Chapter 13

[7.6] =mira qué cara tan fea pone el Corsario para dormir=, _see what a very ugly face the Corsair_ (nickname) _makes when he sleeps_. _Qué tan = cuán._ _Cara... para dormir_ might be rendered "sleeping-face" if this phrase were allowable. Cf. _un estante para libros_, "a book-case."

=Page 8.=--[8.1] =¡Ay María!= _My goodness!_ It is almost superfluous to note that this and similar expressions have, like "Heavens!" in English, _mon Dieu!_ etc., in French, a much weaker force than literal translation would convey.

[8.2] =dar un testerazo=, _strike his head_, lit. "give a blow with (_-azo_) the head."

[8.3] =tirar ufano.= This use of an adjective relating to the subject is somewhat common in Spanish in cases where in English we prefer an adverb modifying the verb.

[8.4] =Se necesita que... no lo aferre=, _There can't be a fish in the sea without this wretch catching it_, lit. "it is necessary that there be not... in order that he may not catch it." The prefix _re-_, attached to adjectives, adverbs and, less frequently, to nouns, is characteristic of familiar style. It adds an intensive or superlative force, which undoubtedly derives from its original force of repetition. Sometimes doubled, or takes the form _rete-_, e.g. _¡Qué reteinfamia!_ "What terrible infamy!"

[8.5] =se pusieron al tanto de=, _became aware of_.

[8.6] =frente a=, _toward_, _to_, lit. "facing."

[8.7] =¡Así Dios me mate!= _May I never draw another breath!_ lit. "So may God kill me!"

[8.8] =el mejor animal de la costera=, _the best fish of the season_. _Costera_, "fisherman's basket," "haul," "fishing-season."

[8.9] =Mientras tanto=, _Meanwhile_.

[8.10] =de vez en cuando=, _from time to time_. Also _de cuando en cuando_.

[8.11] =traerá consigo=, _can he have about him_. Future of probability or modified statement.

=Page 9.=--[9.1] =cada vez más=, _more and more_.

[9.2] =no hizo caso=, _paid no attention_.

[9.3] =siguió=, _went on_.

[9.4] =¡Allí fue Troya!= _Then came the crash!_ lit. "There was (the fall of) Troy!"

[9.5] =soltaron... el hilo de la risa=, _burst out laughing all together_, lit. "loosed the thread of laughter." Similar phrases are: _soltar la llave de las lágrimas, escaparse el flujo de la risa_, etc., etc.

[9.6] =que.= The conjunction _que_ is frequently used with a subtle and variable force. Here it lends emphasis and might be rendered by a simple "and": _and they needed to badly enough_. In line 12; below, it is nearly equivalent to _porque_. Sometimes it expresses surprise, etc., and may be rendered "so," cf. page 71, note 2. And elsewhere it shades into a mere expletive, without translatable force.

[9.7] =un si es no es=, _a trifle_.

[9.8] =que yo=, elliptical for _en que yo me he visto_.

=Page 10.=--[10.1] =A las pocas brazas de hilo que metió dentro=, _After hauling in a few fathoms of line_, lit. "upon, or after the few fathoms of line that he brought in."

=Page 11.=--[11.1] =por dar la vuelta=, _to turn_.

[11.2] =hiciese la mortecina=, _were feigning death_.

[11.3] =de pronto=, _all at once_, _suddenly_.

[11.4] =que en poco estuvo no saltase otra vez al agua=, _that he came near jumping into the water again_. The conjunction _que_ is here omitted before _no saltase_. Generally speaking, it is permissible to omit this introductory _que_ between two contiguous verbs, the second of which is subordinate to the first, especially if the dependent verb be subjunctive. Cases in which the omission is relatively frequent are: 1) when the second clause begins with no, as above, or after a verb of fearing; 2) after a verb of mental activity, as _espero me escribas_; 3) after an impersonal verb or verb-phrase, as _no es fácil lo consiga_.

[11.5] =En obra de=, _In about_, _in a matter of_.

[11.6] =aguza las uñas que asombra=, _puts his best foot foremost_, _does wonders_, lit. "sharpens his nails [so] that he astonishes."

=Page 12.=--[12.1] =cambiar=, _tack_.

[12.2] =en cuanto=, _as soon as_.

[12.3] =quedaría.= _Quedar_, _ir_, _andar_, etc., are used as substitutes for _estar_, yet each retains its own particular connotation.

