Chapter 11

expression "dank' al", which occurs in prose as well as in poetry):

Ke povu mi foj' je eterno ekdormi! Dank' al vi, mi sukcesis. (Thanks to you, I succeeded.)

THE PREFIX "EKS-".

281. The prefix "eks-" is used to form words expressing a previous incumbent of a position, or removal from such position:

eksprezidanto, ex-president. eksregxo, ex-king. eksigi, to put out of office, to discharge. eksigxi, to withdraw from one's office, to resign.

THE PREFIX "PRA-".

282. The prefix "pra-" is used to form words expressing precedence in the line of descent, or general remoteness in past time:

praavo = great grandfather. prapatroj = forefathers, ancestors. pranepo = great grandson. pratempa = primeval.

THE SUFFIXES "-CXJ-" AND "-NJ-".

283. The suffix "-cxj-" is used to form affectionate diminutives, from the first syllable or syllables of masculine names or terms of address. The suffix "-nj-" forms similar feminine diminutives:

Jocxjo = Johnnie, Joe. Manjo = May, Mamie. Pacxjo = Papa. Panjo = Mamma.

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

284. National systems of weights and measures translated into international form (as "mejlo", mile, "funto", pound) cannot convey a very definite meaning to one not familiar with the particular system used. Consequently the metric system (already used by scientists everywhere and by the general public in many countries) is adopted for the international system of weights and measures:

Length and Surface.

milimetro = millimeter (.0394 inch). centimetro = centimeter (.3937 inch). decimetro = decimeter (3.937 inches). metro = meter (39.37 inches). dekametro = dekameter (393.7 inches). hektometro = hektometer (328 feet 1 inch). kilometro = kilometer (3280 feet 10 inches; .62137 mile). kvadrata metro = square meter (1550 square inches). hektaro = hektare (2.471 acres).

Weight.

gramo = gram (15.432 grains avoirdupois). dekagramo = dekagram (.3527 ounce avoirdupois). hektogramo = hektogram (3.5274 ounce avoirdupois). kilogramo = kilogram (2.2046 pounds avoirdupois).

Capacity.

decilitro = deciliter (6.1022 cubic inches; .845 gill). litro = liter (.908 quart, dry measure; 1.0567 quart, liquid). dekalitro = dekaliter (9.08 quart, dry measure; 2.6417 gallons). hektolitro = hektoliter (2 bushels 3.35 pecks; 26.417 gallons). kilolitro = kiloliter (1.308 cubic yards; 264.17 gallons).

THE INTERNATIONAL MONEY SYSTEM.

285. Names of national coins translated into international form (as "dolaro", dollar, "cendo", cent) cannot convey a very definite meaning to persons not familiar with these coins. Consequently the system devised for international use (not for actual coins, but for calculation and price quotations) is based upon a unit called the "speso". The multiples of this unit are the "spesdeko" (10 spesoj), "spescento" (100 spesoj), and "spesmilo" (1000 spesoj). Ten spesmiloj have approximately the value of a five-dollar gold piece, twenty marks, twenty-five francs, one pound sterling, etc. The spesmilo, equivalent to about $0.4875 in the money of the United States and Canada, is the unit commonly used. (To reduce dollars to spesmiloj, multiply by 2.051.)

ABBREVIATIONS.

286. The following abbreviations are often used (for those of the metric system see any English dictionary):

Dro. = Doktoro, [Dr.] Sm. = spesmilo(j). Fino. = Frauxlino, [Miss]. Sd. = spesdeko(j). Pro. = Profesoro, [Prof.] k.t.p. = kaj tiel plu, [and so forth]. Sro. = Sinjoro, [Mr.] k.c. = kaj ceteraj, [etc.] Sino. = Sinjorino, [Mrs.] k.sim. = kaj simila(j), [et. sim.] Ko. = K-io., Kompanio, [Co.] t.e. = tio estas, [i.e.] No. = N-ro., Numero, [No.] e. = ekzemple, [e.g.] & = kaj, &. p.s. = postskribajxo, [P.S.]

VOCABULARY.

abon-i = to subscribe to, take. led-o = leather. aparat-o = apparatus. metal-o = metal. auxtomat-a = automatic. moment-o = moment. bov-o = ox. negativ-o = negative. dimensi-o = dimension. objektiv-o = lens, objective. ekzempl-o = example. original-o = original. fokus-o = focus. plat-o = plate (photographic,etc) fotograf-i = to photograph. prov-i = to try. funkci-i = to function, work. reklam-i = to advertise. kamer-o = camera. strecx-i = to stretch (trans.).

[Footnote: Cf. the difference between "provi", to try, in the sense of testing, making an essay or endeavor, "peni", to try, in the sense of taking pains or making an effort, and "jugxi", to try, in a judicial sense.]

* * * * *

PRI LA KAMERO.

Bostono, 12/XI/1910.

Brown kaj Ko., Nov-Jorko. Sinjoroj:-- Vidinte vian reklamon en gazeto al kiu mi abonas, mi skribas por peti ke vi sendu al mi priskribajxon de via kamero nomita "La Infaneto," kiun eble mi deziros provi. Bonvolu ankaux sendi dekduonon da platoj, 6 x 9 centimetrojn, por kiu mi cxi* kune sendas spesmilon kaj duonon. Kun respekto, J. C. Smith.

[Footnote: The particle "cxi" (used with "tiu, tio, ties, cxiu, cxio") may also be used with certain adverbs, as "cxi sube", "here below", "cxi supre", "here above", "cxi kune", "herewith", etc.]

* * * * *

Nov-Jorko, 18an novembro, 1910.

Kara Sinjoro:-- Respondante al via estimata letero de la 12a, ni donas cxi sube mallongan priskribajxon de nia bonega fotografilo nomita "La Infaneto." "La Infaneto" kamero havis neesperitan sukceson, kaj estas vendita po miloj da ekzempleroj. Cxie oni unuvocxe lauxdas gxian malgrandan kaj tamen bonegan konstruon, kaj ankaux gxian firman samtempe facilan funkciadon. Gxi ne estas pli granda ol monujo, tial gxi ne bezonas pli multe da spaco ol tiu, kaj povas esti portata kaj uzata treege konvene. La dimensioj de la fermita kamero estas 8 x 5 x 6.5 centimetroj. La pezo, kun objektivo, tri platingoj, kaj malbrila ("ground") vitro, estas 365 gramoj. "La Infaneto" estas konstruita tute el metalo, kaj kovrita de bonega bovledo. Kiam oni malfermas la aparaton, la objektivo samtempe enfokusigxas, tiamaniere ke la kamero estas preta por uzado post unu sekundo, cxar la objektivfermilo ("shutter") estas cxiam strecxita. Sekve: neniaj preparadoj, nenia prokrasto je la ekfotografado. La negativoj estas klaraj gxis la bordo, kaj tial konvenaj por pligrandigo. Cetere, oni scias ke bona pligrandigo ofte pli kontentigas ol malgranda originalo. Precipe cxe promenoj kaj vojagxoj oni tial volonte preferas la malgrandan "Infaneton," por poste pligrandigi la negativojn. Por la pligrandigo ni fabrikas specialajn taglum-pligrandigajn aparatojn, kies prezoj estas malaltaj (vidu en nia prezaro). Ni ne sxangxis la konstruon de "La Infaneto" de post 1909, cxar gxis nun gxi estas cxiurilate kontentiga. Sole la rapideca reguligo de la momenta ("instantaneous") fermilo estas plibonigita, cxar ni gxin fabrikas kun speciala auxtomata fermilo, kiu estas arangxita por malfermoj dauxraj ("time exposures"), kaj momentaj, je unu sekundo gxis unu centono da sekundo. Esperante ke ni baldaux ricevos mendon de vi, kaj certigante al vi ke ni tre zorge plenumos iun ajn mendon, ni restas. Tre respekte la viaj, Brown & Ko. Per C.

* * * * *

ESPERANTO-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.

The following vocabulary includes all roots used in the preceding Lessons, all primary words of the language, and a large number of additional roots (to facilitate original composition). No attempt has been made, however, to include all of the roots in the language, for which an Esperanto-English Dictionary should be consulted.

References are to sections, unless the page (p.) is given. For other parts of speech than those indicated under each root or primary word, see Word Formation, 116, 120, 159, 171. See also the references given under each prefix and suffix. For formation of compound words, see 160, 167, 176, 184. The following abbreviations are used: adj. = adjective; adv. = adverb; conj. = conjunction; intrans. = intransitive; prep. = preposition; trans. = transitive; -- = repetition of the word.

A.

abel-o = bee. abi-o = fir. abiturient-o = bachelor of arts (A.B.). abomen-a = abominable. abon-i = to subscribe to, take (magazine, etc.). abrikot-o = apricot. acer-o = maple (tree). acid-a = acid, sour. -acx- = derogatory suffix (272). acxet-i = to buy. -ad- = suffix indicating duration (218). adiaux = (adv. and interjection), farewell, good-bye (171, 273). adjektiv-o = adjective. administr-i = to administer, to manage. admir-i = to admire. admon-i = to exhort, admonish. ador-i = to worship, adore. adres-o = address (on letters, etc.). adverb-o = adverb. advokat-o = lawyer, barrister. aer-o = air. afabl-a = affable, amiable. afer-o = affair, matter, thing, cause. afisx-o = handbill, placard, poster. afrank-i = to frank (letters), prepay; --ite, post-paid. Afrik-o = Africa. ag-i = to act, perform action. agac-i = to set on edge (of teeth). agent-o = agent. agit-i = to agitate. agl-o = eagle. agoni-o = agony. agrabl-a = agreeable, pleasant. agx-o = age. ajn = (adv.), ever (236). -ajx- = (suffix forming concrete words) (227). akademi-o = academy. akcel-i = (trans.), to accelerate, hasten. akcent-o = accent, stress. akcept-i = to accept, receive, welcome. akcident-o = accident. akir-i = to acquire. akompan-i = to accompany. akr-a = sharp, acute, shrill. akrid-o = grasshopper. aks-o = axis, axle. akt-o = act (of a play). aktiv-a = active (grammatical). aktor-o = actor (player). akurat-a = accurate, exact. akuz-i = to accuse. akuzativ-o = accusative. akv-o = water. akvarel-o = water-color painting. akvari-o = aquarium. al = (prep.), to, toward (46, 160, 251, 252). alauxd-o = lark (bird). ale-o = avenue, walk, path (of garden, park, etc.). Aleksandri-o = Alexandria. Aleksandr-o = Alexander. alfabet-o = alphabet. Alfred-o = Alfred. algebr-o = algebra. ali-a = other. alk-o = elk. alkohol-o = alcohol. alkov-o = alcove, recess. almanak-o = almanac. almenaux = (adv.), at least (66). almoz-o = alms; --ulo, beggar. alt-a = high, tall. altar-o = altar. alud-i = to allude to. alumet-o = match (for fire). am-i = to love. amas-o = crowd, throng, mass. ambaux = (pronoun), both (of two objects naturally in pairs,or of persons or things assumed or already known to be thus grouped) (238). ambos-o = anvil. amel-o = starch. Amerik-o = America. amfibi-a = amphibious. amfiteatr-o = amphitheatre. amik-o = friend. amindum-i = to woo, make love. ampleks-o = extent, dimension. amuz-i = to amuse. -an- = suffix denoting membership, etc. (145). analiz-i = to analyse. ananas-o = pineapple. anas-o = duck. anekdot-o = anecdote. Angl-o = Englishman. angul-o = angle, corner. angxel-o = angel. anim-o = soul. ankaux = (adv.), also. ankoraux = (adv), still, yet. ankr-o = anchor. anonc-i = to announce. ans-o = latch, door-handle. anser-o = goose. anstataux = (prep.), instead of (98, 159). antaux = (prep.), before (89, 90, 120, 159, 160), "antaux ol" (conj.), 97, 98. antikv-a = ancient, antique. antilop-o = antelope. antipati-o = antipathy. aparat-o = apparatus. apart-a = separate. apartament-o = apartment, suite (of rooms). aparten-i = to belong. apati-o = apathy. apenaux = (adv.), scarcely, hardly. aper-i = to appear. apetit-o = appetite. aplauxd-i = to applaud. aplomb-o = assurance, self-command. apog-i = to lean, to rest (upon). apologi-o = apology, vindication. apotek-o = pharmacy, drugstore, chemist's shop. april-o = April. aprob-i = to approve. apud = (prep.), near to, close by (120, 159). -ar- = suffix forming collectives (126). Arab-o = Arab. arane-o = spider. arangx-i = to arrange. arb-o = tree. arbitraci-i = to arbitrate. ardez-o = slate (stone). aren-o = arena. arest-i = to arrest. argil-o = clay. argument-i = to argue. argxent-o = silver (metal). arhxitektur-o = architecture. Arhximed-o = Archimedes. ari-o = tune, air (music). Aristejd-o = Aristeides. aristokrat-o = aristocrat. Aristotel-o = Aristotle. aritmetik-o = arithmetic. ark-o = arc. arkad-o = arcade. arm-i = to arm. arme-o = army. armoraci-o = horse-radish. arogant-a = arrogant. arom-o = aroma, fragrance. art-o = art. artik-o = joint. artikol-o = article (grammatical or literary). Artur-o = Arthur. asekur-i = to insure (with a company). asoci-o = association (organization). asparag-o = asparagus. aspekt-o = aspect, appearance. astr-o = heavenly body, star. atak-i = to attack. atend-i = to wait, wait for, expect. atent-a = attentive. atest-i = to attest, give witness, certify. ating-i = to attain, reach. atlas-o = satin. atlet-o = athlete. atmosfer-o = atmosphere. atribut-o = attribute. aux = (conj.), or, either. auxd-i = to hear. auxgust-o = August. auxskult-i = to listen. Auxstrali-o = Australia. auxtomat-a = automatic. auxtor-o = author. auxtun-o = autumn. av-o = grandfather. avar-a = avaricious, miserly. avel-o = hazel-nut. aven-o = oats. avert-i = to warn, caution. avid-a = eager. aviz-i = to give notice. azen-o = ass, donkey. Azi-o = Asia. azot-o = nitrogen.

B.

babil-i = to chatter, babble. bagatel-o = trifle, bagatelle. bal-o = ball (dance). bak-i = to bake. bala-i = to sweep (a floor, etc.). balanc-i = (trans.), to balance, poise; --i la kapon, to nod the head. baldaux = (adv.), soon. balen-o = whale. ban-i = (trans.), to bathe. banan-o = banana. bandagx-i = to bandage. bank-o = bank (financial). bankrot-i = to become bankrupt, fail. bant-o = bow (of ribbon). bar-i = (trans.), to bar, to obstruct. barakt-i = to wrestle, struggle. barb-o = beard. barbar-o = barbarian. barel-o = barrel. bariton-o = barytone. bas-o = bass (voice). baston-o = stick. bat-i = to beat. batal-i = to fight, battle. batat-o = sweet potato. bedauxr-i = to regret. bek-o = beak, bill. bel-a = beautiful, handsome. belg-o = Belgian. ben-i = to bless. benk-o = bench. ber-o = berry. best-o = animal, beast. bet-o = beet. bezon-i = to need, want. bibliotek-o = library. bicikl-o = bicycle. bien-o = land, property, estate. bier-o = beer. bifstek-o = beefsteak. bild-o = picture, image. bilet-o = ticket, note; bank--, bank-note, bill. bird-o = bird. bis = (adv.), once more, a second time, encore. biskvit-o = biscuit. blank-a = white. blek-i = to neigh, bleat, give its cry (of any animal). blind-a = blind. blov-i = to blow. blu-a = blue (color). bluz-o = blouse. bo- = prefix expressing relationship by marriage (277). boat-o = boat. boj-i = to bark (of dogs). bol-i = (intrans.), to boil. bombon-o = bonbon, sweet. bon-a = good; --veni, to welcome. bor-i = to bore (holes). bord-o = shore, bank, edge (of rivers, etc.). Boston-o = Boston. bot-o = boot. botel-o = bottle. bov-o = ox; --ajxo, beef; --idajxo, veal; --viro, bull. brak-o = arm (of the body). brancx-o = branch, bough. brand-o = brandy. brasik-o = cabbage; (florbrasiko), cauliflower. brav-a = brave. bret-o = shelf, bracket. brid-o = bridle (of harness). brik-o = brick, tile. bril-i = to shine (116). Brit-o = Briton. brod-i = to embroider. bronz-o = bronze. bros-i = to brush. brosxur-o = pamphlet, brochure. brov-o = eyebrow. bru-o = noise. brul-i = (intrans.), to burn (275). brun-a = brown. brut-o = cattle, dumb animal. bub-o = street arab, gamin. bucx-i = to slaughter, butcher. buf-o = toad. buk-o = buckle (metal). buked-o = bouquet. bukl-o = curl, ringlet (of hair). bulb-o = onion, bulb. bulgar-o = Bulgarian. bulk-o = roll (bread). bulvard-o = boulevard. burgxon-o = bud, young shoot. busx-o = mouth. buter-o = butter. butik-o = shop, store. buton-o = button.

C.

cel-i = to aim, have as purpose or goal. celeri-o = celery. cend-o = cent (coin). cent = hundred (142). centigram-o = centigram (284). centilitr-o = centiliter (284). centimetr-o = centimeter (284). centr-o = center. cerb-o = brain. cert-a = certain, sure. cerv-o = stag, deer. ceter-a = remaining. ci = (pronoun), thou (40). cidoni-o = quince. cifer-o = cipher. cigar-o = cigar. cigared-o = cigarette. cign-o = swan. cilindr-o = cylinder. cinam-o = cinnamon. cindr-o = ashes. cir-o = blacking (for shoes). cirkonstanc-o = circumstance. cirkuler-o = circular (letter). Cirus-o = Cyrus. cit-i = to quote. citron-o = lemon. civiliz-i = to civilize. col-o = inch (measure).

