Category: History - Other

A Brief History of Forestry. In Europe, the United States and Other Countries

II. FIRST DEVELOPMENT OF FORESTRY METHODS (1500 TO 1800) 41 1. Development of Property Conditions 42 2. Forest Conditions 47 3. Methods of Restriction in Forest Use 49 4. Development of Forest Policy 52 5. Personnel 56 6. Development of Silviculture 57 7. Improvement of the Cr...

Chapters

21. Part 21

In the central part, Svealand or Sweden proper, the forest region begins, with pine and spruce, pure or in mixture, covering the granite hills and plateau; birch and other hardw...

6. Part 6

Just as the thinning in polewoods arose from the need of earlier utilization, so the weeding of young growths was done for the purpose of getting material for withes to bind the...

29. Part 29

Although in size larger than the United States, its land area being estimated at over 3,600,000 square miles, Canada has so far attained only one-fifteenth of the population of...

4. Part 4

In that century, division of the Mark forest begins for the alleged reason that individual ownership would lead to better management and less devastation. In the 12th and 13th c...

32. Part 32

The latest move in forest reform in this part of the world, as a result of Japanese influence, is to be recorded from Korea. Indeed, in 1910, Japan annexed Korea, and will doubt...

22. Part 22

At the Institute the tuition is free and in addition 4 students receive scholarships of 250 dollars per year; appointment to assistantships follows immediately after promotion,...

33. Part 33

In those early times, the extent of our forest domain was entirely unknown, and the concern of occasional early voices in public prints regarding a threatened exhaustion of timb...

20. Part 20

Some notable exceptions to the general mismanagement of private forests are furnished by some of those owned by the nobility, like those of Count Uwaroff with 150,000 acres unde...

27. Part 27

John Croumbie Brown’s sixteen volumes on forests and forestry in various countries may be mentioned among the propagandist literature. The Arboricultural Societies mentioned als...

30. Part 30

The provincial ownership extends over about 500,000 square miles. The Dominion government owns an area of 20,000 square miles in the railway belt of British Columbia, 20 miles o...

23. Part 23

For the education of the higher grade foresters a department of forestry (now with two professors) was instituted in the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural High School at Copenha...

31. Part 31

In 1881, a new forest department under a French forest officer was started, which has grown until now its consists of one Conservator (D. E. Hutchins), 22 Assistant Conservators...

19. Part 19

The northern forest, the most important economic factor, is composed largely of pure or mixed coniferous woods (74%), principally Norway Spruce (34%) and Scotch Pine (29.5%) wit...

24. Part 24

In 1899, a change in the permit system was made, but hardly for the better, justices of the peace being empowered, under certain conditions, to issue such permits. Nor do we fin...

14. Part 14

After nearly 500 years of this loose federation, it was reserved to Napoleon to proclaim the Helvetian Republic one and indivisible, in 1798, after a short struggle of 74 days....

25. Part 25

In 1859, R. Maffei, a private forester, began to publish the _Revista forestale del regno d’ Italia_, an annual review, for the purpose of popularizing forestry in Italy, afterw...

5. Part 5

By the end of the 18th century, this forest police, owing to the uncontrolled harshness and the grafting practices of the lower officials had become the most hated and distastef...

28. Part 28

The discontent which was created by this act came very near wrecking the whole enterprise, and much difference of opinion between the local and general governments existed, the...

34. Part 34

In order to secure influential support from outside, a committee of the Forestry Association induced the then Secretary of the Interior, Hoke Smith, in 1896, to request the Nati...

8. Part 8

He may be considered as having established on a firm basis the forest administration of Prussia; and many of the things he instituted still prevail. In organizing the service, h...

12. Part 12

As a result of gradual changes, the present distribution of property resulted, in which the State ownership is comparatively small, namely, in Austria proper not more than 7.3%...

2. Part 2

The forest was undoubtedly the earliest home of mankind, its edible products forming its principal value. Its wild animals developed the hunter, the chase first furnishing means...

18. Part 18

The French _forestry literature_ has never been prolific, and to this day occupies still a limited amount of shelf room. The first book on record is a translation of the well kn...

9. Part 9

Cotta based his system of forest organization upon a method described by a Bavarian, Schilcher (1796); it relied primarily upon area rather than volume division. This method was...

3. Part 3

For the student of forestry the history of its development in Germany is of greatest interest not only because his art has reached here the highest and most intensive applicatio...

16. Part 16

By this ordinance, three special courts of adjudication in matters pertaining to the forests were established, with special officers whose duties were carefully defined, namely...

15. Part 15

In 1767, the _Société d’Economie de Zurich_ published a foresters’ manual, and during the first quarter of the nineteenth century, _Zschokke_ and _Kasthofer_ developed silvicult...

13. Part 13

In Bohemia, the clearing system with artificial reforestation, mostly by seed, had been introduced at the beginning of the century for the conifer forests, planting as a rule be...

7. Part 7

When in the 18th century the need for better woods knowledge became pressing, the few really good forest managers were sought out by the young men who wished to secure this know...

17. Part 17

A young engineer, _Surell_, was the first to study the possibility of coping with the evil and proved in his _Etude sur les torrents_, in 1841, its relation to forest cover, and...

11. Part 11

With the aspects of _political economy_ in reference to forest policy the foresters had occupied themselves but little, leaving the shaping of public opinion to the Cameralists,...

26. Part 26

It is a remarkable fact that the nation which can boast of the most extensive forest department in one of her colonies, has at home not yet been able to come to an intelligent c...

35. Part 35

The first _Journal of Forestry_, a monthly publication, ventured into the world as a private enterprise, edited by Dr. Hough, soon after the Forestry Congress in Cincinnati, but...

10. Part 10

This policy of freedom was also applied, although less radically, in Bavaria, except as to smaller owners. The result was, to a large extent, the increase of exploitation and fo...

1. Part 1

II. FIRST DEVELOPMENT OF FORESTRY METHODS (1500 TO 1800) 41 1. Development of Property Conditions 42 2. Forest Conditions 47 3. Methods of Restriction in Forest Use 49 4. Develo...

36. Part 36

OETTELT, 68, 70, 74, 76, 77, 134, 136. Ohio, 490, 497. Oliva de Serres, 244. Ordinances, Austria, 158, 161, 165; France, 214, 215, 216, 217, 233; Germany, 33, 38, 47, 48, 49ff,...