[12.4] =perdonaba.= Imperfect with force of conditional. The effect is to make the statement more graphic.

[12.5] =los cuartos=, _the cash_.

[12.6] =la maestra=, _the schoolmaster's wife_.

[12.7] =entre risueño y enfadado=, _half smiling_, _half vexed_.

=Page 13.=--[13.1] =la gente principal o de media levita=, _the gentry or well-to-do citizens_. Levita, "frock coat," _gente de levita_, "people who [can afford to] wear such a garment," people of the cultured or leisured class. _Gente principal_ = _gente de levita_, _gente de media levita_ = _la de la clase media_.

[13.2] =Antes de llegar, con mucho=, _Long before they arrived_. _Con mucho_, "by much."

[13.3] =embarrancando=, _grounding_, _sinking in_.

[13.4] =se salían.= Some intransitive verbs are used reflexively to emphasize the volition of the agent. _El prisionero salió de la cárcel_, "the prisoner left the gaol"; _el p. se salió_, etc., "the prisoner got out of gaol." Cf. below, _se quedaban_.

[13.5] =pieza tras pieza=, _one after another_, _fish after fish_. _Pieza_ is used in speaking of a unit of fish or game.

=Page 14.=--[14.1] =mujerucas=, _old wives_. _-uco_, _-uca_, depreciative, contemptuous in force. A somewhat rare suffix.

[14.2] =lo fresco=, _the fresh fish_.

[14.3] =bajarlo=, i.e. _el precio_.

[14.4] =A mí no me cuente nada=, _Don't blame me for it_, lit. "Do not ascribe anything to me."

[14.5] =señá= = _señora_.

[14.6] =Yo no he dicho esta boca es mía=, _I didn't say a word_, lit. "I didn't say this mouth is mine."

[14.7] =Allá ellos lo arreglaron=, _They settled it among themselves_. _Allá_ in this and similar expressions has not entirely lost its usual connotations of direction and motion. It indicates the throwing off of responsibility and the attaching it to some one else. Cf. page 7, note 4, and page 21, note 3.

[14.8] =tú has debido advertirles=, _you ought to have warned them_.

=Page 15.=--[15.1] =te haces cargo=, _you note_.

[15.2] =el maragato siguiendo así nos devolverá los barriles=, _if it keeps on this way the Maragato_ (man from the Maragatería, district south of Astorga, in León) _will return us the casks_, i.e. "he will not buy."

[15.3] =dar la lengua=, _parley_.

[15.4] =¿Le parece mucho a diez cuartos?= _Do you think ten cuartos_ [a pound] _too much?_ lit. "does it seem to you [too] much at ten _cuartos_?" Note the pregnant meaning of _mucho_. "Too" may be expressed (though not with _mucho_) by _m uy_ (_... para_) or _demasiado_, though the latter is rather avoided, and the adjective or adverb suffices for the double sense, e.g. _esta puerta es grande para el cuarto_, "this door is too large for the room."--The _cuarto_ = 4 _maravedís_, and the _real_ = 34 _mar._, or about 5 cents of our money.

[15.5] =para no andar en más cuestiones=, _not to dispute any longer_.

[15.6] =se encogió de hombros=, _shrugged his shoulders_.

[15.7] =percal=, _percale_, a cotton stuff.

[15.8] =embebecida=, _absorbed_.

=Page 16.=--[16.1] =Nos falta=, _We have to_.

[16.2] =no te pongas seria=, _don't get solemn, look grave_.

[16.3] =el día de San Juan.= The 24th of June.

=Page 17.=--[17.1] =Claro está=, _Of course_. Also simply _claro_.

[17.2] =no se da por entendida=, _gives no sign_, lit. "does not show herself as [so] understanding [it]." Several idioms are formed on this model; cf. page 18, note 6, page 32, note 1, and page 150, note 4.

[17.3] =así que=, _as soon as_.

[17.4] =El que no se atreve, no pasa la mar=, _Nothing venture, nothing win_.

[17.5] =Lo mismo da=, _It's all the same_.

[17.6] =Hasta luego=, _Good-bye for the present_. Cf. Fr. _à bientôt_.

[17.7] =por la playa arriba=, _up over the beach_.

=Page 18.=--[18.1] =a la sazón=, _at the time_.

[18.2] =tendezuela=, depreciative diminutive of _tienda_.

[18.3] =bacalao=, also written _bacallao_.