CX.

cxagren-i = (trans.), to grieve, vex, annoy. cxambr-o = room. cxap-o = cap. cxapel-o = hat. cxapitr-o = chapter (of book). cxar = (conj.), because, since (83). cxarm-a = charming, delightful. cxarnir-o = hinge. cxas-i = to hunt (game or wild animals). cxe = (prep.), at, in the house or presence of (125, 160). cxef-a = chief, principal, head. cxek-o = cheque. cxemiz-o = shirt, chemise. cxen-o = chain (for watch, etc.). cxeriz-o = cherry. cxes-i = (intrans.), to cease, leave off (275). cxeval-o = horse; --viro, stallion. cxi = (adv.), expresses proximity (60, 66). cxia = of every kind (177). cxial = (adv.), for every reason (188). cxiam = (adv.), always (187). cxie = (adv.), everywhere (182). cxiel = (adv.), in every way (193). cxiel-o = heaven, sky. cxies = (pronoun, possessive), everybody's (174). cxifon-o = rag. cxio = (pronoun), everything, all (233). cxiom = (adv.), all (194). cxirkaux = (prep.), around, roundabout (89, 120, 159, 160). cxiu = (pronoun and adj.), every one, each (173). -cxj- = suffix forming affectionate diminutives (283). cxokolad-o = chocolate. cxu = (adv.), whether (when translated) (30, 66).

D.

da = (prep.), of (after quantitative noun or adv.) (99, 101, 103). daktil-o = date (fruit). Damokl-o = Damocles. dan-o = Dane. danc-i = to dance. dangxer-o = danger. dank-i = to thank. dat-o = date (chronological). dauxr-i = (intrans.), to continue, last. de = (prep.), of, from, by (49, 89, l00, 160, 169, 170). dec-i = to be proper, decent; "ne decas ke vi iru", it is not proper for you to go. decembr-o = December. decid-i = to decide. decigram-o = decigram (284). decilitr-o = deciliter (284). decimetr-o = decimeter (284). defend-i = to defend. degel-i = (intrans.), to thaw (275). dejxor-i = to be on duty (of officer, attendant, etc.). dek = (adj.), ten (136). dekagram-o = dekagram (284). dekalitr-o = dekaliter (284). dekametr-o = dekameter (284). deklam-i = to declaim, recite. dekstr-a = right (not left). deleg-i = to delegate. delikat-a = delicate, dainty, nice. demand-i = to ask, inquire. dens-a = dense, thick, close. dent-o = tooth. depesx-o = a dispatch. des = (adv.), the more (used with "pli", 84). desert-o = dessert. detal-o = detail. detru-i = to destroy. dev-i = to have to, must (247). dezert-o = desert, waste. dezir-i = to desire. Di-o = God. diamant-o = diamond. difekt-i = to damage, spoil. diferenc-a = different. difin-i = to define, to destine. dik-a = thick, corpulent. dikt-i = to dictate (letters, etc.) diligent-a = diligent. dimancx-o = Sunday. dimensi-o = dimension. Diogen-o = Diogenes. diplom-o = diploma. diplomat-o = diplomat. dir-i = to say (77). direkt-i = to direct, guide, manage. dis- = prefix expressing separation (245). diskut-i = to discuss. distanc-o = distance. disting-i = to distinguish. distr-i = to distract, take away the attention. diven-i = to guess. divers-a = varied, diverse, different. divid-i = (trans.), to divide. do = consequently, then, so. doktor-o = doctor. dolar-o = dollar. dolcx-a = sweet, pleasant. dolor-o = pain, ache. dom-o = house. domagx-o = pity, regrettable affair. don-i = to give. donac-i = to make a gift, present. dorlot-i = to caress, fondle, pet. dorm-i = to sleep. dorn-o = thorn. dors-o = back (of the body). dot-i = to endow. drap-o = cloth. drog-o = drug. dron-i = (intrans.), to drown (275). du = (adj.), two (136) dub-i = to doubt. dum = (prep and conj.), during, while (96, 120, 159). dung-i = (trans.), to hire (persons).

E.

eben-a = even, flat, level. -ebl- = suffix expressing possibility (161, 162). ebri-a = inebriate, intoxicated. -ec- = suffix forming abstracts (202). ecx = (adv.), even. eduk-i = to bring up, educate. edz-o = husband, married man. efekt-o = effect. efektiv-a = real, actual. efik-i = to be efficacious, act (on), produce a result. -eg- = suffix forming augmentatives (122). egal-a = equal. Egipt-o = Egypt. ehx-o = echo. -ej- = suffix forming words indicating place (III). ek- = prefix expressing suddenness or beginning (206). eks- = prefix expressing former incumbency (281). ekscit-i = to excite. eksperiment-i = to experiment. eksplod-i = (intrans.), to explode. ekster = (prep.), outside of (120, 121). ekzamen-i = to examine, test. ekzempl-o = example. ekzempler-o = copy (of book or magazine). ekzerc-i = (trans.), to exercise. ekzil-i = to exile, banish ekzist-i = to exist. el = (prep.), out of, of, out (75, 106, 138, 197, 264, c). elekt-i = to choose. elektr-a = electric. elokvent-a = eloquent. -em- = suffix expressing propensity or inclination (192). eminent-a = eminent. en = (prep.), in (89,160), into (46). energi-o = energy. entrepren-i = to undertake. entuziasm-o = enthusiasm. enu-i = to be wearied, be bored. envi-i = to envy. epok-o = epoch, period, time. -er- = suffix expressing a component part (276). erar-i = to err, make a mistake. escept-i = to except (266). esper-i = to hope. esplor-i = to investigate, explore. esprim-i = to express. est-i = to be (109). establ-i = to establish. estim-i = to esteem. esting-i = to extinguish. -estr- = suffix expressing leadership or authority (253). -et- = suffix forming diminutives (198). etagx-o = story (of a house); teretagxo, ground floor; unua etagxo, second story. etend-i = (trans.), to extend, lengthen, widen. etern-a = eternal. Euxrop-o = Europe. evangeli-o = gospel, evangel. evit-i = to avoid, shun. evoluci-o = evolution.

F.

fab-o = bean (leguminous fruit). fabel-o = story, tale. fabl-o = fable. fabrik-i = to manufacture. facil-a = easy. faden-o = thread. fajf-i = to whistle. fajr-o = fire. fak-o = department, specialty. fakt-o = fact. fal-i = to fall. fald-i = to fold. fals-i = to falsify, forge, debase. fam-o = fame, renown, rumor. famili-o = family. familiar-a = familiar, accustomed. fand-i = (trans.), to smelt, fuse (metals, etc.). fanfaron-i = to boast, vaunt oneself, brag. fantom-o = phantom, ghost. far-i = to make, do, render. faraon-o = pharaoh (Egyptian ruler). farm-i = to farm (as a tenant). farmaci-o = pharmacy (knowledge of the use of drugs). fart-i = to be in (good or bad) health. farun-o = flour. fask-o = bundle, bunch. fason-o = cut, mode, fashion. fatal-a = fatal, predestined. fauxk-o = jaw (literal and figurative). favor-a = favorable. fazeol-o = bean (garden bean). fe-o = fairy, fay; --ino, fairy. febr-o = fever. februar-o = February. fel-o = skin, hide (of animals). felicx-a = happy. femur-o = thigh. fend-i = (trans.), to split. fenestr-o = window. fer-o = iron; --vojo, railway. ferdek-o = deck (of ship). ferm-i = (trans.), to close, shut. fervor-o = zeal, fervor. fest-i = to celebrate. festen-o = banquet. fi = (interjection), fie! (273). fiakr-o = cab. fiancx-o = betrothed man, fiance. fid-i = to rely upon, trust. fidel-a = faithful, loyal. fier-a = proud, haughty. fil-o = son. filozof-o = philosopher. fin-i = (trans.), to finish, end. fingr-o = finger; "dika fingro", thumb; "montra fingro", index finger; "longa fingro", middle finger; "ringa fingro", ring-finger; "malgranda fingro", little finger. firm-a = firm, steady. fisx-o = fish. fizik-o = physics, physical science. flag-o = flag, banner, small standard. flank-o = side. flar-i = (trans.), to smell, scent. flav-a = yellow. fleks-i = (trans.), to bend, flex. flik-i = to patch. flor-o = flower (116). flu-i = to flow. flug-i = to fly. fluid-a = fluid, liquid. foj-o = time, occasion (127). fojn-o = hay. fokus-o = focus. foli-o = leaf. fond-i = to found, establish. font-o = spring (of water), fount. fontan-o = fountain (artificial). for = (adv.), away (71). forges-i = to forget. fork-o = fork. form-o = shape, form. formik-o = ant. forn-o = stove. fort-a = strong. fos-i = to dig. fotograf-i = to photograph frag-o = strawberry. frak-o = evening dress (for men). frakas-i = to shatter, break to pieces. framb-o = raspberry. franc-o = Frenchman. frand-i = to be fond of sweets, be an epicure. frangx-o = fringe. frap-i = to knock, strike. frat-o = brother. frauxl-o = bachelor, unmarried man. fraz-o = sentence, phrase. Frederik-o = Frederick. fremd-a = foreign. frenez-a = crazy, mad. fresx-a = fresh, new. fripon-o = rogue, rascal, knave. frit-i = (trans.), to fry. fromagx-o = cheese. frost-o = frost. frot-i = to rub. fru-a = early. frukt-o = fruit. frunt-o = forehead. fulm-o = lightning. fum-i = to smoke. fund-o = bottom. fundament-o = foundation, base. funebr-o = mourning. fung-o = mushroom. funkci-i = to function, work. funt-o = pound. furioz-a = furious, raging. fusx-i = to bungle. fut-o = foot (measure).

G.

gaj-a = gay, merry. gajn-i = to gain. galeri-o = gallery. galop-i = to gallop. gant-o = glove. gard-i = to guard, watch over. gas-o = gas. gast-o = guest. gazet-o = gazette, magazine. ge- = prefix indicating both sexes together (271). general-o = general (military). genu-o = knee; --fleksi, to kneel. geometri-o = geometry. german-o = German. Gertrud-o = Gertrude. gicxet-o = wicket, ticket-window, turnstile. girland-o = garland, wreath. glaci-o = ice; --ajxo, an ice (food). glad-i = to iron (linen, etc.). glas-o = tumbler, glass. glat-a = smooth, polished, flat. glav-o = sword. glit-i = to glide, slide. glob-o = globe. glor-o = glory. glu-o = glue. glut-i = to swallow. gorgx-o = throat. graci-a = graceful. grad-o = grade, degree. graf-o = count; --lando, county. gram-o = gram (284). gramatik-o = grammar. grand-a = great, large, big. gras-o = fat. gratul-i = to congratulate. grav-a = important, serious, grave. gravit-i = to gravitate. grek-o = Greek. gren-o = grain (wheat, corn, etc.). grimp-i = to climb up, creep up. grinc-i = to grind, gnash. griz-a = gray. grup-o = group. gurd-o = hurdy-gurdy, barrel organ. gust-o = taste. gut-i = to drip. gvid-i = to guide.

GX.

gxarden-o = garden. gxem-i = to groan. gxen-i = to disturb, incommode. gxeneral-a = general, common. gxentil-a = courteous, polite. gxi = (pronoun), it (32, 37, 42, 274). gxis = (prep.), as far as, until (46, 89). gxoj-i = to rejoice, be glad (116). gxu-i = to enjoy, find pleasure in. gxust-a = exact, just.

H.

hajl-o = hail (frozen rain). hak-i = to chop, hack; --ilo, axe. halt-i = (intrans.), to halt, stop. har-o = a hair. hauxt-o = skin (human). hav-i = to have. haven-o = harbor, port. hazard-o = chance, hazard. hebre-o = Hebrew. hejm-o = home. hejt-i = (trans.), to heat (a place). hektar-o = hektare (284). hektogram-o = hektogram (284). hektolitr-o = hektoliter (284). hektometr-o = hektometer (284). hel-a = bright, clear. help-i = to help, aid, assist. herb-o = grass, herb. hero-o = hero. hezit-i = to hesitate. hieraux = (adv.), yesterday (93, 171). Hieron-o = Hiero. hipokrit-i = to play the hypocrite. hirund-o = swallow (bird). hispan-o = Spaniard. histori-o = history. ho = (interjection), ho, oh (273). hodiaux = (adv.), today (93, 171). Holand-o = Holland. hom-o = human being. honest-a = honest. honor-i = to honor. hont-i = to be ashamed. hor-o = hour (185). horizont-o = horizon. horizontal-a = horizontal. horlogx-o = clock; posxhorlogxo, watch. hotel-o = hotel. humil-a = humble. humor-o = humor, temper. hund-o = dog. hura! = (interjection), hurrah!

HX.

hxemi-o = chemistry. hxin-o = Chinaman. hxor-o = choir.

I.

ia = any kind of (208). ial = (adv.), for any reason (213). iam = (adv.), ever, at any time, once (212). -id- = suffix indicating descendant or young of (207). ide-o = idea. ideal-o = ideal. ident-a = identical. idiom-o = idiom. idiot-o = idiot. ie = (adv.), somewhere (209). iel = (adv.), somehow (216). ies = (pronoun, possessive), somebody's (204). -ig- = suffix forming causative verbs (214, 239, 275). ignor-i = to ignore. -igx- = suffix forming inchoative and intransitive verbs (232, 239, 279). -il- = suffix forming names of instruments (63). ili = (pronoun) they (32, 37, 42). ilustr-i = to illustrate. iluzi-o = illusion, delusion. imag-i = to imagine, fancy. imit-i = to imitate. imperi-o = empire. implik-i = to implicate. impost-o = tax, impost. impres-i = to impress. impuls-o = impulse. -in- = suffix forming feminines (59). incit-i = to incite, arouse, provoke. -ind- = suffix expressing worth or merit (154). indian-o = Indian (American). indiferent-a = indifferent, unconcerned, unimportant. industri-o = industry (trade, business). infan-o = child. infekt-i = to infect, contaminate. influ-i = to influence. inform-i = to give information. -ing- = suffix expressing a holder or container (237). ingxenier-o = engineer. ink-o = ink. insekt-o = insect. insist-i = to insist. inspir-i = to inspire. instru-i = to instruct, teach. insul-o = island. insult-i = to insult. inteligent-a = intelligent. intend-i = to intend. inter = (prep.), between, among (85, 89, 160). interes-i = (trans.), to interest. intermit-i = to be intermittent. intern-a = internal; --e, inside. interpret-i = to interpret. intim-a = intimate. invit-i = to invite. io = (pronoun), something (233). iom = (adv.), some, a certain amount; iom post iom, little by little (217). ir-i = to go. -ist- = suffix indicating profession, etc. (172). ital-o = Italian. iu = (pronoun), some one, a certain (one) (203).

J.

ja = (adv.), indeed, in fact (215). jak-o = jacket, short coat. jam = (adv.), already. januar-o = January. jar-o = year. je = prep. of indefinite meaning (89, 185, 260). jen = (adv.), there, behold (228). jes = (adv.), yes (171). Jesu-o = Jesus. Johano = John. ju = (adv.), the more (used with "pli", 84). jug-o = yoke. jugx-i = to judge. juli-o = July. jun-a = young. jung-i = to harness. juni-o = June. jup-o = skirt. jurist-o = jurist. just-a = just, upright. juvel-o = jewel.

JX.

jxaluz-a = jealous. jxauxd-o = Thursday. jxet-i = to throw, cast, hurl. jxongl-i = to juggle. jxur-i = to take oath, swear. jxurnal-o = newspaper, journal. jxus = (adv.), a moment before, just.

