Imp._ | ferēbar, | ferēbāmur, | | | ferēbāre or -ris, | ferēbāminī, | | | ferēbātur | ferēbantur | | _Fut._ | ferar, | ferēmur, | | | ferēre or -ris, | ferēminī, | | | ferētur | ferentur | | | | | | SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. | | | | | _Pres._ | ferar, | ferāmur, | | | ferāre or -ris, | ferāminī, | | | ferātur | ferantur | | _Imp._ | ferrer, | ferrēmur, | | | ferrēre or -ris, | ferrēminī, | | | ferrētur | ferrentur | | | | | | IMPERATIVE MOOD. | | | ferre or fertor, | feriminī, | | | fertor | feruntor | +---------+--------------------------------------------------------+ | | INFINITIVE. | GERUNDIVE. | | _Pres._ | ferrī | ferendus | +---------+--------------------------------------------------------+

781. For #tulī#, see 860; the full form #tetulī#, &c., is found in old Latin, and TOLI, &c., in inscriptions; the compound with #re-# is #rettulī# for #*retetulī# (861). For the participle #lātus#, see 169, 1.

(B.) VERBS IN #-ere#.

_The Third Conjugation._

782. #regō#, _rule_.

+------------------------------------------------------------------+ | PRINCIPAL PARTS. | | PRES. INDIC. PRES. INFIN. PERF. INDIC. PERF. PART. | | regō regere rēxī rēctus | +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ACTIVE VOICE. | | | | INDICATIVE MOOD. | | | | PRESENT TENSE. | | Singular. | Plural. | | regō, _I rule_, | regimus, _we rule_, | | or _am ruling_ | or _are ruling_ | | regis, _thou rulest_, | regitis, _you rule_, | | or _art ruling_ | or _are ruling_ | | regit, _he rules_, | regunt, _they rule_, | | or _is ruling_ | or _are ruling_ | | | | IMPERFECT TENSE. | | regēbam, _I was ruling_, | regēbāmus, _we were ruling_, | | or _I ruled_ | or _we ruled_ | | regēbās, _thou wert ruling_, | regēbātis, _you were ruling_, | | or _thou ruledst_ | or _you ruled_ | | regēbat, _he was ruling_, | regēbant, _they were ruling_, | | or _he ruled_ | or _they ruled_ | | | | FUTURE TENSE. | | regam, _I shall rule_ | regēmus, _we shall rule_ | | regēs, _thou wilt rule_ | regētis, _you will rule_ | | reget, _he will rule_ | regent, _they will rule_ | | | | PERFECT TENSE. | | rēxī, _I have ruled_, | rēximus, _we have ruled_, | | or _I ruled_ | or _we ruled_ | | rēxistī, _thou hast ruled_, | rēxistis, _you have ruled_, | | or _thou ruledst_ | or _you ruled_ | | rēxit, _he has ruled_, | rēxērunt or -re, | | or _he ruled_ | _they have ruled_, | | | or _they ruled_ | | | | PLUPERFECT TENSE. | | rēxeram, _I had ruled_ | rēxerāmus, _we had ruled_ | | rēxerās, _thou hadst ruled_ | rēxerātis, _you had ruled_ | | rēxerat, _he had ruled_ | rēxerant, _they had ruled_ | | | | FUTURE PERFECT TENSE. | | rēxerō, | rēxerimus, | | _I shall have ruled_ | _we shall have ruled_ | | rēxeris, | rēxeritis, | | _thou wilt have ruled_ | _you will have ruled_ | | rēxerit, | rēxerint, | | _he will have ruled_ | _they will have ruled_ | +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. | | | | PRESENT TENSE. | | Singular. | Plural. | | regam, _may I rule_ | regāmus, _let us rule_ | | regās, _mayst thou rule_ | regātis, _may you rule_ | | regat, _let him rule_ | regant, _let them rule_ | | | | IMPERFECT TENSE. | | regerem, _I should rule_ | regerēmus, _we should rule_ | | regerēs, _thou wouldst rule_ | regerētis, _you would rule_ | | regeret, _he would rule_ | regerent, _they would rule_ | | | | PERFECT TENSE. | | rēxerim, | rēxerīmus, | | _I may have ruled_ | _we may have ruled_ | | rēxerīs, | rēxerītis, | | _thou mayst have ruled_ | _you may have ruled_ | | rēxerit, | rēxerint, | | _he may have ruled_ | _they may have ruled_ | | | | PLUPERFECT TENSE. | | rēxissem, | rēxissēmus, | | _I should have ruled_ | _we should have ruled_ | | rēxissēs, | rēxissētis, | | _thou wouldst have ruled_ | _you would have ruled_ | | rēxisset, | rēxissent, | | _he would have ruled_ | _they would have ruled_ | | | | IMPERATIVE MOOD. | | rege or regitō, | regite or regitōte, | | _rule_, _thou shalt rule_ | _rule_, _you shall rule_ | | regitō, _he shall rule_ | reguntō, _they shall rule_ | | | +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | NOUNS OF THE VERB. | | | | INFINITIVE. | PARTICIPLE. | | _Pres._ regere, _to rule_ | _Pres._ regēns, _ruling_ | | _Perf._ rēxisse, | | | _to have ruled_ | | | _Fut._ rēctūrus esse, | _Fut._ rēctūrus, | | _to be going to rule_ | _going to rule_ | | | | GERUND. | SUPINE. | | _Gen._ regendī, _of ruling_ | | | _Dat._ regendō, _for ruling_ | | | _Acc._ regendum, _ruling_ | _Acc._ *rēctum, _to rule_, | | | not used | | _Abl._ regendō, _by ruling_ | _Abl._ *rēctū, _in ruling_, | | | not used | +------------------------------------------------------------------+

VERBS IN #-ere#.

_The Third Conjugation._

783. #regor#, _am ruled_.