[18.4] =botes=, _cans_.

[18.5] =a medio consumir=, _half consumed_. The infinitive represents progressive condition, whereas the past participle (_medio consumido_) would indicate stationary condition.

[18.6] =no se daba por ofendida=, _took no offence_.

[18.7] =maestro de primeras letras=, _primary teacher_.

[18.8] =percalina=, _percaline_, _lining-cotton_.

[18.9] =sujetos=, _fastened_.

[18.10] =hacía gala=, _displayed_, _paraded_.

[18.11] =no eran parte=, _did not avail_, _were not sufficient_. _Parte_, in this expression, has the meaning of "[sufficient] cause."

=Page 19.=--[19.1] =poco más o menos=, _or thereabout_, _approximately_.

[19.2] =sabrosos=, _pleasurable_.

=Page 20.=--[20.1] =daba remate=, _finished_.

[20.2] "=le tenía en un puño=," "_had him under her thumb_," _kept him in subjection_, lit. "held him in one fist."

[20.3] =porque... se prestase.= The use of the subjunctive after _porque_ (which ordinarily requires the indicative) shows that the reason given is rather a suggestion of the speaker's or a motive than a definite logical cause. One might translate _because_, _no doubt_,...Cf. page 114, note 2.

[20.4] =toda=, _it all_.

=Page 21.=--[21.1] =marea=, _catch_, lit. "tide."

[21.2] =A última hora=, _At the last moment_.

[21.3] =allá la señá Isabel=, _I refer you to Mrs. Elizabeth_. Cf. page 14, note 7.

[21.4] =entre dientes=, _mumbling_.

[21.5] =saltó=, _burst out_.

[21.6] =recalcando=, _emphasizing_.

[21.7] =a no encontrarse=, _a_ + inf. = an if-clause, just as _al_ + inf. = a time-clause.

[21.8] =de espaldas=, _with his back turned_.

=Page 23.=--[23.1] =justificado=, _righteous_, _upright_.

=Page 24.=--[24.1] =Nadie le conocía=, _No one knew him to have_. _Le_, dative of possession; cf. Fr. _on ne lui connaît que deux amis_.

[24.2] =muiles=, _mullet_. The word is written variously _mugil_, _mujil_, _muil_.

[24.3] =caldereta=, _fish-stew_.

[24.4] =por más que=, _although_, _however much_. _Por... que_ is a concessive conjunctive formula, followed by indicative or subjunctive according as fact or ideation is prominent. The intervening word may be noun, adjective or adverb, e.g. _por ocasión que venga_, "whatever occasion may arise," _por fuerte que fuese_, "however strong he might be," and cf. below, page 56, note 2.

=Page 25.=--[25.1] =arregla=. Present for future. Note that Elisa uses the formal, her mother the familiar mode of address.

[25.2] =se arrojó=, _ventured_.

[25.3] =mil fanegas de renta=, _1000 fanegas of income_ [_-yielding land_]. The _fanega_ is a measure of land of varying extent in different parts of Spain.

=Page 26.=--[26.1] =concejo=, _district_, subdivided into parishes (_parroquias_).

[26.2] =a él le salieron baratas=, _they stood him cheap_. _Salir_ = "to turn out."

[26.3] =Andalucía.= Southernmost and largest province of Spain.

[26.4] =¿y qué hay con eso?= _and what of that?_

[26.5] =con sorna=, _with a malicious drawl_. _Sorna_ is intentional and malicious slowness of speech or action.

[26.6] =que=, may here be rendered _only_. Cf. page 9, note 6.

[26.7] =primacía=, _superiority of rank_, _precedence_. An evident pun on _primo_, which is of course lost in translating.

[26.8] =unos petates=, =unos hidalgüelos de mala muerte=, _a lot of good-for-nothings_, _petty country gentry of small importance_, '_of no account_.' Cf. _un empleíllo de mala muerte_, "a wretched little position."

[26.9] =levantaban pendón=, _were raising their standard_.

[26.10] =tenían fundada... la horca=, _had their collegiate church founded and the gallows set up_. A collegiate church is one which, not being the seat of a bishop or archbishop, is governed by secular dignitaries and canons, and in which the divine services are celebrated as in cathedrals.

=Page 27.=--[27.1] =teniéndolo a mucho honor=, _holding it a high honor_.

[27.2] =¿Qué tienes que partir en...?= _What have you to do with...?_ lit. "share."