K.

kadavr-o = corpse. kadr-o = frame (of pictures). kaduk-a = decaying, in ruin. kaf-o = coffee. kagx-o = cage. kahel-o = tile (for paving). kaj = (conj.), and; kaj..kaj.., both..and.. (26). kajer-o = notebook. kaldron-o = caldron. kalendar-o = calendar. kalesx-o = carriage. kalkan-o = heel (of the foot); --umo, heel of a shoe. kalkul-i = to calculate, reckon. kamel-o = camel. kamen-o = chimney. kamer-o = camera. kamp-o = field. kanajl-o = scoundrel, rascal. kanap-o = sofa. kand-o = candy. kandel-o = candle. kanot-o = canoe. kant-i = to sing. kap-o = head. kapabl-a = capable. kapel-o = chapel (for prayer). kapital-o = capital (money). kapitol-o = capitol. kapt-i = to catch, seize. kar-a = dear, prized. karakter-o = character. karb-o = coal. karcer-o = jail. kares-i = to caress. karn-o = flesh. karot-o = carrot. kart-o = card; posxtkarto, postcard; vizitkarto, visiting card. karton-o = pasteboard. karusel-o = merry-go-round. kas-o = money-box, treasury; --isto, cashier, treasurer. kaskad-o = waterfall, cascade. kastel-o = castle. kasx-i = to hide, conceal (252). kasxtan-o = chestnut. kat-o = cat. katen-o = fetter, chain. kauxz-o = cause. kav-o = cavity, hole. kaz-o = case (grammatical). ke = (conj.), that (53, 83, 105, 259, 262). kel-o = cellar. kelk-a = some; --aj, several, more than one or two. kelner-o = waiter (in hotel or restaurant). kest-o = chest; tirkesto, drawer. kia = what kind of (112, 150); kiamanier-e, how. kial = (adv.), why (129). kiam = (adv.), when (123, 155). kie = (adv.), where (118, 151). kiel = (adv.), how, in which way, as (134, 156). kies = (pronoun, possessive), whose (107, 147). kilogram-o = kilogram (284). kilolitr-o = kiloliter (284). kilometr-o = kilometer (284). kio = (pronoun), what (233). kiom = (adv.), how much (140, 164, 185). kis-i = to kiss. kiu = (pronoun), who (106, 146). klak-i = (trans.), to clap, clatter. klar-a = clear, distinct. klav-o = key (of piano, etc.). klas-o = class. kler-a = enlightened, well-in-formed. klimat-o = climate. klin-i = (trans.), to incline, bend. kling-o = blade (of knife, etc.). klopod-i = to undertake initiative work, take steps toward, labor for the success or completion of something. klub-o = club (organization) knab-o = boy. kobold-o = sprite, kobold, brownie. kofr-o = trunk, chest with a lid. kok-o = cock (domestic fowl). koket-a = coquettish. koks-o = hip. kol-o = neck. kolbas-o = sausage. kolegi-o = college. kolekt-i = (trans.), to collect, gather. koler-i = to be angry, lose the temper. kolomb-o = pigeon, dove. kolon-o = column, pillar. kolonel-o = colonel. kolor-o = color. kolport-i = to peddle. komand-i = to command (military and naval). komb-i = to comb. komedi-o = comedy. komenc-i = (trans.), to begin, commence. komerc-i = to trade, engage in commerce. komfort-o = comfort (freedom from pain, want, etc.). komisi-i = to entrust with, put in charge of, give the agency for. komitat-o = committee. komiz-o = clerk, employee, assistant. kompani-o = company (commercial organization). kompar-i = (trans.) to compare, (266). kompat-i = to pity, have compassion for. komplet-o = suit (of clothes). komplez-o = kindness, courtesy, disposition to oblige. komplik-i = to complicate. kompost-i = to compose, set (type); --isto, compositor. kompot-o = jam, preserve, kompren-i = to understand. komun-a = common, mutual. komunik-i = to communicate. kon-i = to be acquainted with, know; --atigxi kun, to become acquainted with (117). koncern-i = to concern (266). koncert-o = concert (musical). kondamn-i = to condemn. kondicx-o = terms specified, stipulation, condition. konduk-i = to conduct, lead. konduktor-o = conductor (of car, train, etc.). kondut-i = to behave, conduct oneself. konfes-i = to confess, admit. konfid-i = to trust, have confidence in. konfit-i = to preserve, pickle (fruits, etc.). konform-i = to be in conformity with (266). konfuz-i = to confuse, confound. kongres-o = congress (assembly). konk-o = shell (of mollusk, etc.). konkur-i = to vie, compete. konkurenc-o = competition (in business, etc.). konkurs-o = prearranged trial of skill, formal competition (for prizes, etc.). konsci-i = to be conscious. konscienc-o = conscience. konsent-i = to consent, agree. konserv-i = to keep, preserve, save. konservativ-a = conservative. konsil-i = to advise, counsel. konsist-i = to consist. konsol-i = to console, comfort. konsonant-o = consonant. konspir-i = to conspire, plot. konstant-a = constant. konstat-i = to verify, ascertain the truth of, certify. konstituci-o = constitution. konstru-i = to build. konsul-o = consul. konsult-i = to seek advice of, consult. kont-o = account (book-keeping, commercial). kontent-a = content, satisfied. kontinent-o = continent (geographical). kontrakt-i = to contract, agree. kontralt-o = contralto. kontraux = (prep.), against, opposite, opposed to (159, 160). kontrol-i = to control, inspect, examine and check. kontur-o = outline, contour. kontuz-i = to bruise. konven-i = to be suitable, be fitting or convenient. konvink-i = to convince, persuade. kopi-i = to copy. kor-o = heart (of the body). korb-o = basket. korekt-i = to correct. korespond-i = to exchange letters, correspond. koridor-o = corridor, passage. kork-o = cork (bark). korn-o = horn. korp-o = body, --a, corporeal. korpus-o = corps (military). kort-o = courtyard, court. kortego = court (royal, etc.). korv-o = raven. kost-i = to cost. kostum-o = costume. kot-o = mud. kotiz-i = to pay dues, pay one's share of an assessment. kotlet-o = cutlet, chop. koton-o = cotton. kov-i = to brood (of birds). kovert-o = envelope kovr-i = to cover. krab-o = crab. krad-o = grating, grate, lattice. krajon-o = pencil. krak-i = to clack, crackle. kran-o = faucet, tap. kravat-o = cravat. kre-i = to create. kred-i = to believe (265). krem-o = cream. krepusk-o = twilight, half-light of dawn or evening. kresk-i = to grow. krestomati-o = chrestomathy, collection of selected passages. kret-o = chalk. krev-i = (intrans.), to burst, crack open (suddenly and with noise). kri-i = to cry out. kribr-i = to sift (with a sieve). krim-o = crime. kring-o = ring-shaped biscuit. kripl-a = crippled. Krist-o = Christ. kritik-i = to criticise. krocx-i = to hook. krom = (prep.), beside, aside from, except, save, but. kron-o = crown. kruc-o = cross; --umi, to crucify. krucx-o = pitcher, jug; tekrucxo, tea-pot. kruel-a = cruel. krur-o = leg. krust-o = crust. krut-a = steep. kubut-o = elbow. kudr-i = to sew. kugl-o = bullet. kuir-i = to cook. kuk-o = cake; --ajxo, pastry. kukum-o = cucumber. kukurb-o = pumpkin. kuler-o = spoon. kulp-a = guilty. kultur-i = to cultivate; terkulturi, to till the soil, farm. kun = (prep.), with (70, 76, 120, 160, 159). kunikl-o = rabbit. kupon-o = coupon. kupr-o = copper (metal). kur-i = to run. kurac-i = to treat for illness, cure; --ato, a patient; --isto, a physician, medical man. kuragx-o = courage. kurb-o = curve. kurioz-a = uncommon, curious. kurs-o = course (of lessons). kurten-o = curtain. kusen-o = cushion. kusx-i = to lie, recline (239). kutim-o = custom, habit. kuv-o = tub, large basin. kuz-o = cousin. kvadrat-o = square (equilateral rectangle). kvalit-o = quality, texture. kvankam = (conj.), though, although, while (concessive). kvant-o = quantity, amount. kvar = (adj.), four (136). kvartal-o = quarter (of a city). kvazaux = (conj.), as though, as if (250). kverk-o = oak. kviet-a = calm, quiet. kvin = (adj.), five (136). kvitanc-o = receipt (for payment).

L.

la = (article), the (II, 47, 201, 280, a). labor-i = to work, labor. lac-a = tired, weary. lacx-o = string, lace (of shoe, etc.). lad-o = tin plate (sheet iron covered with tin). lag-o = lake. lakt-o = milk. laktuk-o = lettuce. lam-a = lame. lamp-o = lamp. lan-o = wool. lanc-o = lance, spear. land-o = land, country. lang-o = tongue (of the body). lantern-o = lantern. lanug-o = down (hairs, feathers). lard-o = bacon. largx-a = wide, broad. larm-o = tear (of the eye). las-i = (trans.), to leave, let, permit. last-a = last (in a series). latin-a = Latin. laux = (prep.), in accordance with, along, by (191). lauxb-o = arbor, summer-house. lauxd-i = to praise. lauxt-a = loud. lav-i = to wash. lecion-o = lesson. led-o = leather. leg-i = to read. legom-o = vegetable. legx-o = law. lek-i = to lick. leon-o = lion. lepor-o = hare. lern-i = to learn. lert-a = clever, skilful. leter-o = letter (epistle). lev-i = to raise, lift. li = (pronoun), he, him (32, 37, 42). liber-a = free. libr-o = book. lig-i = to tie, bind, fasten; --ilo, bond; that which ties or fastens; --ajxo, knot; --o, league, alliance. lign-o = wood. lim-o = limit, boundary. limonad-o = lemonade. lingv-o = language. lini-o = line; --ilo, ruler. lip-o = lip; --haroj, moustache. lit-o = bed (for sleeping). liter-o = letter of the alphabet; lauxlitera, literal. literatur-o = literature. litr-o = liter (284). liver-i = to deliver, supply, furnish. log-i = to allure. logx-i = to dwell, reside (133). lok-o = place; --a, local. lokomotiv-o = locomotive. long-a = long. lonicer-o = honeysuckle. lorn-o = telescope, spyglass; --eto, opera-glasses. lu-i = to hire, rent (engage and pay rent for). lud-i = to play. luks-o = luxury. lul-i = to lull to sleep; --ilo, cradle. lum-i = to shine (275). lun-o = moon. lunatik-o = lunatic. lund-o = Monday. lup-o = wolf.

M.

macx-i = to chew, masticate. magazen-o = warehouse. magi-o = magic. magistr-o = master of arts (A.M.). maiz-o = maize, Indian corn. maj-o = May. majest-a = majestic. majones-a = mayonnaise. majstr-o = master (of his art or profession). makaroni-o = macaroni. maksimum-o = maximum. makul-o = spot, stain. makzel-o = jaw; --osto, jawbone. mal- = prefix forming opposites (67). maleol-o = ankle. malgraux = (prep.), notwithstanding. malic-a = malicious. man-o = hand. mandat-o = money-order. mangx-i = to eat. manier-o = manner, way. manik-o = sleeve. mank-i = (intrans.), to be lacking, wanting. mantel-o = cloak, mantle. manuskript-o = manuscript. mar-o = sea. marcx-o = swamp, marsh. mard-o = Tuesday. Mari-o = Mary. mark-o = mark. marmelad-o = marmalade. marmor-o = marble (stone), marsx-i = to walk. mart-o = March. martel-o = hammer. mastr-o = master (of a house, etc.) masxin-o = machine. maten-o = morning (93). material-o = material. matur-a = ripe, mature. mebl-o = piece of furniture. medicin-o = medicine (the science). mehxanik-o = mechanics. mejl-o = mile. meleagr-o = turkey. melk-i = to milk. melodi-o = melody. melon-o = melon. mem = (pronoun), self, selves (219). membr-o = limb, member. memor-i = to remember, keep in mind; rememori, to recall to memory. mend-i = to order (of a store, etc.). mensog-i = to lie, tell lies. menton-o = chin. menu-o = menu. merit-i = to deserve, merit. merkred-o = Wednesday. merl-o = blackbird. met-i = to put, place. metal-o = metal. meti-o = trade, handicraft. metod-o = method, way. metr-o = meter (284). mez-o = middle. mezur-i = to measure. mi = (pronoun), I, me (32, 37). miel-o = honey. mien-o = appearance, mien. miks-i = (trans.), to mix. mil = (adj.), thousand (142). mild-a = mild. milimetr-o = millimeter (284). milion-o = million. milit-i = to fight, wage war. min-o = mine (of coal, silver, etc.). minac-i = to threaten. mineral-o = mineral. minimum-o = minimum. ministr-o = minister (political). minut-o = minute. miop-a = shortsighted. mir-i = to wonder. mister-o = mystery. mizer-o = misery. mod-o = mode, fashion. model-o = model. moder-a = moderate. modest-a = modest. mok-i = to mock. mol-a = soft. moment-o = moment; --a, momentary, instantaneous. mon-o = money. monahx-o = monk. monarhxi-o = monarch. monat-o = month. mond-o = world. mont-o = mountain. montr-i = (trans.), to show. mor-o = conduct (in regard to right or wrong); --oj, morals. moral-a = moral; --eco, morality. mord-i = to bite. morgaux = (adv.), tomorrow (171). mort-i = to die; --igi, to kill. mosxt-o = title of respect (258). mov-i = (trans.), to move, put in motion. muel-o = mill (for grinding). mugx-i = to roar, bellow. mult-a = much (81). mur-o = wall. murmur-i = to murmur. mus-o = mouse. mustard-o = mustard. musx-o = fly. mut-a = dumb, mute. muze-o = museum. muzik-o = music.

N.

naci-o = nation. nagx-i = to swim. naiv-a = artless, naive, ingenuous. najbar-o = neighbor. najl-o = nail (of metal). nap-o = turnip. nask-i = to produce, bring forth, give birth to. natur-o = nature. naux = (adj.), nine (136). naz-o = nose. ne = (adv.), no, not (27, 66, a, 171). nebul-o = fog, mist. neces-a = necessary. negativ-o = negative (photographic). negx-o = snow. nek = (negative conj.), neither, nor (31). nenia = no kind of (224). nenial = (adv.), for no reason (229). neniam = (adv.), never (226). nenie = (adv.), nowhere (225). neniel = (adv.), in no way (230). nenies = (pronoun, possessive), nobody's (221). nenio = (pronoun), nothing (233). neniom = (adv.), none, not any (231). neniu = (pronoun), no one, nobody, no (220). nep-o = grandson. nepr-e = inevitably, certainly, unfailingly. nerv-o = nerve. nest-o = nest. neuxtral-a = neutral, non-partisan. nev-o = nephew. ni = (pronoun), we, us (32, 37). nigr-a = black. nivel-o = level. -nj- = suffix forming affectionate diminutives (283). nobel-o = nobleman. nobl-a = noble (in character). nokt-o = night. nom-o = name; --i, to name, mention. nombr-o = number (quantity). nord-o = north. norveg-o = Norwegian. nostalgi-o = homesickness. not-o = note. nov-a = new, recent, novel; denove, anew, again. novembr-o = November. nu = (interjection), well! (273). nuanc-o = shade, tint, hue. nub-o = cloud. nud-a = bare, naked, nude. nuks-o = nut. nul-o = zero, naught. numer-o = number, numeral (No.). nun = (adv.), now (171). nur = (adv.), merely, only. nutr-i = to nourish, to feed.

O.

obe-i = to obey (265). objekt-o = object, thing. objektiv-o = lens, objective. -obl- = suffix forming multiples (186). oblikv-a = oblique, slanting. observ-i = to observe, take note of. obstin-a = obstinate. ocean-o = ocean. odor-i = to smell (good or bad). ofend-i = to offend. ofer-i = to sacrifice, offer. ofic-o = office, employment; --isto, officer (of firm or organization); --ejo, office (the place). oficial-a = official. oficir-o = officer (military or naval). oft-a = frequent. ok = (adj.), eight (136). okaz-i = to happen, occur, take place. okcident-o = west. oktobr-o = October. okul-o = eye. okup-i = to occupy. ol = (conj.), than (82, 97, 98). ole-o = oil. oliv-o = olive. ombr-o = shadow, shade. ombrel-o = umbrella. -on- = suffix forming fractions (166). ond-o = wave. oni = (pronoun), one, they (54). onkl-o = uncle. -op- = suffix forming collective numerals (261). oper-o = opera. opini-i = to have the opinion, think. oportun-a = handy, convenient, opportune. or-o = gold. orangx-o = orange (fruit). ord-o = order (methodical or proper arrangement). ordinar-a = ordinary; eksterordinara, extraordinary. ordon-i = to order, bid, command. orel-o = ear (of the body). orf-o = orphan. organ-o = organ (physical). organiz-i = to organize. orgen-o = organ, (musical instrument). orient-o = east. original-o = original. orkestr-o = orchestra. ornam-i = to ornament, adorn. ort-a = right-angled. osced-i = to gape, yawn. ost-o = bone. ostr-o = oyster. ostracism-o = ostracism. ov-o = egg.