[27.3] =ni=. Note that _ni_ is used instead of _o_ where negation is expressed or even merely implied, as here.

[27.4] =pendejo=, _poltroon_.

[27.5] =sin dársele nada... de=, _without caring anything about_. _Dársele_ = _importarle_.

[27.6] =y hasta otra=, _and that was the end of it till the next time_. Elliptical for _hasta otra vez_.

[27.7] =tendrá ganas de irse=, _no doubt wishes to be going_. Cf. page 8, note 11.

[27.8] =avizor=, _searching_.

=Page 28.=--[28.1] =estantería=, _shelves_.

[28.2] =ojos saltones=, _goggle-eyes_.

[28.3] =lo ha olido=, _got wind of it_, _scented it out_.

[28.4] =¡Si se descuida en echar fuera al maestro!= _If she had delayed, neglected to throw the dominie out!_ We have here a present indicative substituted, to render the narration more graphic, for a plpf. subjunctive. The sentence might be completed: _el otro le pide_ (= _hubiera pedido_) _dinero_.

[28.5] =que seguía... en espera de=, _who stayed waiting for_.

[28.6] =¿gustan VV. de cenar?= It is customary in Spanish countries to offer whatever one has in the way of food, etc., to those present, but the invitation may be accepted only if repeated.

=Page 29.=--[29.1] =viene=, _suits_.

[29.2] =enreda algo=, _interferes somewhat_.

[29.3] =No te apures tanto, mujer=, _Don't worry so much, I tell you_. _Mujer_ and _hombre_ are often used as expletives in familiar address by way of emphasis or remonstrance. Cf. page 160, note 3.

[29.4] =dando las buenas noches=, _saying good-night_.

[29.5] =al tenor de=, _after the fashion of, like_.

[29.6] =Hernán-Cortés y Doña Marina=. The latter was an Indian woman, daughter of a _cacique_, but presented as a slave to Cortés, whom she greatly aided in his conquest, especially by serving him as interpreter.

[29.7] =funda de hilo=, _linen cover_. Hilo = "[linen] thread." Cf. Eng. "thread-lace," which is made of linen.

=Page 30.=--[30.1] =las cuentas todas=. Note the unusual position of _todas_, which lends emphasis.

[30.2] =No dejes de hablarle=, _Do not fail to speak to her_, i.e. of our marriage.

[30.3] =¡No es esto...!= _Isn't that right?_

[30.4] =Allá V...., yo no llevo apunte=, _I leave it to you..., I have no note of it_. _Llevar_ as a substitute for _tener_ has the sub-sense of continuation.

[30.5] =echar la cuenta=, _cast the account_.

[30.6] =dando vueltas a=, _turning over_.

[30.7] =todo él estaba=, _he was wholly_.

[30.8] =concluida que fuese la cuenta=, _when the calculation should be completed_.

[30.9] =Son=, _It is_.

=Page 31.=--[31.1] =siete cuartos=. She cheats him, but the book does not give us data for estimating the amount of his loss.

[31.2] =después de haberle chupado la sangre=, _after having 'bled' him_, lit. "sucked his blood."

=Page 32.=--[32.1] =se disponía a darla por terminada=, _gave signs of considering it at an end_.

[32.2] =a espaldas de su madre=, _behind her mother's back_.

[32.3] =un sin número=, _no end of_. The phrase _sin número_ is treated as a substantive.

[32.4] =mayormente=, _in the main_.

=Page 33.=--[33.1] =no chistaba=, _did not utter a word_.

[32.2] =¡Vaya un susto que me has dado!= _Oh, but you've given me a fright!_

[33.3] =nada=, _not at all_.

[33.4] =en mi mano=, _in my power_.

[33.5] =dar vueltas=, _rack my brains_, lit. "go about [seeking a thing without finding it]."

[33.6] =echáis a perder=, _spoil_.

[33.7] =Lo mismo tú que Elisa=, _You as well as Elisa_.

[33.8] =mañana u otro día=, _some day or other_.

=Page 34.=--[34.1] =de la parte de fuera=, _outside_.

[34.2] =soñado con=, _dreamed of_.

[34.3] =tenía tanto empeño en que la hablases=, _I was so anxious for you to speak to her_.

=Page 35.=--[35.1] =Vizcaya=, one of the three Basque provinces (Guipúzcoa, Álava, Vizcaya). Separated by the province of Santander from Asturias.

[35.2] =Santander=, province to the east of Asturias, now incorporated with Old Castile.

=Page 36.=--[36.1] =se veía y deseaba=, _worked very hard_, _had much difficulty in_.

[36.2] =a los pocos meses supo=, _a few months afterward she learned_.

=Page 37.=--[37.1] =apisonada=, _hard_, lit. "rammed," "well-packed."

[37.2] =por meterse en la vida ajena=, _for meddling with other people's affairs_.

[37.3] =cualquiera=, _any one_. Here a pron., more commonly an adj. Grammars do not note this use.

[37.4] =en su busca=, _in search of him_. Possess. adj. replaces objective genitive.

=Page 38.=--[38.1] =eran de oír=, _were worth hearing_.

[38.2] =de rapaz=, _as "boy."_

[38.3] =despavilar=, _rouse_. Also written _despabilar_. This quite frequent variation is due to the fact that _b_ and _v_ have the same phonetic values, that of a bilabial fricative generally, and that of a bilabial explosive after _m_ (and _n_ = _m_).

=Page 39.=--[39.1] =la navegación de altura=, _sailing the high seas_.

[39.2] =una chica como una plata=, _a fine girl_, lit. "[shining] like silver," i.e. neat and pretty. Cf. _valer tanto como la plata_, "to be worth one's weight in gold." But also _esa niña es de oro_.

=Page 40.=--[40.1] =alguna de esas miradas.= The grammars do not note this curious use of the singular of _alguno_ in a distributive or plural sense. It is paralleled by the Italian _alcuno_ (e.g. _c'era alcuno presente che diceva_). Cf. in Spanish the similar use of _tanto_: _al ver tanto libro_, "on seeing so many books." In English the use of "many a," "many a man," etc., is somewhat analogous.

[40.2] =nunca=, _ever_. Correlative to negative prefix in _desconfiaba_.

[40.3] =en vías de arreglo=, _in a way of being settled_. The plural is sometimes used with a force apparently singular, but more general or indefinite. Here the idea is perhaps "in one of a number of possible ways." Cf. _al fin del mes_, "at the end of the month," _a fines del mes_, "about the end of the month" (during the last days of the month?). In the conventional forms of greeting, _buenos días_, etc., the fundamental idea is, according to Foerster, _Spanische Sprachlehre_, page 275, to extend the greeting to subsequent meetings.

[40.4] =romería=, journey or _pilgrimage_ made to some sanctuary. It is mainly, however, a pleasure-trip or picnic, for when the religious duties are accomplished, the rest of the time is given over to dancing and other amusements.

=Page 41.=--[41.1] =en un principio=, _at first_.

[41.2] =hacer agua=, _leak_.

[41.3] =en último resultado=, _as a last resource_.

[41.4] =llevar a cabo=, _carry out_, lit. "bring to an end."

[41.5] =cavilaciones=, _worries_, _brooding_.

[41.6] =el Robledal=, _the Oaks_, lit. "oak-grove" or "oak-forest."

=Page 42.=--[42.1] =allí tomar.= Infinitive for imperative. This use is confined to brief directions and commands.

[42.2] =a estas horas=, _at this time_ [_of night_]. Cf. page 40, note 3.

[42.3] =con el rabillo del ojo=, _out of the corner of his eye_, lit. "with the tail of his eye."

=Page 43.=--[43.1] =con alientos.= Here the plur. seems to be merely a stronger form of the sing., or to express the sum of courage or energy: _with_ [_full_] _courage_.

[43.2] =¿Y cuánto te ha tocado de estas mareas?= _And how much has fallen to your share out of this catch?_

=Page 44.=--[44.1] =hasta mañana que=, _until tomorrow when_. _Hasta que_, used of future time, governs the subjunctive, and the insertion of _mañana_ does not change the construction.

=Page 45.=--[45.1] =esa sin vergüenza=, _that shameless woman_. Cf. page 32, note 3.

[45.2] =echándote de cebo a su hija=, _enticing you with her daughter_, lit. "throwing you her daughter as bait."

[45.3] =para darte a la postre con la puerta en los hocicos=, _only to shut the door in your face at last_. _Hocico_, properly "snout."

[45.4] =hazme reír=, _laughing-stock_. Written also as one word, _hazmerreír_. The word belongs to a somewhat limited class of compound nouns formed of phrases, cf. _quehaceres_, "occupations," _cumpleaños_, "birthday."