P.

pac-o = peace. pacienc-o = patience. padel-i = to paddle. paf-i = to shoot (with gun, etc.). pag-i = to pay. pagx-o = page (of a book, etc.). pajl-o = straw. pak-i = to pack. pal-a = pale. palac-o = palace. palis-o = stake; --aro, palisade. palp-i = to feel (with the fingers, etc.); --ado, touch (the sense). palpebr-o = eyelid. pan-o = bread. pantalon-o = trousers. pantofl-o = slipper. paper-o = paper (material). papili-o = butterfly. par-o = pair. paradiz-o = paradise. paragraf-o = paragraph. paralel-a = parallel. pardon-i = to forgive, pardon (265). parenc-o = relative (person). parfum-o = perfume. park-o = park. parker-e = by rote, by heart, from memory. parol-i = to speak (77). part-o = part, share. particip-o = participle. pas-i = (intrans.), to pass. pasagxer-o = passenger. paser-o = sparrow. pasi-o = passion. pasiv-a = passive. Pask-o = Easter. pastecx-o = patty, small pie. pastinak-o = parsnip. pastr-o = pastor, clergyman, priest. pasx-i = to step. pasxt-i = (trans.), to pasture, feed; --isto, shepherd. pat-o = pan, frying-pan. patr-o = father. pauxz-o = pause. pavim-o = pavement. pec-o = piece, morsel. pejzagx-o = landscape. pek-i = to sin. pekl-i = to pickle (meat, etc.). pel-i = to chase away, drive off. pelt-o = coat or wrap of fur. pen-i = to strive, try. pend-i = (intrans.), to hang. penetr-i = to penetrate. penik-o = paintbrush, hair pencil. pens-i = to think. pent-i = to repent. pentr-i = to paint. pep-i = to chirp, twitter. per = (prep.), by means of, with, by (64). perd-i = to lose. pere-i = to perish. perfekt-a = perfect. perfid-i = to betray; --a, perfidious, treacherous. period-a = periodic. perl-o = pearl. permes-i = to permit, allow, let. peron-o = platform (railway), stoop (entrance porch). persekut-i = to persecute, prosecute. persik-o = peach. persist-i = to persist, persevere. person-o = person. peruk-o = wig. pes-i = (trans.), to ascertain the weight of; --ilo, scales, balance. pet-i = to request, beg, ask. petol-i = to be mischievous, saucy, roguish. petrol-o = petroleum, kerosene. petrosel-o = parsley. pez-i = (intrans.), to be heavy, weigh. pi-a = pious. pice-o = spruce (tree). pied-o = foot; --iranto, pedestrian. piedestal-o = pedestal. pik-i = to prick, sting. pilgrim-i = to go on a pilgrimage. pilk-o = ball (to play with). pin-o = pine (tree). pinakotek-o = picture gallery. pincx-i = to pinch. pingl-o = pin. pint-o = point, pinnacle, summit. pionir-o = pioneer. pip-o = pipe (for smoking). pipr-o = pepper. pir-o = pear. pist-i = to crush, mash; --ajxo, puree. pitoresk-a = picturesque. piz-o = pea. plac-o = public square, place (broad, short street or open space). placx-i = to please, to be pleasing (265). plad-o = flat dish. plafon-o = ceiling. plan-o = plan, scheme. pland-o = sole (of the foot). planed-o = planet. plank-o = floor. plant-i = to plant. plat-a = flat, plane. plauxd-i = (trans.), to splash, dabble (a liquid). plej = (adv.), most (74, 79, 81, 162); malplej, least (80). plekt-i = to weave, plait, braid. plen-a = full; plenum-i, to fulfil. plend-i = to complain. plet-o = tray. plezur-o = pleasure. pli = (adv.), more (74, 79, 81); malpli, less (80). plor-i = to weep, cry. plu = (adv.), further, more, any more. plug-i = to plow. plum-o = pen, feather. plumb-o = lead (metal); --isto, plumber. pluv-o = rain. pneuxmatik-o = pneumatic tire. po = (prep.), at the rate of (175). poem-o = poem. poet-o = poet. poezi-o = poetry, poesy. pokal-o = goblet, cup. pol-o = Pole. polic-o = police (force). politik-o = politics. polm-o = palm (of the hand). polur-i = to polish, make smooth and glossy. polus-o = pole (geographical). polv-o = dust. pom-o = apple. pomp-o = pomp, splendor. pont-o = bridge. popol-o = a people, folk. popular-a = popular. por = (prep.), for (95, 98, 262). porcelan-o = porcelain, china. porci-o = portion, share. pord-o = door. pork-o = swine, pig, hog. port-i = to carry, bear. portret-o = portrait. posed-i = to possess, own. post = (prep.), after, behind (89, 120). postul-i = to require, demand. posx-o = pocket. posxt-o = post (mail); --kesto, mailbox; --marko, postage stamp; --mandato, postal money order. pot-o = pot. potenc-a = powerful, mighty. pov-i = to be able, can (72). pra- = prefix indicating remoteness in line of descent (282). praktik-o = practice. prav-a = right, in the right. precip-a = principal, chief. preciz-a = precise. predik-i = to preach. prefer-i = to prefer. prefiks-o = prefix. pregx-i = to pray; --ejo, church. prem-i = to press. premi-o = premium, prize. pren-i = to take. prepar-i = to prepare. pres-i = to print. preskaux = (adv.), almost. pret-a = ready. pretekst-i = to make pretext of, pretend, sham. pretend-i = to make pretension to, lay claim to. preter = (prep.), beyond, past, by. prez-o = price. prezent-i = to present, offer. prezid-i = to preside; --anto, presiding officer, president, chairman. pri = (prep.), concerning, about, of (160, 264, c). princ-o = prince. princip-o = principle. printemp-o = spring (season). pro = (prep.), on account of, because of, for (86). problem-o = problem. procent-o = interest, percentage. proces-o = lawsuit, legal process. produkt-i = to produce. profesi-o = profession, occupation, calling. profesor-o = professor. profil-o = profile. profit-o = profit; --i, to profit (by). profund-a = deep, profound. progres-i = to progress. projekt-o = project. proklam-i = to proclaim. prokrast-i = to delay, procrastinate. proksim-a = near. promen-i = to go walking, promenade. promes-i = to promise. propon-i = to propose, offer. proporci-o = proportion. propr-a = own (one's own); malpropra, other people's; --igi al si, to appropriate, make one's own. prosper-i = to have success, prosper. protekt-i = to protect. protest-i = to protest. protokol-o = minutes (of a meeting). prov-i = to try, attempt, test. proviz-i = to provide. proz-o = prose; --ajxo, prose composition, piece of prose. prudent-a = reasonable, sensible, rational. prujn-o = hoar frost. prun-o = plum. prunt-o = loan; --i, --e doni, to lend; --e preni, to borrow. pruv-i = to prove, give proof of. psalm-o = psalm. publik-o = public (the); --igi, to publish. puding-o = pudding. pudr-i = to powder. pugn-o = fist. pulm-o = lung. pulv-o = gunpowder. pump-i = to pump. pun-i = to punish. punt-o = lace (point, etc.). pup-o = doll. pupitr-o = desk. pur-a = clean, pure. purpur-a = purple. pusx-i = to push; repusxi, to repulse. put-o = well (for water).

R.

rabarb-o = rhubarb. rab-i = to pillage, plunder; --isto, robber. rabat-i = to rebate, give a reduction, discount or rebate. rad-o = wheel. radi-o = ray (of light), spoke (of wheel), radius. radik-o = root. rafan-o = radish. rafin-i = to refine; --ejo, refinery. rajd-i = to ride (horse, etc.). rajt-o = right (to something). rakont-i = to relate, narrate (77). ramp-i = to creep, crawl, clamber. ran-o = frog. rand-o = edge, border. rang-o = rank, grade, dignity. rapid-a = rapid, quick; --o, speed; --emo, haste. raport-i = to report, give a report. ras-o = race (tribe, people, nation). rasp-i = to rasp, grate; --ilo, grater. rat-o = rat. rauxk-a = hoarse, raucous. rav-i = to enchant. raz-i = to shave. re- = prefix indicating repetition or return (223). real-a = real. reciprok-a = reciprocal, mutual (180). redakci-o = editorial department. redakt-i = to edit. redaktor-o = editor. redingot-o = frock coat. refut-i = to refute. reg-i = to rule, govern, reign. regal-i = (trans.), to regale, treat (to food or drink). region-o = region. registr-i = (trans.), to register, enroll. regn-o = state, governed body; --ano, citizen, subject. regul-o = rule, regulation. regx-o = king. reklam-i = to advertise. rekomend-i = to recommend, register (a letter). rekompenc-i = to recompense, reward. rekt-a = straight, undeviating, direct. rel-o = rail. religi-o = religion. rem-i = to row. rembur-i = to upholster, stuff, pad. renkont-i = (trans.), to meet. renvers-i = (trans.), to upset. reprezent-i = to represent. respekt-i = to respect. respond-i = to answer. respublik-o = republic. rest-i = to remain, stay. restoraci-o = restaurant. resum-i = to summarize, give in resume. ret-o = net, netting. rev-i = to indulge in revery, dream, fancy. revu-o = journal, review, magazine. rezon-i = to reason (exert the power of reasoning). rezult-i = to result. ricev-i = to receive. ricx-a = rich. rid-i = to laugh (265). rifuz-i = to refuse. rigard-i = to look. rigl-i = to bolt (fasten). rikolt-i = to harvest, reap. rilat-i = to have relation (to) (266). rimark-i = to notice, note. rimed-o = means, way; vivrimedoj, means of livelihood. rimen-o = thong, strap. ring-o = ring. rip-o = rib. ripar-i = to mend, repair. ripet-i = to repeat. ripoz-i = to repose, rest. riprocx-i = to reproach. river-o = river. riz-o = rice. rob-o = dress, robe. Robert-o = Robert. romp-i = (trans.), to break. rond-o = circle, ring, round. ros-o = dew. rost-i = to roast. roz-o = rose (flower). ruband-o = ribbon. rubus-o = blackberry. rugx-a = red. ruin-o = ruin. rul-i = (trans.), to roll (ball, etc.). rus-o = Russian. rust-i = to rust. rutin-o = routine. ruz-a = crafty, cunning, sly.

S.

sabat-o = Saturday. sabl-o = sand. sag-o = arrow. sagx-a = wise. sak-o = sack, bag. sal-o = salt. salajr-o = salary, wages. salat-o = salad. salon-o = parlor, drawing-room. salt-i = to jump, leap. salut-i = to salute, greet. sam-a = same. san-a = healthy, well. sang-o = blood. sankt-a = sacred, holy. sap-o = soap. sarden-o = sardine. sat-a = sated; malsata, hungry. sauxc-o = sauce, gravy, dressing. sav-i = to save; rescue. sci-i = to know (117). scienc-o = science. se = (conj.), if (240). sed = (conj.), but. seg-i = to saw. segx-o = chair. sek-a = dry. sekret-o = secret. sekretari-o = secretary. sekund-o = second (of time). sekv-i = to follow. sel-o = saddle. sem-o = seed; --i, to sow. semajn-o = week. sen = (prep.), without (248). senat-o = senate; --ano, senator. senc-o = sense, meaning. send-i = to send. sent-i = to feel, perceive. sep = (adj.), seven (136). septembr-o = September. sercx-i = to seek, hunt, look for. serur-o = lock. serv-i = to serve. servic-o = course (of a meal). ses = (adj.), six (136). sever-a = severe, stern. sezon-o = season. si = (pronoun, reflexive), himself, herself, etc. (40, 44, 274). sibl-i = to hiss, whistle (wind, etc.). sid-i = to sit (239). sigel-i = to seal. sign-o = sign, trace, mark. signif-i = to signify, mean. silab-o = syllable. silent-i = to be silent (239). silk-o = silk. simi-o = monkey. simil-a = like, similar. simpl-a = simple. sinjor-o = gentleman, Mr. (163). Sirakuz-o = Syracuse. sitel-o = pail, bucket. skatol-o = small box or case. skiz-i = to sketch. sklav-o = slave. skot-o = Scot, Scotchman. skrap-i = to scrape. skrib-i = to write. sku-i = (trans.), to shake. skulpt-i = to carve, sculpture. societ-o = society. soif-i = to be thirsty. sojl-o = threshold. Sokrat-o = Socrates. sol-a = alone, sole, only. soldat-o = soldier. solen-a = formal, solemn. somer-o = summer. son-i = (intrans.), to sound. songx-i = to dream (in sleep). sonor-i = (intrans.), to ring, sound; --ilo, bell. sopir-i = to yearn, long, sigh. sorb-i = to absorb; --papero, blotting-paper. sorcx-o = witchcraft; ensorcxi, to bewitch; --isto, sorcerer. sort-o = destiny, fate, lot. sovagx-a = wild, savage. spac-o = space. spec-o = kind, sort, species. special-a = special. specimen-o = specimen, sample. spegul-o = mirror. spert-a = experienced, expert. spes-o = speso (international unit of money, 284). spez-o = clearing (financial); elspezi, to disburse, expend, spend; enspezi, to take in, receive (funds). spinac-o = spinach. spir-i = to breathe; elspiri, to exhale. spite = (prep.), in spite of. sprit-a = witty. staci-o = station (railway, boat, etc.). stamp-i = to mark officially, stamp. standard-o = standard, flag. stan-o = tin (metal). stang-o = pole. star-i = to stand (239). stat-o = state (of being), condition. stel-o = star. stenografi-o = shorthand, stenography. stil-o = style. stimul-i = to stimulate. stomak-o = stomach. strang-a = strange, peculiar. strat-o = street. strecx-i = (trans.), to stretch. strek-i = to make a streak, or line; substreki, to underline; surstreki, trastreki, to cross off, strike out. stri-o = streak, stripe, band. strik-o = strike (of labor). stud-i = to study. student-o = student (college, etc.). stuf-i = (trans.), to stew. stump-o = stump (of tree, etc.). sub = (prep.), under, beneath (121, 160). subit-a = sudden, abrupt. substanc-o = substance. sud-o = south. sufer-i = to suffer, endure. suficx-i = to suffice; --ega, abundant. sufiks-o = suffix. sufok-i = (trans.), to suffocate. sugesti-i = to suggest. suk-o = sap, juice (of plants, etc.); --a, succulent. sukces-i = to succeed. suker-o = sugar. sulfur-o = sulphur. sulk-o = furrow, wrinkle. sum-o = sum, amount. sun-o = sun. sup-o = soup. super = (prep.), above, over (159); --a, superior. supersticx-o = superstition. supoz-i = to suppose. supr-e = (adv.), above; --a, upper, above; --ajxo, surface. sur = (prep.), on, upon (160). surd-a = deaf. surpriz-i = to surprise. surtut-o = overcoat. suspekt-i = to suspect. sved-o = Swede. sven-i = to faint, swoon. sving-i = (trans.), swing, brandish. svis-o = Swiss.

SX.

sxaf-o = sheep; --ajxo, mutton; --ido, lamb; --idajxo, lamb (meat); --viro, ram. sxajn-i = to seem, appear. sxal-o = shawl. sxanc-o = luck, chance; bonsxance, luckily. sxancel-i = (trans.), to oscillate, vacillate, make tremble. sxangx-i = (trans.), to change, alter. sxargx-i = to burden, load. sxat-i = to like, prize. sxauxm-o = foam, froth. sxel-o = shell, peeling, bark. sxelk-o = suspender, supporter. sxerc-i = to joke, jest. sxi = (pronoun), she, her (32, 37, 42). sxild-o = shield. sxink-o = ham. sxip-o = ship. sxir-i = to tear. sxirm-i = to shelter, shield; --ilo, screen. sxlim-o = slime. sxlos-i = to lock; --ilo, key. sxmir-i = to anoint, smear. sxnur-o = string. sxose-o = broad roadway, drive. sxov-i = to shove, push. sxovel-i = to shovel. sxpar-i = to spare, be economical of. sxpin-i = to spin. sxpruc-i = to gush, spout, spurt (of liquids). sxrank-o = cupboard, wardrobe. sxrauxb-o = screw. sxtal-o = steel. sxtat-o = state (political). sxtel-i = to steal (252). sxtip-o = log, block of wood. sxtof-o = cloth, stuff. sxton-o = stone. sxtop-i = to stop up, cork; --ilo, stopper. sxtrump-o = stocking. sxtup-o = step, round; --aro, stair-case. sxu-o = shoe; supersxuo, overshoe. sxuld-i = to owe, be indebted. sxultr-o = shoulder. sxut-o = chute; --i, to pour (as in a chute). sxvel-i = to swell, become swollen. sxvit-i = to perspire.

T.

tabak-o = tobacco. tabel-o = table, index, tabulation. tabl-o = table (furniture). tabul-o = board, plank. tag-o = day; --igxo, dawn; --mezo, noon. tajlor-o = tailor. taks-i = to estimate, value, rate. talent-o = talent. tali-o = waist; beltalia, shapely, having a good figure. tambur-o = drum. tamen = (conj.), nevertheless, however, yet, still. tantiem-o = percentage of profit, royalty. tapisx-o = carpet. tarif-o = tariff, schedule of rates. tas-o = cup; subtaso, saucer. task-o = task. tauxg-i = to be fit for, good for. tavol-o = layer. te-o = tea. teatr-o = theatre; --ajxo, play. ted-i = to be tedious. teg-i = to cover, put a covering upon. tegment-o = roof. teks-i = to weave. telefon-i = to telephone. telegraf-i = to telegraph. teler-o = plate; --meblo, sideboard. tem-o = theme, subject. temp-o = time. tempi-o = temple (of the head). templ-o = temple (building). ten-i = to hold, keep. tend-o = tent. tenor-o = tenor (voice). tent-i = to tempt. teori-o = theory. ter-o = earth, soil; enterigi, to inter. teras-o = terrace. teritori-o = territory. termin-o = term, definition (word). tern-i = to sneeze. terpom-o = potato. terur-o = terror. tia = that kind of, such (65). tial = (adv.), therefore (78, 83). tiam = (adv.), then, at that time (73). tibi-o = shin bone, tibia; --karno, calf (of the leg). tie = (adv.), there (68). tiel = (adv.), thus, so (88, 156). tigr-o = tiger. tikl-i = to tickle. tili-o = linden. tim-i = to fear, be afraid of. timon-o = pole, tongue, shaft. tint-i = to jingle, tinkle. tio = (pronoun), that (233, 234). tiom = (adv.), that much, so much (104, 164). tir-i = to pull, draw. tiran-o = tyrant. titol-o = title. tiu = (pronoun), that one, that (56); tiu cxi, this one, this (60). tost-o = toast (sentiment). tol-o = linen. toler-i = to tolerate. tomat-o = tomato. tomb-o = tomb, grave. ton-o = tone. tond-i = to shear; --ilo, shears, scissors. tondr-i = to thunder. tord-i = to twist; --a, crooked, winding. tra = (prep.), through (46, 160). trab-o = beam (wooden). traduk-i = to translate. traf-i = to reach, attain (that which was aimed at or sought); maltrafi, to miss. trajt-o = feature. trakt-i = to treat of (in essay, speech, etc.); --ato, treatise. tram-o = tram; --vojo, tramway, street-car line; --veturilo, street-car. trancx-i = to cut, sever. trankvil-a = serene, tranquil, calm. trans = (prep.), across, the other side of (160). tre = (adv.), very, very much. trem-i = to tremble. tremp-i = to drench, dip. tren-i = to drag, haul, draw; --ajxo, train (of a dress). trezor-o = treasure. tri = (adj.), three (136). trik-i = to knit. trink-i = to drink. tritik-o = wheat. triumf-o = triumph. tro = (adv.), too, too much. tromp-i = to deceive. tron-o = throne. tropik-o = tropic. trot-i = to trot. trotuar-o = sidewalk, pavement. trov-i = to find. tru-o = hole. trud-i = to force upon, impose; altrudema, importunate. trunk-o = trunk (of tree or body). tualet-o = toilet. tub-o = tube, pipe. tuber-o = bulb, knot, tuber. tuj = (adv.), at once, immediately tuk-o = piece of cloth. tur-o = tower. turk-o = Turk. turment-i = to torment. turn-i = (trans.), to turn. tus-i = to cough. tusx-i = to touch; kortusxi, to touch (the heart of). tut-a = entire, whole, all.