[45.5] =chino=, _simpleton_.

[45.6] =Soy dueño de dar... a quien me parezca=, _I am free to give what is mine to whomever I like_, lit. "I am master of giving... to whomever it seems best to me [to give it]."

[45.7] =¿Y me lo echas en cara...?= _And you twit me with it?_ lit. "and you throw it in my face?"

[45.8] =¡No me faltaba ya más que eso!= _That caps the climax_, _that's the last straw_, lit. "I lacked no more than that." Another form of the phrase is _¡Eso faltaba!_

[45.9] =al pie de las calderas=, _over the kettles_. _Al pie de_ = 1. "at the foot of," then 2. "near," "next," then 3. "about," "over."

[45.10] =andar arrastrada=, _live in misery_, lit. "go dragging along."

=Page 46.=--[46.1] =¡Anda tú...!= _Out upon you!_

[46.2] =¡Vergüenza había de darte!= _You ought to be ashamed of yourself_, lit. "it ought to give you shame." Subj. is _ello_ understood.

[46.3] =¿Verdad?= _Don't you?_ Elliptical for _no es verdad?_

=Page 47.=--[47.1] =los acontecimientos pareció que justificaban.= The logical order would be _pareció que_, etc. Such inversion, however, is common where the principal verb is in sense really an auxiliary to the second, and in such cases _que_ is often omitted.

[47.2] =cuentas galanas=, _fine calculations_, _castles in the air_. Also _cuentas alegres_.

[47.3] =o sea=, _that is to say_. The conjunction _o_, when it denotes not difference or separation, but equivalence, is sometimes strengthened by the present subjunctive of the verb _ser_. Cf. Italian _ossia_.

[47.4] =ninguna=, _none other_.

=Page 48.=--[48.1] =mañana tendremos hijos=, _before long there will be children_.

[48.2] =consentía= = _permitía_.

[48.3] =va empapada=, _is imbued_, _replete_.

[48.4] =la conocimos=, _we made her acquaintance_.

=Page 49.=--[49.1] =por la parte de tierra=, _on the land side_.

[49.2] =al cerrar el horizonte=, _where the horizon ended_. This construction, which usually marks time, here denotes place. But the idea of time is still present in the suggestion of the glance travelling over the scene. The transition is very natural.

[49.3] =la costa cantábrica.= Cantabria was a province of ancient Spain, including the north coast to the Pyrenees, Biscay and western Guipúzcoa. The Cantabrian Mts. are the coast range of northern Spain, the western continuation of the Pyrenees.

[49.4] =se esforzaba con ilusión en averiguar=, _tried fondly to discover_, i.e. "tried to give herself the illusion of discovering," "to deceive herself into believing she discovered." The same idea might be expressed by _trataba de ilusionarse en uno de ellos_.

[49.5] =sería=, _might be_. Conditional of modified statement.

[49.6] =como que=, _since indeed_.

[49.7] =campar por sus respetos=, _to act independently_. _Campar_ = "to be prominent," "take precedence."

=Page 50.=--[50.1] =ora... bien=, _now... now_, _at one time... at another_. Also _ora... ora_.

[50.2] =torcía el gesto=, _made a wry face_, lit. "twisted her face."

[50.3] =antes=, _sooner_.

[50.4] =poner de manifiesto=, _make manifest_.

[50.5] =rellena=, _full to overflowing_, _very full_.

[50.6] =arbitrando recursos=, _devising means_.

[50.7] =volver sobre=, _retract_, "_go back on_."

=Page 51.=--[51.1] =bígaros=, _small sea-snails_.

[51.2] =cuyas.= Here a substitute for _las cuales_. This construction, though objected to by grammarians, is gaining acceptance.

[51.3] =corrían=, _pursued_, _ran after_.

[51.4] =le dieran en lo vivo=, _wound him to the quick_.

[51.5] =Cayó=, _It's down_, lit. "it has fallen." Cf. page 7, note 2.

[51.6] =poner... tierra por medio=, _put distance between_ [_them_].

[51.7] =dar... en el suelo=, _fall to the ground_.

[51.8] =si bien... en ello=, _though in this case_ (_ya_) _it was men who took pleasure in it_.

=Page 52.=--[52.1] =de buena tinta=, _on good authority_, _from a good source_, lit. "ink."

[52.2] =al compás que=, _in proportion as_.