U.

-uj- = suffix indicating receptacle, that which bears or contains (181). -ul- = suffix indicating person characterized by that in the root (132). ulm-o = elm. -um- = indefinite suffix (268). ung-o = nail (of finger); --ego, claw, talon. univers-o = universe. universitat-o = university. unu = (adj.), one (136, 137, 180); unuigxo, union. uragan-o = hurricane. urb-o = city; cxefurbo, capital. urgx-i = to be urgent or pressing. urs-o = bear. Uson-o = United States of America. util-a = useful. uz-i = to use; trouzi, to abuse.

V.

vad-i = to wade. vafl-o = waffle. vag-i = to wander, to roam; --isto, vagabond. vagon-o = car, railway carriage. vak-i = to be vacant. vaks-o = wax. val-o = valley. valiz-o = valise, satchel, bag. valor-i = to be worth. vals-i = to waltz. van-a = vain, fruitless. vang-o = cheek. vant-a = vain, conceited. vapor-o = steam, vapor. varb-i = (trans.), to enlist, recruit. varm-a = warm. vast-a = vast, spacious, extensive. vaz-o = vase, basin. ve! = (interjection), woe! ho ve! alas! (273). veget-i = to vegetate, grow (as plants). vegetar-a = vegetarian. vejn-o = vein. vek-i = (trans.), to wake, awake. vel-o = sail. velk-i = to fade, wither, wilt. velur-o = velvet. ven-i = to come. vend-i = to sell. vendred-o = Friday. venen-o = poison. vengx-i = to avenge. venk-i = to conquer, vanquish. vent-o = wind. ver-o = truth. verand-o = veranda, porch. verd-a = green. verk-i = to compose (music or literature). verm-o = worm. vermicxel-o = vermicelli. vers-o = verse. versx-i = to pour (a liquid). vertikal-a = vertical. vesper-o = evening (93). vest-i = to clothe, dress. vesxt-o = vest, waistcoat. vet-i = to wager, bet. veter-o = weather. vetur-i = to ride, go (in vehicle, boat, etc.). vi = (pronoun), you (32, 37, 274). viand-o = meat. vibr-i = to vibrate. vic-o = turn, place in a series; lauxvice, in turn; siavice, in his (her, its, their) turn; vicprezidanto, vice-president. vid-i = to see. vidv-o = widower; --ino, widow. vigl-a = alert, brisk. vilagx-o = village. vin-o = wine. vinagr-o = vinegar. vinber-o = grape; sekvinbero, raisin. vintr-o = winter. viol-o = violet. violon-o = violin. vip-i = to whip. vir-o = man virt-o = virtue. visx-i = to wipe. vitr-o = glass (material). viv-i = to live (133). vizagx-o = face, visage. vizit-i = to visit. vocx-o = voice; --doni, to vote. voj-o = road, way. vojagx-i = to journey, travel, voyage. vok-i = to call. vokal-o = vowel. vol-i = to be willing, will, wish. volont-e = willingly. volum-o = volume (book). volumen-o = volume (of a body). volv-i = to roll (something around something). vort-o = word; --aro, dictionary. vost-o = tail. vual-o = veil. vulgar-a = common, vulgar. vulp-o = fox. vund-i = to wound.

Z.

zenit-o = zenith. zigzag-o = zigzag. zingibr-o = ginger. zink-o = zinc. zon-o = girdle, belt, zone. zoologi-o = zoology. zorg-i = to care (for), be anxious (about). zum-i = to hum, buzz.

* * * * *

ENGLISH-ESPERANTO VOCABULARY.

The following vocabulary includes all Esperanto roots used in the preceding lessons, all primary words of the language, and a large number of additional roots (to facilitate original composition). No attempt has been made, however, to include all of the roots of the language, or their various English meanings, for which an English-Esperanto Dictionary should be consulted.

References are to sections, unless the page (p.) is given. [Since page numbers have no relevance in this etext version, such references were deleted.] For other parts of speech than those indicated, see Word Formation, 116, 120, 159, 171, also the references under Prefixes and Suffixes in the Index. For formation of compound words other than those given, see 160, 167, 176, 184. The following abbreviations are used: adj. = adjective; adv. = adverb; conj. = conjunction; intrans. = intransitive; prep. = preposition; trans. = transitive; -- = repetition of the English word.

A

abandon = forlas-i. abash = hontig-i. (be) able = pov-i (72). abominable = abomen-a. about = (prep.), cxirkaux; (concerning) pri; (adv.), (approximately, proksimum-e. above = (prep.), super (159); (adv.), supr-e; cxi supre. abrupt = subit-a. absorb = sorb-i. abundant = suficxeg-a. academy = akademi-o. accelerate = (trans.), akcel-i. accent = akcent-o. accept = akcept-i. accident = akcident-o; (chance) okaz-o. accompany = akompan-i. (in) accordance with = (prep.), laux (191). account = kont-o; (bill) kalkul-o; (story) rakont-o. (on) account of = (prep.), pro (86). accurate = akurat-a. accusative = akuzativ-o. accuse = akuz-i, kulpig-i. accustomed = familiar-a, kutimit-a. ache = dolor-o. acid = acid-o. (be) acquainted with = kon-i (117); become --, konatigx-i. acquire, akir-i. across = (prep.), trans. act = ag-i; --on, efik-i; (behave) kondut-i; (of play) akt-o. active = agema; (grammatical), aktiv-a. actor = aktor-o. actual = efektiv-a, ver-a. acute = akr-a. add = aldon-i (160). address = (on letters, etc.) adres-o; (lecture) parolad-o. adequate = suficx-a. adjacent = apud-a (159). adjective = adjektiv-o. administer = (manage), administr-i. admire = admir-i. admit = konfes-i; (let in) allas-i. admonish = admon-i. adore = ador-i. adorn = ornam-i. adverb = adverb-o. advantage = util-o, profit-o. advertise = reklam-i. advise = konsil-i. affable = afabl-a. affair = afer-o; regrettable --, domagx-o. affirmative = jes-a (171). (be) afraid = tim-i. Africa = Afrik-o. after = (prep.), post (89). afternoon = posttagmez-o. again = denov-e, re-e (223). against = (prep.), kontraux. age = agx-o; of --, plenagx-a; old --, maljunec-o. (give an) agency = komisi-i. agent = agent-o. agitate = agit-i. agony = agoni-o. agree = konsent-i; (contract) kontrakt-i. agreeable = agrabl-a. aid = help-i. aim at = cel-i. air = aer-o; to --, aerum-i; (music) ari-o. alas! = ho ve (273). alcohol = alkohol-o. alcove = alkov-o. alert = vigl-a. Alexander = Aleksandr-o. Alexandria = Aleksandri-o. Alfred = Alfred-o. algebra = algebr-o. alive = viv-a. all = (pronoun and adj.), cxiuj (173); (indefinite pronoun) cxio (233); (adv. of quantity) cxiom (194); (whole, entire) tut-a. alliance = lig-o. allow = permes-i. allude = alud-i. allure = log-i. almanac = almanak-o. almost = (adv.), preskaux. alms = almoz-o. alone = sol-a. along = (prep.), laux (191); -- with, kune kun. aloud = lauxt-e. alphabet = alfabet-o. already = (adv.), jam. also = (adv.), ankaux. altar = altar-o. alter = (trans.), sxangx-i, aliig-i. although = (conj.), kvankam. always = (adv.), cxiam (187). America = Amerik-o. amiable = afabl-a, amind-a. amid = meze de, inter (85). among = (prep.), inter (85). amount = sum-o, kvant-o; a certain --, iom (217). amphibious = amfibi-a. amphitheatre = amfiteatr-o. amuse = amuz-i. analyse = analiz-i. ancestor = prapatr-o (282). anchor = ankr-o. ancient = antikv-a. and = (conj.), kaj (26). anecdote = anekdot-o. anew = denov-e. angel = angxel-o. angle = angul-o. angry = koler-a. animal = best-o. ankle = maleol-o. announce = anonc-i. annoy = cxagren-i. anoint = sxmir-i. answer = respond-i. ant = formik-o. antelope = antilop-o. antipathy = antipati-o. antique = antikv-a. anvil = ambos-o. anxious = maltrankvil-a. any = (pronoun and adj.), iu (203); (adv. of quantity) iom (217); --kind, --time, --thing, etc., see table, 235. any more = (adv.), plu. apartment = apartament-o. apathy = apati-o. apologise = pardonon pet-i. apology = (defence), apologi-o. apparatus = aparat-o. appear = (come in sight), aper-i; (seem) sxajn-i. appearance = (aspect), aspekt-o, mien-o, vidigx-o. appetite = apetit-o. applaud = aplauxd-i. apple = pom-o. apply = (put on), almet-i; -- to (for information, etc.), sin turni al. approach = alproksimigx-i al. appropriate = proprigi al si; (suitable), konven-a, dec-a. approve = aprob-i. approximate = proksimum-a. apricot = abrikot-o. April = april-o. apron = antauxtuk-o. aquarium = akvari-o. Arab = arab-o; street --, bub-o. arbitrate = arbitraci-i. arbor = lauxb-o. arc = ark-o. arcade = arkad-o. archer = pafarkist-o. Archimedes = Arhximed-o. architecture = arhxitektur-o. arena = aren-o. argue = argument-i. Aristeides = Aristejd-o. aristocrat = aristokrat-o. Aristotle = Aristotel-o. arithmetic = aritmetik-o. arm = (of the body), brak-o; (weapon) armil-o. army = arme-o. aroma = arom-o. around = (prep.), cxirkaux (89, 160). arouse = incit-i, vek-i. arrange = arangx-i. arrest = arest-i. arrive = alven-i. arrogant = arogant-a. arrow = sag-o. art = art-o. Arthur = Artur-o. article = (grammatical, literary) artikol-o. artificial = artefarit-a. artless = naiv-a. as = (adv.) kiel; as ... as ... tiel ... kiel ... (156); -- if, -- though, kvazaux (250); -- far as, gxis (prep., 46); -- much ... as ..., tiom ... kiom (164). ascertain = certigx-i; -- the truth of, konstat-i. (be) ashamed = hont-i. ashes = cindr-o. Asia = Azi-o. aside from = (prep.), krom. ask = (inquire), demand-i; (request), pet-i. asparagus = asparag-o. aspect = aspekt-o, mien-o. ass = azen-o. assemble = kunven-i, kunvok-i. assist = help-i. association = (organization), asoci-o. assurance = aplomb-o, certigo. at = (prep.), cxe (125, 160), je (260); -- the rate of, po (175). athlete = atlet-o. atmosphere = atmosfer-o. attack = atak-i. attain = ating-i, traf-i. attempt = prov-i. attentive = atent-a. attest = atest-i. attribute = atribut-o. August = auxgust-o. Australia = Auxstrali-o. author = auxtor-o, verkist-o. automatic = auxtomat-a. autumn = auxtun-o. avaricious = avar-a. avenge = vengx-i. avenue = ale-o, bulvard-o. avoid = evit-i. awake = (trans.), vek-i. away = (adv.), for (71); (distant), malproksim-e (170). axe = hakil-o. axis = (axle), aks-o.

B.

babble = babil-i. baby = infanet-o. bachelor = frauxl-o; -- of arts (A.B.), abiturient-o. back = (of the body), dors-o; to the rear (adv.), malantauxen (121). bacon = lard-o. bag = sak-o, valiz-o. bagatelle = bagatel-o. bake = (trans.), bak-i. balance = (trans.), balanc-i; (scales), pesil-o. ball = (to play with), pilk-o; (dance), bal-o; (globe), glob-o. banana = banan-o. band = (stripe), stri-o; (music), orkestr-o; (group), ar-o (126). bandage = bandagx-i. banish = ekzil-i. bank = (financial), bank-o; (shore), bord-o. (become) bankrupt = bankrot-i banner = flag-o, standard-o. banquet = festen-o. bar = bar-i. barbarian = barbar-o. bare = nud-a. bark = (of trees), sxel-o; (of dogs), boj-i. barrel = barel-o; -- organ, gurd-o. barren = senfrukt-a. barrister = advokat-o. barytone = bariton-o. base = (foundation), fundament-o, baz-o; (ignoble), malnobl-a. basin = vaz-o, kuv-o. basket = korb-o. bass = (voice), bas-o. bathe = (trans.), ban-i. battle = batal-i. be = est-i (109). beak = bek-o. beam = (wooden), trab-o; (light), radi-o. bean = (leguminous fruit), fab-o; (garden bean), fazeol-o. bear = (animal), urs-o; (carry), port-i; (endure), elport-i, sufer-i; (produce, give birth to), nask-i. beard = barb-o. beast = best-o. beat = bat-i; (surpass), super-i, venk-i. beautiful = bel-a. because = (conj.), cxar (83), tial ke (83); -- of (prep.), pro (86). become = igx-i, farigx-i (232); (be suitable), konven-i, dec-i. bed = lit-o. bee = abel-o. beef = bovajx-o (227, c). beefsteak = bifstek-o. beet = bet-o. before = (prep.), antaux (89, 90, 120, 159, 160); (conj.), antaux ol (97, 98); (adv.), antauxe, jxus antauxe. beg = (request), pet-i; (ask alms), almozon pet-i. beggar = almozul-o. begin = (trans.), komenc-i (see also prefix "ek-", 206). behave = kondut-i. behind = (prep.), post. behold = rigard-i, vid-i; (adv.), jen (228). Belgian = belg-o. believe = kred-i (265). bell = sonoril-o. belong = aparten-i. below = (prep.), sub; (adv.), sub-e, malsupr-e. belt = zon-o. bench = benk-o. bend = (trans.), klin-i, fleks-i. benevolence = bonfar-o. berry = ber-o. beside = (prep.), krom; (near), apud; (at the side of), flanke de. bet = vet-i. betray = perfid-i. betrothed = (man), fiancx-o. between = (prep.), inter (85, 89). bewitch = ensorcx-i. beyond = (prep.), preter. bicycle = bicikl-o. bid = (order), ordon-i; -- farewell, adiaux-i. big = grand-a. bill = (of bird), bek-o; bank --, bankbilet-o; hand--, afisx-o; (reckoning), kalkul-o. bind = (fasten), lig-i; (wounds), bandagx-i. bird = bird-o. biscuit = biskvit-o; (ring-shaped), kring-o. bit = (piece), pec-o; (adv.), iom (217). bite = mord-i. black = nigr-a; to -- (shoes, etc.), cir-i. blackberry = rubus-o. blackbird = merl-o. blacking = cir-o. blade = (of knife, etc.), kling-o. bleat = blek-i. bless = ben-i. blind = blind-a. block = (of wood), stip-o. blood = sang-o. bloom = flor-i (116). blot = (spot), makul-o. blotter = sorbil-o, sorbpaper-o. blouse = bluz-o, kitel-o. blow = blov-i; (stroke), bat-o. blue = blu-a; --ish, dubeblu-a. blush = rugxigx-i. board = (plank), tabul-o; (food), nutrad-o. boast = fanfaron-i. boat = boat-o, sxipet-o. body = korp-o. boil = (intrans.), bol-i (275). bolt = (fasten), rigl-i. bonbon = bombon-o. bond = (fastening), ligil-o. bone = ost-o. book = libr-o; note--, copy--, kajer-o. boot = bot-o. border = (edge), rand-o. bore = (holes), bor-i; (weary), enuig-i. (be) born = naskigx-i. borrow = pruntepren-i. Boston = Boston-o. both = (pronoun and adj.), ambaux (238); (adv.), kaj (26). bottle = botel-o. bottom = fund-o, malsupr-o. bough = brancx-o. boulevard = bulvard-o. boundary = lim-o. bouquet = buked-o. bow = (of ribbon), bant-o; (for shooting), pafark-o. bow = (bend), klinigx-i, salut-i. box = kest-o; small --, skatol-o. boy = knab-o. bracket = (shelf), bret-o. brag = fanfaron-i. braid = plekt-i. brain = cerb-o. branch = (of tree), brancx-o; (of work or study), fak-o. brandish = sving-i. brandy = brand-o. brave = brav-o. bread = pan-o. break = (trans)., romp-i; -- to pieces, frakas-i. breakfast = matenmangx-o. breathe = spir-i. brick = brik-o. bridge = pont-o. bridle = brid-o. bright = (clear), hel-a. bring = alport-i; -- forth (produce), nask-i; -- up (educate), eduk-i. brisk = vigl-a. Briton = Brit-o. broad = largx-a. brochure = brosxur-o. bronze = bronz-o. brood = (birds), kov-i. brother = frat-o. brown = brun-a. brownie = kobold-o. bruise = kontuz-i. brush = bros-i. brute = brut-o. bucket = sitel-o. buckle = buk-o. bud = burgxon-o. build = konstru-i. bulb = tuber-o, bulb-o. Bulgarian = Bulgar-o. bull = bovvir-o. bullet = kugl-o. bunch = fask-o. bundle = fask-o, pakajx-o. bungle = fusx-i. burden = sxargx-i. burn = (intrans.), brul-i (275). burst = (intrans.), krev-i. bury = enterig-i. but = (conj.), sed; (prep.), krom. butcher = bucx-i. butter = buter-o. butterfly = papili-o. button = buton-o; to --, butonum-i. buy = acxet-i. buzz = zum-i. by = (prep.), per (64); de (169, 170); (past), preter; (according to), laux (191).

C.

cab = fiakr-o. cabbage = brasik-o. cage = kagx-o. cake = kuk-o. calculate = kalkul-i. caldron = kaldron-o. calendar = kalendar-o. calf = bovid-o; (of the leg), tibikarn-o. call = vok-i; (visit), vizit-i. calling = (profession), profesi-o. calm = kviet-a, trankvil-a. camel = kamel-o. camera = kamer-o. can = (be able), pov-i (72); (preserve fruit, etc.), konfit-i. candle = kandel-o. candy = kand-o. canoe = kanot-o. cap = cxap-o. capable = kapabl-a. capital = (money), kapital-o; (excellent), boneg-a; (city), cxefurb-o. capitol = kapitol-o. car = vagon-o. card = kart-o; visiting --, vizitkart-o. care = (for), zorg-i (pri). caress = dorlot-i, kares-i. carpet = tapisx-o. carriage = kalesx-o, veturil-o. carrot = karot-o. carry = port-i. carve = skulpt-i. case = (small box), skatol-o; (chest), kest-o; (legal), proces-o; (holder), uj-o (181), ing-o (237); (occasion), okaz-o; (grammatical), kaz-o. cashier = kasist-o. cascade = kaskad-o. cast = jxet-i. castle = kastel-o. cat = kat-o. catch = kapt-i. cattle = brut-o, brutar-o. cauliflower = florbrasik-o. cause = ig-i (214); (produce a result), kauxz-i; (motive), kial-o; tial-o; (espoused or advocated), afer-o; (legal), proces-o. caution = avert-i. cavity = kav-o. cease = (intrans.), cxes-i. ceiling = plafon-o. celebrate = fest-i, solenig-i; --ed, fama. celery = celeri-o. cellar = kel-o. cent = cend-o. center = centr-o. centigram = centigram-o (284). centiliter = centilitr-o (284). centimeter = centimetr-o (284). certain = cert-a; a -- (one), iu (pronoun and adj., 203); -- amount, etc., see table, 235. certainly = nepr-e, cert-e, ja (215). certify = atest-i, certig-i, konstat-i. chain = cxen-o; (fetter), katen-o; (of mountains), montar-o. chair = segx-o. (be) chairman = prezid-i. chalk = kret-o. chance = sxanc-o; (hazard), hazard-o; (opportunity), okazo. change = (trans.), sxangx-i; (coins), moner-oj. chapel = kapel-o. chapter = cxapitr-o. character = karakter-o. charge = (commission), komisi-o; (burden), sxargx-o; (price, cost), prez-o, kost-o. charm = cxarm-i. chase = (game, etc.), cxas-i; (drive off), forpel-i. chatter = babil-i. check = (on bank), cxek-o. cheek = vang-o. cheese = fromagx-o. chemise = cxemiz-o. chemistry = hxemi-o. chemist's shop = apotek-o. cheque = cxek-o. cherry = cxeriz-o. chest = (box), kest-o; (with a lid), kofr-o. chestnut = kasxtan-o. chew = macx-i. chief = cxef-a, precip-a; (leader), estr-o (253). child = infan-o, id-o (207). chimney = kamen-o. chin = menton-o. china = (porcelain), porcelan-o; (country), Hxinuj-o. Chinaman = hxin-o. chirp = pep-i. chocolate = cxokolad-o. choir = hxor-o. choose = elekt-i. chop = hak-i; (cutlet), kotlet-o. chrestomathy = krestomati-o. Christ = Krist-o. church = (building), pregxej-o. chute = sxut-o. cigar = cigar-o. cigarette = cigared-o. cinnamon = cinam-o. cipher = cifer-o. circle = cirkl-o, rond-o. circular = (letter, etc.), cirkuler-o. circumstance = okaz-o, detal-o, cirkonstanc-o. citizen = regnan-o, urban-o. city = urb-o. civilise = civiliz-i. clack = krak-i. claim = pretend-i. clamber = ramp-i. clap = (trans.), klak-i. class = klas-o. clatter = (trans.), klak-i. claw = ungeg-o. clay = argil-o. clean = pur-a. clear = (bright), hela; (distinct), klar-a. clearing = (financial), spez-o. clergyman = pastr-o. clerk = komiz-o. clever = lert-a. climate = klimat-o. climb up = grimp-i, supren ramp-i. cloak = mantel-o. clock = horlogx-o. close = (trans.), ferm-i; (dense), dens-a; -- to (prep.), apud; proksim-e de (170). cloth = (in general), sxtof-o; (woollen, etc.), drap-o; (piece of), tuk-o; table--, tablotuk-o. clothe = vest-i. cloud = nub-o. club = (organization), klub-o; (weapon), bastoneg-o. coal = karb-o. coat = vest-o; (short), jak-o; (frock), redingot-o; over--, surtut-o. cock = (fowl), kok-o. coffee = kaf-o. collect = (trans.), kolekt-i. college = kolegi-o. colonel = kolonel-o. color = kolor-o. column = kolon-o. comb = komb-i. come = ven-i. comedy = komedi-o. comfort = (console), konsol-i; (freedom from pain, etc.), komfort-o. command = ordon-i; (military and naval), komand-i. commerce = komerc-o. commission = (entrusted), komisi-o; (percentage of profit), tantiem-o, komisipag-o. committee = komitat-o. common = (general), gxeneral-a; (mutual), komun-a; (vulgar), vulgar-a. communicate = komunik-i. company = (commercial), kompanio; (guests), gastar-o; (presence), cxeest-o. compare = (trans.), kompar-i (266). compassion = kompat-o. compete = konkur-i. competition = konkurad-o; (for prizes), konkurs-o; (in business), konkurenc-o. complain = plend-i. complicate = komplik-i. compose = (music or literature), verk-i. compositor = (of type), kompostist-o. conceal = kasx-i (252). concern = koncern-i (266); (anxiety), maltrankvilec-o. concerning = (prep.), pri. (264, c). concert = (musical), koncert-o. condemn = kondamn-i. condition = cirkonstanc-o; (stipulation), kondicx-o; (state), stat-o. conduct = (lead), konduk-i; -- oneself (behave), kondut-i. conduct = (behavior), kondut-o; (in regard to right or wrong), mor-o. conductor = (of car, etc.), konduktor-o. confess = konfes-i. confide = konfid-i. conform = konform-i (266). confound = (confuse), konfuz-i. congratulate = gratul-i. congress = kongres-o. conquer = venk-i. conscience = konscienc-o. (be) conscious = konsci-i. consent = konsent-i. consequently = sekv-e, do; tial (78). (be) conservative = konservativ-a. consist = konsist-i. console = konsol-i. consonant = (letter), konsonant-o. conspire = konspir-i. constant = konstant-a. constitution = konstituci-o. consul = konsul-o. consult = konsult-i, pet-i konsilon de. contaminate = infekt-i. content = kontent-a. continent = (land), kontinent-o. continue = dauxr-i, dauxrig-i. contour = kontur-o. contract = (commercial and legal), kontrakt-i. contralto = kontralt-o. contrary = mal-o (67); kontrauxstarem-a. control = kontrol-i; (govern), reg-i. convenient = konven-a, oportun-a. convince = konvink-i. cook = kuir-i. copper = kupr-o. copy = kopi-i; (of a book, etc.), ekzempler-o. coquettish = koket-a. cork = sxtop-i; (bark of cork tree), kork-o. corner = angul-o. corporal = corporeal, korp-a. corps = (military), korpus-o. corpse = kadavr-o. correct = korekt-i; (right), prav-a. correspond = korespond-i. corridor = koridor-o. cost = kost-i. costume = kostum-o. cotton = koton-o. cough = tus-i. counsel = konsil-i. count = kalkul-i, sum-i, nombr-i; (person), graf-o. county = grafland-o. country = land-o; (as opposed to city), kampar-o. coupon = kupon-o. (be) courageous = kuragx-i. course = (of lessons), kurs-o; (of a meal), servic-o; of --, kompreneble; in the -- of, en la dauxro de. court = kort-o, korteg-o, jugxej-o. courteous = gxentil-a. courtesy = gxentilec-o; (kindness), komplez-o. cousin = kuz-o. cover = kovr-i; (put covering upon), teg-i. crab = krab-o. crack = (split) (trans.), fend-i; (crackle), krak-i; (burst open) (intrans.), krev-i. cradle = lulil-o. crafty = ruz-a. cravat = kravat-o. crawl = ramp-i. crazy = frenez-a. cream = krem-o. create = kre-i. creep = ramp-i; -- up, grimp-i. crime = krim-o. crippled = kripl-a. criticise = kritik-i. crooked = tord-a, malrekt-a, kurb-a. cross = kruc-o; (angry), koler-a; -- off, trastrek-i. crowd = amas-o, anar-o (145, 126). crown = kron-o. crucify = krucum-i. cruel = kruel-a. crush = pist-i, premeg-i. crust = krust-o. cry = (weep), plor-i; (shout), kri-i; (of animals), blek-i. cucumber = kukum-o. cultivate = kultur-i; -- the soil, terkultur-i. cunning = ruz-a. cup = tas-o; (goblet), pokal-o. cupboard = sxrank-o. curious = (odd), kurioz-a; (inquisitive), scivol-a. curl = (of hair), bukl-o. curtain = kurten-o. curve = kurb-o. cushion = kusen-o. custom = kutim-o; (tax), impost-o. cut = trancx-i; (of a garment), fason-o. cutlet = kotlet-o. cylinder = cilindr-o. Cyrus = Cirus-o.

D.

dabble = (a liquid), plauxd-i. dainty = delikat-a. damage = difekt-i. Damocles = Damokl-o. Dane = dan-o. danger = dangxer-o. dance = danc-i. date = (fruit), daktil-o; (time), dat-o. dawn = tagigx-o. day = tag-o. deaf = surd-a. dear = (prized), kar-a; (expensive), multekost-a. debase = (adulterate), fals-i; (make bad), malbonig-i. decay = (mould), sxim-o; (in health), kaduk-i. deceive = tromp-i. December = decembr-o. decide = decid-i. decigram = decigram-o (284). deciliter = decilitr-o (284). decimeter = decimetr-o (284). deck (of ship) = ferdek-o; (adorn), ornam-i. declaim = deklam-i. deep = profund-a. deer = cerv-o. defend = defend-i. define = defin-i, priskrib-i. degree = grad-o. dekagram = dekagram-o (284). dekaliter = dekalitr-o (284). dekameter = dekametr-o (284). delay = prokrast-i. delegate = deleg-i. delicate = delikat-a. delightful = cxarm-a, placxeg-a. deliver (supply) = liver-i; (set free), liberig-i. delusion = iluzi-o. demand = postul-i. dense = dens-a. deny = ne-i (171). department (of work, etc.) = fak-o. desert = dezert-o; (just reward), merit-o. deserve = merit-i. desire = dezir-i. desk = pupitr-o, skribtabl-o. dessert = desert-o. destine = destin-i; difin-i. destiny = destin-o; (lot), sort-o. destroy = detru-i, neniig-i. detail = detal-o. dew = ros-o. diamond = diamant-o. dictionary = vortar-o. dictate (letters) = dikt-i. die = mort-i. different = divers-a, malsam-a, diferenc-a. differentiate = diferencig-i. dig = fos-i. dignity (rank) = rang-o. diligent = diligent-a. dimension = dimensio; (size), ampleks-o. Diogenes = Diogen-o. dip (in liquid) = tremp-i. diploma = diplom-o; holder of --, diplomit-o. diplomat = diplomat-o. direct (guide) = direkt-i; (undeviating), rekt-a. disburse = elspez-i, elpag-i. discount = rabat-i. discuss = diskut-i, priparol-i. disdain = malsxat-i, malestim-i. dish (flat) = plad-o. dispatch (letter) = depesx-o. distance = distanc-o. distinct = klar-a. distinguish = disting-i. distract (the attention) = distr-i; (confuse), konfuz-i. disturb = gxen-i, maltrankvilig-i. diverse = divers-a. divide = (trans.), divid-i. do = far-i; (suffice), suficx-i. doctor = doktor-o; (medical), kuracist-o. dog = hund-o. doll = pup-o. dollar = dolar-o. donkey = azen-o. door = pord-o; --handle, ans-o. doubt = dub-i. down (hair or feathers) = lanug-o; (downward) (adv.), malsupren. dove = kolomb-o. drag = (trans.), tren-i. draw (pull) = tir-i; (sketch), skiz-i. drawer = tirkest-o. drawing-room = salon-o. dream (in sleep) = songx-i; (fancy), rev-i. drench = tremp-i. dress = vest-i (sin); (frock), rob-o; --suit, frak-o. dressing (sauce) = sauxc-o. drink = trink-i. drip = gut-i. drive (off) = pel-i; (vehicle), veturig-i; (roadway), sxose-o. drown = (intrans.), dron-i. drug = drog-o; --store, apotek-o. drum = tambur-o. dry = sek-a. duck = anas-o. dues = kotizajx-o; pay --, kotiz-i. dumb = mut-a; -- animal, brut-o. during = (prep.), dum (96); en la dauxro de-. dusk = krepusk-o. dust = polv-o; remove the --, senpolvig-i. duty = dev-o; be on --, dejxor-i. dwell = logx-i.

E.

each = (adj. and pronoun), cxiu (173). eager = avid-a. eagle = agl-o. ear (of the body) = orel-o. early = fru-a. earth = ter-o; (the planet), terglob-o. east = orient-o. Easter = Pask-o. easy = facil-a. eat = mangx-i. echo = ehx-o. economical = sxparem-a. edge = rand-o; (of rivers, etc.), bord-o. edit = redakt-i. editor = redaktor-o. editorial body = redakci-o. educate = (rear), eduk-i; (teach), instru-i. effect = efekt-o. effective = efektiv-a. (be) efficacious = efik-i. egg = ov-o. Egypt = Egipt-o. eight = (adj.), ok (136). either = (pronoun and adj.), iu (203); cxiu (173); unu aux la alia; (adv.), aux; on -- side (adv.), ambauxflanke (238). elbow = kubut-o. electric = elektr-a. elk = alk-o. elm = ulm-o. eloquent = elokvent-a. embroider = brod-i. eminent = eminent-a. empire = imperi-o. employ = (hire), dung-i; -- oneself, sin okupi; (use), uz-i. employee = komiz-o, dungit-o, oficist-o. employment = ofic-o, okupad-o. enchant = ensorcx-i, rav-i. encore = (adv.), bis. end = (trans.), fin-i. endow = dot-i. endure = sufer-i, elport-i. engineer = ingxenier-o. Englishman = angl-o. enjoy = gxu-i; -- oneself, sin amuz-i. enlightened = kler-a. enlist = (trans.), varb-i. enroll = (trans.), registr-i, varb-i. enthusiasm = entuziasm-o. entire = tut-a. entrust = komisii, alkonfid-i. envelope = (of letter), kovert-o. envy = envi-i. (be an) epicure = frand-i. epoch = epok-o. equal = egal-a. err = erar-i. establish = establ-i, fond-i; (prove, etc.), konstat-i. estate = bien-o. esteem = estim-i. estimate = taks-i. eternal = etern-a, cxiam-a. Europe = Euxrop-o. evangel = evangeli-o. even = (level), eben-a; -- number, parnombro; (actually) (adv.), ecx. evening = vesper-o (93); -- dress (of man), frak-o. ever = (adv.), iam (212); (indefinite adv.), ajn (236); (always), cxiam (187). every = (one), (pronoun and adv.), cxiu (173); --thing, -- way, etc., see table, 235. evolution = evoluci-o. exact = akurat-a, gxust-a; (demand), postul-i. examine = ekzamen-i; -- and check, kontrol-i. example = ekzempl-o; (model), model-o. Excellency = (title), mosxt-o (258). except = escept-i (266); (prep.), krom. excite = ekscit-i. exercise = (trans.), ekzerc-i. exhale = elspir-i. exhort = admon-i. exile = ekzil-i. exist = ekzist-i. expect = atend-i. expend = (money), elspez-i; (energy, etc.), uz-i, eluz-i. experienced = spert-a. experiment = eksperiment-i. expert = spert-a, lert-a. explode = (intrans.), eksplod-i (275). explore = esplor-i. express = esprim-i; (train), rapida vagonaro. extend = (trans.), etend-i, pligrandig-i, plilongig-i. extensive = vast-a, vastampleks-a. extent = (size), ampleks-o. extinguish = esting-i. extraordinary = eksterordinar-a. eye = okul-o; --brow, brov-o; --lid, palpebr-o.

F.

fable = fabel-o. face = vizagx-o. fact = fakt-o; in --, fakt-e, efektiv-e, ja (215). fade = velk-i. fair = (just), just-a; (beautiful), bel-a. fairy = fe-o, fein-o. faint = sven-i. faithful = fidel-a. fall = fal-i; (autumn), auxtun-o. false = fals-a; (treacherous), perfid-a. fame = fam-o. familiar = familiar-a, kutim-a. family = famili-o. fancy = imag-i, rev-i. far = malproksim-e; as -- as (prep.), gxis (46). farm = (as a tenant), farm-i; (till the soil), terkultur-i. farewell = (adv. and interjection), adiaux (171, 273). fashion = fason-o, mod-o. fasten = lig-i. fat = gras-o; (corpulent), dik-a. fatal = fatal-a. fate = sort-o, fatal-o, destin-o. father = patr-o. faucet = kran-o. favor = favor-i; a --, komplezo. favorable = favor-a. fay = fe-o, fein-o. fear = tim-i. feather = plum-o. feature = trajt-o. feed = nutr-i; -- flocks, pasxt-i. feel = sent-i; (with fingers, etc.), palp-i. female = in-o (59). fervor = fervor-o. fetter = (chain, etc.), katen-o. fever = febr-o. fiance = fiancx-o. fie = (interjection), fi (273). field = kamp-o. fight = batal-i, milit-i. fill = plenig-i. find = trov-i. fine = bel-a, delikat-a; (of money), monpun-o. finger = fingr-o; index --, montra fingro; little --, malgranda fingro; middle --, longa fingro; ring --, ringa fingro. finish = (trans.), fin-i. fir = abi-o. fire = fajr-o; set -- to, ekbrulig-i. firm = firm-a. fish = fisx-o; (catch fish), fisxkapt-i. fist = pugn-o. fit = almezur-i; (be) --, tauxg-i. (be) fitting = konven-i; (decent), dec-i. five = (adj.), kvin (136). flag = flag-o; standard-o. flat = glat-a, eben-a; plat-a. flesh = karn-o. flex = (trans.), fleks-i. floor = plank-o. flour = farun-o. flow = flu-i. flower = flor-o (116). fluid = fluid-a. fly = flug-i; (insect), musx-o. foam = sxauxm-o. focus = fokus-o. fog = nebul-o. fold = fald-i. folk = popol-o. follow = sekv-i, postven-i, postir-i. (be) fond of sweets = frand-i. fondle = dorlot-i. foot = (of the body), pied-o; (measure), fut-o. for = (prep.), por (95, 98, 262); pro (86); (conj.), cxar (83). force = fort-o; (compel), devig-i; -- (upon), altrud-i (al). fore- = pra- (282). forehead = frunt-o. foreign = fremd-a. forge = (falsify), fals-i. forget = forges-i. forgive = pardon-i. fork = fork-o. form = form-i, alform-i, model-i. formal = solen-a. found = fond-i. foundation = fundament-o. four = (adj.), kvar (136). fount = font-o. fountain = fontan-o. fox = vulp-o. fragrance = arom-o, bonodor-o. frame = (of picture), kadr-o. frank = afrank-i. Frederick = Frederik-o. free = liber-a. Frenchman = franc-o. frequent = oft-a; (visit often), vizitad-i. fresh = fresx-a, nov-a. Friday = vendred-o. friend = amik-o. fringe = frangx-o. frivolous = malserioz-a. frock coat = redingot-o. frog = ran-o. from = (prep.), de (89, 170); el; (cause), pro (86). frost = frost-o; (hoar), prujn-o. froth = sxauxm-o. fruit = frukt-o. fruitless = (vain), van-a. fry = (trans.), frit-i. function = (of machinery, etc.), funkci-i. funereal = funebr-a. fulfil = plenum-i. full = plen-a. fur = fel-o; (coat or wrap), pelt-o. furious = furioz-a. furnish = (supply), liver-i; (provide), proviz-i; (a house), mebl-i. furniture = (piece of), mebl-o. furrow = sulk-o. further = (adv.), plu. fuse = (trans.), fand-i. futile = van-a. future = estontec-o; (grammatical), estont-o; (adj.), estont-a.

G.

gain = gajn-i, obten-i. gallery = galeri-o; (for pictures), pinakotek-o. gallop = galop-i. gamin = bub-o. gape = (yawn), osced-i. garden = gxarden-o. garland = girland-o. gas = gas-o. gather = (trans.), kolekt-i. gay = gaj-a. gaze = fikse rigard-i. gazette = gazet-o. general = gxeneral-a, komun-a; (military), general-o. gentleman = sinjor-o. geometry = geometri-o. German = german-o. Gertrude = Gertrud-o. ghost = fantom-o. gift = donac-o. ginger = zingibr-o. girdle = zon-o. give = don-i; (as a gift), donac-i; -- information, inform-i; -- notice, aviz-i; -- witness, atest-i; -- birth to, nask-i. (be) glad = gxoj-i (116). glass = (material), vitr-o; (tumbler), glas-o. glide = glit-i. globe = glob-o. glory = glor-o. glossy = (polished), polurit-a. glove = gant-o. glue = glu-i. gnash = grinc-i. go = ir-i; (in vehicle, boat, etc.), vetur-i; -- on a pilgrimage, pilgrim-i. goal = cel-o. goblet = pokal-o. God = Di-o. good = bon-a; be -- for, tauxg-i por. good-bye = (adv. and interjection), adiaux (171, 273). goose = anser-o. gospel = evangeli-o. govern = reg-i. graceful = graci-a. grade = grad-o; (rank), rang-o. grain = (wheat, etc.), gren-o; (unit) er-o (276). gram = gram-o (284). grammar = gramatik-o. grandfather = av-o. grandson = nep-o. grape = vinber-o. grass = herb-o. grasshopper = akrid-o. grate = rasp-i; grater, raspil-o. grating = (bar or lattice), krad-o. grave = tomb-o; (serious), grav-a. gravitate = gravit-i. gravy = sauxc-o. gray = griz-a. grieve = (trans.), cxagren-i, malgxojig-i; (intrans.) malgxoj-i. grind = grinc-i. great = grand-a; (remote in ancestry), pra- (282). Greek = grek-o. green = verd-a; --ish, dubeverd-a. greet = salut-i. groan = gxem-i. group = grup-o, ar-o (126). ground = ter-o; -- floor, teretagx-o. grow = kresk-i, veget-i. guard = gard-i. guess = diven-i. guest = gast-o. guide = gvid-i, direkt-i. guilty = kulp-a. gunpowder = pulv-o. gush = (of liquids), sxpruc-i.

H.

habit = kutim-o. hack = hak-i; (carriage), fiakr-o. hail = (frozen rain), hajl-o. (a) hair = har-o; -- pencil, penik-o. half = duon-o (166, 277). halt = (intrans.), halt-i. ham = sxink-o. hammer = martel-o. hand = man-o; (of clock), montril-o. handbill = afisx-o. handicraft = meti-o. handsome = bel-a. hang = (intrans.), pend-i. handy = oportun-a. happen = okaz-i. happy = felicx-a. harbor = haven-o. hardly = (adv.), apenaux. hare = lepor-o. haricot = (bean), fazeol-o. harness = jung-i. harvest = rikolt-i. hasten = (trans.), akcel-i; (intrans.) rapid-i. hat = cxapel-o. haughty = fier-a. haul = tren-i. have = hav-i; -- to, dev-i. hay = fojn-o. hazard = hazard-o. hazel-nut = avel-o. he = (pronoun), li (32, 37, 42). head = kap-o; (adj.), cxef-a. health = san-o; state of (good or bad) --, fart-o. hear = auxd-i. heart = kor-o; by --, (by rote), parker-e. heat = (trans.), hejt-i, varmig-i. heaven = cxiel-o; heavenly body, astr-o. heavy = pez-a. Hebrew = hebre-o. heel = (of foot), kalkan-o; (of shoe), kalkanum-o. hektare = hektar-o (284). hektogram = hektogram-o (284). hektoliter = hektolitr-o (284). hektometer = hektometr-o (284). help = help-i (265). hen = kokin-o. herb = herb-o. hero = hero-o. hesitate = hezit-i. hide = kasx-i (252); (skin of animals), fel-o. Hiero = Hieron-o. high = alt-a. hinge = cxarnir-o. hip = koks-o. hire = (persons), dung-i; (houses, etc.), lu-i. hiss = sibl-i. history = histori-o. ho = (interjection), ho (273). hoar = (frost), prujn-o. hoarse = rauxk-a. hog = pork-o. hold = ten-i. holder = (handle), tenil-o, ans-o; (receptacle), uj-o (181); ing-o (237). hole = tru-o; (cavity), kav-o. Holland = Holand-o. holy = sankt-a. home = hejm-o; at --, cxehejme. homesickness = nostalgi-o. honest = honest-a. honey = miel-o. honeysuckle = lonicer-o. honor = honor-i; (as term of address), mosxt-o (258). hook = krocx-i. hope = esper-i. horizon = horizont-o. horizontal = horizontal-a. horn = korn-o. horse = cxeval-o. horse-radish = armoraci-o. hose = sxtrump-oj; -- supporter, sxelk-o. hotel = hotel-o. hour = hor-o (185). house = dom-o; at the -- of (prep.), cxe (125, 160). how = (adv.), kiel (134); kiamanier-e; -- much, kiom (140, 185). however = (conj.), tamen; (adv.), ajn (236). hue = nuanc-o. hum = zum-i. human being = hom-o. humble = humil-a. humor = humor-o. hundred = (adj.), cent (142). hungry = malsat-a. hunt = sercx-i; (game or wild animals), cxas-i. hurdy-gurdy = gurd-o. hurl = jxet-i. hurrah = (interjection), hura (273). hurricane = uragan-o. hurry = rapid-i. husband = edz-o. hypocrite = hipokrit-o.

I.

I = (pronoun), mi (32, 37, 274). ice = glaci-o; (food), glaciajx-o. idea = ide-o. ideal = ideal-o. identical = ident-a. idiom = idiom-o. idiot = idiot-o. if = (conj.), se (240); as --, kvazaux (250); (whether), cxu. ignore = ignor-i. illusion = iluzi-o. illustrate = ilustr-i. image = bild-o. imagine = imag-i. imitate = imit-i. immediate = tuj-a (171). implicate = implik-i. important = grav-a, serioz-a. importunate = altrudem-a. impose = trud-i. impost = impost-o. impress = impres-i. impulse = impuls-o. in = (prep.), en (46, 89, 160); -- the presence of, cxe (125, 160). inch = col-o. incite = incit-i. incline = (trans.), klin-i. incommode = gxen-i. (be) indebted = sxuld-i. indeed = (adv.), ja (215); do; efektiv-e. index = tabel-o. Indian = (American), indian-o, rugxhauxtul-o; -- corn, maiz-o. indifferent = indiferent-a. industry = (trade), industri-o. inebriate = ebri-a. inevitable = nepr-a, neevitebl-a. infect = infekt-i. influence = influ-i. inform = inform-i, sciig-i. ingenuous = naiv-a. inhabitant = logxant-o, an-o (145). inhale = enspir-i. ink = ink-o. inquire = demand-i. insect = insekt-o. inside = (adv.), intern-e; (prep.), en. insist = insist-i. inspect = inspekt-i, ekzamen-i, rigard-i, kontrol-i. inspire = inspir-i. instantaneous = moment-a. instead of = (prep.), anstataux (98, 159). instruct = instru-i; (order), ordon-i. insult = insult-i. insure = (with a company), asekur-i; (make certain), certig-i. intelligent = inteligent-a. intend = intenc-i. interest = interes-i; (of money), procent-o. (be) intermittent = intermit-i. internal = intern-a. interpret = interpret-i. intimate = intim-a. intoxicated = ebri-a. investigate = esplor-i, ekzamen-i, elsercx-i. invite = invit-i. iron = (metal), fer-o; (linen), glad-i. island = insul-o. it = (pronoun), gxi (32, 37, 42, 274); see also 50, 51. Italian = ital-o.

J.

jacket = jak-o. jail = karcer-o. jam = kompot-o, fruktajx-o. January = januar-o. jaw = (orifice, opening), fauxk-o; (of the skull), makzel-o; --bone, makzelost-o. jealous = jxaluz-a. jest = sxerc-i. Jesus = Jesu-o. Jew = hebre-o. jewel = juvel-o. jingle = (intrans.), tint-i. John = Johan-o. joint = artik-o. joke = sxerc-i. journal = jxurnal-o, revu-o. journey = vojagx-i. judge = jugx-i. jug = krucx-o. juggle = jxongl-i. July = juli-o. jump = salt-i. June = juni-o. jurist = jurist-o. just = (upright), just-a; (exact), gxust-a; (adv.), gxust-e, jxus.

K.

keep = ten-i, gard-i; (preserve), konserv-i; -- in mind, memor-i. kerosene = petrol-o. key = sxlosil-o; (of piano, etc.), klav-o. kill = mortig-i. kilogram = kilogram-o (284). kiloliter = kilolitr-o (284). kilometer = kilometr-o (284). kind = (species), spec-o; (good), bon-a, bonkor-a; that --, what --, etc., see table, 235. kindness = komplez-o, bonkorec-o. king = regx-o; --dom, regxolando. kiss = kis-i. knave = fripon-o. knee = genu-o. kneel = genufleks-i. knit = trik-i. knock = frap-i. knot = tuber-o; (tied), ligajx-o; (of ribbon), bant-o. know = sci-i; (be acquainted with), kon-i (117). kobold = kobold-o.

L.

labor = labor-i; -- for the success or completion of something, klopod-i. lace = punt-o; (of a shoe), lacx-o. (be) lacking = (intrans.) mank-i. lake = lag-o. lamb = sxafid-o; (meat), sxafidajx-o. lame = lam-a. lamp = lamp-o. lance = lanc-o. land = land-o; (estate), bien-o; (soil), ter-o. landscape = pejzagx-o. language = lingv-o. lantern = lantern-o. large = grand-a. lark = (bird), alauxd-o. last = (intrans.), dauxr-i; (in a series), last-a; (previous) pasint-a, antaux-a. latch = ans-o. late = malfru-a. Latin = latin-a. latter = cxi-tiu (61, 62). lattice = krad-o. laugh = rid-i (265). law = legx-o; --suit, proces-o; (rule), regul-o. lawyer = advokat-o, legxist-o. lay = meti, kusxig-i; -- aside, demet-i; -- claim, pretend-i. layer = tavol-o. lead = konduk-i. lead = (metal), plumb-o. leaf = foli-o. league = (alliance), lig-o. lean = (trans.), apog-i, klin-i; (not fat), malgras-a. leap = salt-i; --year, superjar-o. learn = lern-i; (news, etc.), sciigx-i. learned = kler-a. least = (adv.), malplej (80), malpli multe (81); at --, almenaux. leather = led-o. leave = (trans.), las-i; -- off (intrans.), cxes-i. leg = krur-o. legal = legx-a; -- process, proces-o. lemon = citron-o. lemonade = citronajx-o, limonad-o. lend = prunt-i, pruntedon-i. lens = objektiv-o. lengthen = (trans.), etend-i, plilongig-i. less = (adv.), malpli (80); malpli multe (81). lesson = lecion-o. let = (trans.), las-i; (rent), luig-i; (permit), permes-i. letter = (epistle), leter-o; (of the alphabet), liter-o. lettuce = laktuk-o. level = nivel-o; (flat), eben-a. library = bibliotek-o; (collection of books), librar-o. lick = lek-i. lie = (recline), kusx-i (239); (tell falsehoods), mensog-i. lift = lev-i. light = lum-a, hel-a; (not heavy), malpez-a. lightning = fulm-o. like = sxat-i; (similar), simil-a; see also 250. limb = membro; (of a tree), brancx-o. limit = lim-i. linden = tili-o. line = lini-o, vic-o, strek-o. linen = tol-o. lion = leon-o. lip = lip-o. liquid = fluid-a. listen = auxskult-i. liter = litr-o (284). literal = lauxliter-a. literature = literatur-o. little = malgrand-a; (with slightly affectionate sense), et-a (198); (adv.), malmulte, iom (217); -- by --, iom post iom. live = viv-i; (dwell), logx-i (133). load = sxargx-i. loan = prunt-i, pruntedon-i. local = lok-a. lock = sxlos-i; (fastening), serur-o. locomotive = lokomotiv-o. lodge = logx-i. log = sxtip-o. long = long-a; -- for, sopir-i je. look = rigard-i; -- for, sercx-i. lose = perd-i; (fail to profit), malgajn-i; -- time, malfru-i. lot = (fate), sort-o. loud = lauxt-a. love = am-i; make --, amindum-i. loyal = fidel-a, lojal-a. luck = sxanc-o; lucky, bonsxanc-a. lull = kvietig-i; (to sleep), lul-i. lunatic = lunatik-o. lung = pulm-o. luxury = luks-o.

M.

macaroni = makaroni-o. machine = masxin-o. mad = frenez-a. magazine = gazet-o, jxurnal-o, revu-o. magic = magi-o. mail = posxt-o, enposxtig-i; -- box, posxtkest-o. maize = maiz-o. majestic = majest-a. majesty = (term of address), mosxt-o (258). make = far-i (see also 214); -- mistakes, erar-i; -- love, amindum-i. malicious = malic-a. man = vir-o. manage = administr-i, direkt-i; (a household), mastrum-i. manner = manier-o; (right or wrong), mor-o; in that --, in every --, etc., see table, 235. mantle = mantel-o. manufacture = fabrik-i. manuscript = manuskript-o. maple = acer-o. marble = (stone), marmor-o. march = marsxad-i. March = mart-o. mark = mark-o, sign-o; (official), stamp-o. marmalade = marmelad-o. marry = (become married), edzigx-i. master = mastr-o; (of his profession or art), majstr-o; -- of Arts (A.M.), magistr-o. match = (for fire), alumet-o. material = material-o; (cloth), sxtof-o. matter = afer-o. mature = matur-a. maximum = maksimum-o. May = maj-o; (auxiliary verb), see 269, 270. mayonnaise = majones-a. mean = signif-i, intenc-i, malnobl-a. meaning = senc-o. means = rimed-o; by -- of (prep.), per (64). measure = (trans.), mezur-i. meat = viand-o. mechanics = mehxanik-o. medical = medicin-a, kuracist-a. medicine = (drug, etc.), kuracil-o; (science), medicin-o, kuracart-o. meet = (trans.), renkont-i, traf-i; (assemble), kunven-i. melody = melodi-o. melon = melon-o. melt = fluidig-i, fluidigx-i, degel-i. member = membr-o, an-o (145). memory = memor-o; by --, parker-e, memor-e. mend = ripar-i; (patch), flik-i. mention = nom-i; cit-i. menu = menu-o. merely = (adv.), nur. merit = merit-i. merry = gaj-a; make --, festen-i. merry-go-round = karusel-o. metal = metal-o. meter = metr-o (284). method = metod-o. middle = mez-o, centr-o. mien = mien-o. mild = mild-a. mile = mejl-o. milk = lakt-o; (draw the milk of), melk-i. mill = muel-o. millimeter = milimetr-o (284). million = milion-o. mine = (coal, etc), min-o; (possessive adj.), mi-a (43). mineral = mineral-o. minimum = minimum-o. minister = (political), ministr-o; (clergyman), pastr-o. minute = (time), minut-o; (adj.), detal-a, malgrand-a. minutes = (of a meeting), protokol-o. mirror = spegul-o. miserly = avar-a. misery = mizer-o. miss = (fail to reach), maltraf-i; (be missing), mank-i; (notice the absence of), senti la foreston de; (young lady), frauxlin-o (163). mist = nebul-o. mistake = erar-o. Mister = Sinjor-o (163, 286). mix = (trans.), miks-i. mock = mok-i. mode = fason-o, mod-o. model = model-o. moderate = moder-a. modest = modest-a. moment = moment-o; a -- ago, (adv.), jxus. monarch = monarhx-o. Monday = lund-o. money = mon-o; -- box, kas-o; -- order, mandat-o. monk = monahx-o. monkey = simi-o. month = monat-o. moon = lun-o. moral = moral-a, bonmor-a; morals, moroj. more = (adv.), pli (74, 79); (quantity), pli multe (81); (further), plu; the --, ju pli, des pli (84). morning = maten-o (93). morsel = pec-o. most = (adv.), plej (74, 79); (quantity), plej multe (81). mould = sxim-o. mountain = mont-o. mourning = funebr-o. mouse = mus-o. moustache = lipharoj. mouth = busx-o; (of river), enflu-o, elflu-o. move = (trans.), mov-i; (change residence) translogx-i. much = mult-a (81); (very), tre. mud = kot-o. murmur = murmur-i. museum = muze-o. mushroom = fung-o. music = muzik-o. must = dev-i (247). mute = mut-a. mutton = sxafajx-o. mutual = reciprok-a (180), komun-a. myopic = miop-a. mystery = mister-o.

N.

nail = (metal), najl-o; (of the finger or toe), ung-o. naive = naiv-a. naked = nud-a. name = nom-o. narrate = rakont-i. nation = naci-o. nature = natur-o. naught = nul-o; (none), neniom (231). near = proksim-a (170); (prep.), apud (120, 159). necessary = neces-a. neck = kol-o. need = bezon-i. needle = kudril-o. negative = ne-a (171); (photographic), negativ-o. neighbor = najbar-o. neither = (conj.), nek (31); (pronoun and adj.), neniu (220). nephew = nev-o. nerve = nerv-o. nest = nest-o. net = ret-o. neutral = neuxtral-a. never = (adv.), neniam (226). nevertheless = (conj.), tamen. new = nov-a, fresx-a; news, novajx-o. newspaper = jxurnal-o, tagjxurnal-o. nice = delikat-a. night = nokt-o. nine = (adj.), naux (136). nitrogen = azot-o. no = (adv.), ne (27, 66, a); (adj.), neniu (220); -- one, --where, etc., see table, 235. noble = nobl-a, nobleman = nobel-o. nobody = (pronoun), neniu (220). nod = (the head), balanc-i (la kapon). noise = bru-o. none = (adj. and pronoun), neniu (220); (adv.), neniom (231). non-partisan = neuxtral-a. noon = tagmez-o. nor = (conj.), nek (31). north = nord-o. Norwegian = norveg-o. not = (adv.), ne (27, 66, a). note = not-o, bilet-o; --book, kajer-o; (notice), rimark-i, not-i. nothing = nenio (233). notice = rimark-i; not-i; give --, aviz-i. notwithstanding = (prep.), malgraux; (conj.), tamen. nourish = nutr-i. novel = nov-a; (book), roman-o. November = novembr-o. now = (adv.), nun. nude = nud-a. nullify = nulig-i, neniig-i. number = (quantity), nombr-o; (numeral), numer-o. nut = nuks-o.

O.

oak = kverk-o. (make) oath = jxur-i. oats = aven-o. obey = obe-i (265). object = objekt-o; (aim), cel-o; (oppose), kontrauxparol-i, kontrauxstar-i, protest-i. objective = objektiv-o. obligation = (financial), sxuld-o; (moral), dev-o. oblige = (compel), devig-i; (render service), far-i komplezon, serv-i. oblique = oblikv-a. observe = observ-i, rimark-i, not-i. obstinate = obstin-a. obstruct = bar-i. occasion = foj-o (127); okaz-o. occupation = profesi-o, okup-o, meti-o. occupy = okup-i. occur = okaz-i. ocean = ocean-o. October = oktobr-o. odor = odor-o. of = (prep.), de (49, 100, 160, 170); da (99, 101, 103); el; (concerning), pri (160, 264, c). offend = ofend-i. offer = propon-i, prezent-i, ofer-i. office = ofic-o; (place), oficej-o. officer = (of organization or firm), oficist-o; (military or naval), oficir-o. official = oficial-a. often = (adv.), oft-e, multfoj-e. oh = (interjection), ho (273). oil = ole-o. olive = oliv-o. on = (prep.), sur; -- account of, pro (86). once = (adv.), unufoj-e; -- on a time, iam (212); at --, tuj; -- more, bis. one = (adj.), unu (136, 137, 180); (pronoun), oni (54). See 235. onion = bulb-o. only = sol-a; (mere), nur-a. opera = oper-o; -- glasses, lornet-o. opinion = opini-o. opportune = oportun-a. opposed to = (prep.), kontraux. opposite = (converse), mal-o (67); (prep.), kontraux. or = (conj.), aux. orange = (fruit), orangx-o. orchestra = orkestr-o. order = ordon-i; (of store, etc.), mend-i; (methodical or proper arrangement), ord-o; money --, mandat-o. ordinary = ordinar-a. organ = (physical), organ-o; (musical), orgen-o. organize = organiz-i. original = original-o. ornament = ornam-i. orphan = orf-o. oscillate = (intrans.), balancigx-i. ostracism = ostracism-o. other = ali-a; (remaining), ceter-a; -- people's, malpropr-a; --wise, ali-e. out of = el. outline = kontur-o; (profile), profil-o; (sketch), skiz-o. outside = (prep.), ekster (120, 121). over = (prep.), super; (across), trans; (concerning), pri; --coat, surtut-o; --shoe, supersxu-o; (adv.), (too), tro. owe = sxuld-i. own = posed-i, propr-a. ox = bov-o. oyster = ostr-o.

P.

pack = pak-i. pad = rembur-i. paddle = padel-i. page = (of book, etc.), pagx-o. pail = sitel-o. pain = dolor-o; (effort), pen-o; take pains, pen-i. paint = pentr-i; (material), kolorigil-o; --brush, penik-o. pair = par-o. palace = palac-o. pale = pal-a. palisade = palisar-o. palm = (of the hand), polm-o. pamphlet = brosxur-o. pan = pat-o. paper = (material), paper-o; news--, jxurnal-o. paradise = paradiz-o. paragraph = paragraf-o. pardon = pardon-i (265). parallel = paralel-a. park = park-o. parlor = salon-o. parsley = petrosel-o. parsnip = pastinak-o. part = part-o; of a work or book, kajer-o; separate (trans.), disir-i, apartig-i, disdivid-i. participle = particip-o. pass = (intrans.), pas-i. passage = koridor-o. passenger = pasagxer-o. passion = pasi-o. passive = pasiv-a. past = (prep.), preter; (time), estintec-o; (grammatical), estint-o; (bygone), estint-a. paste = (glue), glu-i. pasteboard = karton-o. pastor = pastr-o. pastry = kukajx-o. pasture = (trans.), pasxt-i. patch = flik-i. path = vojet-o. patience = pacienc-o. patient = (ill person), kuracat-o. patty = pastecx-o. pause = pauxz-i. pavement = pavim-o; (sidewalk), trotuar-o. pay = pag-i; -- dues, kotiz-i. pea = piz-o. peace = pac-o. peach = persik-o. pear = pir-o. pearl = perl-o. peculiar = strang-a, kurioz-a. peddle = kolport-i. pedestal = piedestal-o. pedestrian = piedirant-o. peeling = sxel-o. pen = plum-o; (enclosure), ej-o (III). pencil = krajon-o; hair--, penik-o. penetrate = penetr-i. people = popol-o; (indefinite pronoun), oni (54). pepper = pipr-o. perceive = sent-i; (see), vid-i. percentage = procent-o; (of profit), tantiem-o. perfect = perfekt-a. perfidious = perfid-a. perform = (act), ag-i; (fulfil), plenum-i; (do), far-i. perfume = parfum-o; (odor), bonodor-o. period = period-o; (of time), epok-o; (punctuation), punkt-o. perish = pere-i. permit = permes-i. persecute = persekut-i; (worry), turment-i, gxen-i. persevere = persist-i. person = person-o. perspire = sxvit-i. persuade = konvink-i. pet = dorlot-i. petroleum = petrol-o. phantom = fantom-o. Pharaoh = faraon-o. pharmacy = farmaci-o; (shop), apotek-o. philosopher = filozof-o. photograph = fotograf-i. phrase = fraz-o. physician = kuracist-o. physics = fizik-o. pick = (choose), elekt-i; (gather), kolekt-i. pickle = pekl-i. picture = bild-o; (portrait), portret-o; -- gallery, pinakotek-o. picturesque = pitoresk-a, pentrind-a. pie = kukajx-o; (patty), pastecx-o. piece = pec-o. pig = pork-o. pigeon = kolomb-o. (be a) pilgrim = pilgrim-i. pillage = rab-i. pillar = kolon-o. pin = pingl-o. pinch = pincx-i. pine = (tree), pin-o; -- for, sopir-i je. pineapple = ananas-o. pinnacle = pint-o. pioneer = pionir-o. pious = pi-a. pipe = tub-o; (for smoking), pip-o. pitcher = krucx-o. pity = kompat-i; (regrettable affair), domagx-o. placard = afisx-o. place = lok-o; (for something), -ej-o (111); (broad, short street or open space), plac-o; (put), met-i. plait = plekt-i. plan = plan-o, projekt-o, skiz-o. plane = plat-a. planet = planed-o. plank = tabul-o. plant = plant-i; (vegetable growth), kreskajx-o, vegetajx-o. plate = plat-o; (dish) teler-o. platform = (railway), peron-o. play = lud-i; (music), muzik-i; (theatrical), teatrajx-o. player = (theatrical), aktor-o. pleasant = agrabl-a, dolcx-a, afabl-a. please = placx-i (265); kontentig-i, far-i plezuron al; (in requests), bonvolu, mi petas. pleasure = plezur-o; take -- in, gxu-i. plot = konspir-i. plow = plug-i. plum = prun-o. plumber = plumbist-o. plunder = rab-i. plural = multenombr-o. pneumatic = pneumatik-a. pocket = posx-o. poem = poem-o. poet = poet-o. poetry = poezi-o. point = punkt-o; (sharp), pint-o; -- out, montr-i. poise = (trans.), balanc-i; (of manner), aplomb-o. poison = venen-o. pole = stang-o; (shaft of vehicle), timon-o; (geographical), polus-o. Pole = pol-o. police = polic-o. polite = gxentil-a. politics = politik-o. polish = polur-i; polished, polurit-a, glat-a. pomp = pomp-o. popular = popular-o, popol-a. porcelain = porcelan-o. porch = verand-o; (stoop), peron-o; (balcony), balkon-o. pork = porkajx-o. port = haven-o. portion = porci-o, part-o. portrait = portret-o. possess = posed-i. possible = ebl-a (161, 162); kredebl-a (270). post = (pole), stang-o; (mail), posxt-o; --card, posxtkart-o; --paid, afrankit-e. postage = (cost), posxtelspezo; -- stamp, posxtmark-o. poster = afisx-o. pot = pot-o. potato = terpom-o; sweet --, batat-o. pound = pist-i; (measure), funt-o. pour = (liquids), versx-i; (as in a chute), sxut-i. powder = pudr-o. power = pov-o, potenc-o. practice = praktik-i. praise = lauxd-i. pray = pregx-i. preach = predik-i. precise = preciz-a, gxust-a. predestined = fatal-a. prefer = prefer-i. prefix = prefiks-o. premium = premi-o. prepare = prepar-i. prepay = afrank-i. presence = cxeest-o, apudest-o; in the -- of (prep.), cxe (125), antaux. present = (gift), donac-o; (time), estantec-o, estant-a, nun-a (171); (in attendance), cxeestant-a. present = prezent-i, donac-i, don-i. preserve = (keep), ten-i; (keep safe), konserv-i; (food), kompot-o, konfitajx-o. preside = prezid-i. president = prezidant-o. press = prem-i; (print), pres-i; (wardrobe), sxrank-o; (be urgent), urgx-i. pretend = (make pretext of), pretekst-i; (feign), sxajnig-i; (lay claim), pretend-i. price = prez-o, kost-o. prick = pik-i. priest = pastr-o. prince = princ-o, regxid-o. principal = precip-a, cxef-a. print = pres-i. prize = sxat-i; (premium), premi-o. prized = kar-a, altetaksat-a, sxatat-a. problem = problem-o. process = metod-o; (legal), proces-o. proclaim = proklam-i. procrastinate = prokrast-i. produce = produkt-i; -- a result, efik-i; (give birth to), nask-i. profession = profesi-o. professor = profesor-o. profile = profil-o. profit = profit-i; (percentage), tantiem-o. profound = profund-a. progress = progres-i. project = projekt-o. promenade = promen-i. promise = promes-i. propensity = inklin-o, em-o (192). (be) proper = dec-i. property = proprajx-o, posedajx-o; (land), bien-o; (characteristic), ec-o (202). proportional = proporci-a. propose = propon-i, sugesti-i. prose = prozo; piece of --, prozajxo. prosecute = persekut-i. prosper = prosper-i. protect = protekt-i, gard-i. protest = protest-i. proud = fier-a prove = pruv-i; (test), prov-i. provoke = incit-i, ekscit-i, kauxz-i, nask-i, kolerig-i. psalm = psalm-o. public = publik-o. publish = publikig-i, eldon-i. pudding = puding-o. pull = tir-i. pump = pump-i. pumpkin = kukurb-o. punish = pun-i. pure = pur-a. puree = pistajx-o. purple = purpur-a. purpose = cel-i, intenc-i. push = pusx-i; (shove), sxov-i. put = met-i; -- off, prokrast-i.

Q.

quality = ec-o (202); (texture, etc.), kvalito. quantity = kvant-o; any --, a certain --, iom (217); see table, 235. quarter = (of a city), kvartal-o; (fourth), kvaron-o; --ly, trimonat-a. question = demand-o; (problem), problem-o; (doubt), dub-o. quick = rapid-a; (lively), viv-a. quiet = kviet-a, trankvil-a, silent-a. quince = cidoni-o. quite = (adv.), tut-e. quote = cit-i.

R.

rabbit = kunikl-o. race = (people), ras-o. radish = rafan-o; horse--, armoraci-o. radius = radi-o. rag = cxifon-o. raging = furioz-a. rail = rel-o; --way, fervoj-o; --way carriage, vagon-o; --way station, stacidom-o. rain = pluv-o; --bow, cxielark-o. raise = lev-i. raisin = sekvinber-o. rank = rang-o; (grade), grad-o. rap = frapet-i. rapid = rapid-a. rascal = fripon-o, kanajl-o. rasp = rasp-i. raspberry = framb-o. rat = rat-o. rate = taks-i; (schedule of prices), tarif-o, prezar-o; (percentage), procent-o; at the -- of (prep.), po (175). rational = prudent-a, racional-a. raucous = rauxk-a. raven = korv-o. ravishing = rav-a. raw = nekuirit-a. ray = (of light), radi-o. reach = ating-i; (a goal), traf-i. read = leg-i. ready = pret-a. real = efektiv-a, real-a; ver-a. reap = rikolt-i. reason = (exert the power of reasoning), rezon-i; (cause), kauxz-o; (motive), kial-o; for what --, for any --, etc., see table, 235. reasonable = prudent-a. rebate = rabat-i. recall = revok-i; (to memory), rememor-i; (to another's memory), rememorig-i. receive = ricev-i; (accept), akcept-i; (money), enspez-i. receipt = (for payment), kvitanc-o. reckon = kalkul-i. recent = nov-a, antauxnelong-a (90). receptacle = uj-o (237); (for one object), ing-o (181). recess = (alcove), alkov-o; (vacation), libertemp-o. reciprocal = reciprok-a (180). recite = deklam-i. recline = kusx-i (239). recommend = rekomend-i. recompense = rekompensx-i. recover = (find), retrov-i; (get well), resanigx-i. red = rugx-a; reddish, duberugx-a. reduction = (of price), rabat-o. refine = rafin-i. refuse = rifuz-i, malpermes-i. refute = refut-i. regale = regal-i. region = region-o. register = (trans.), registr-i; (letters), rekomend-i. regret = bedauxr-i; (be penitent for), pent-i. regrettable = bedauxrind-a; -- affair (pity), domagx-o. regulation = regul-o, legx-o. reign = reg-i. rejoice = gxoj-i (116). relate = rilat-i (266); (tell), rakont-i. relative = (person), parenc-o. religion = religi-o. rely = konfid-i; fid-i. remain = rest-i; remaining (other), ceter-a. remember = memor-i; (recall to memory), rememor-i. render = far-i, ig-i (214); (an account), don-i, prezent-i, liver-i. renown = fam-o, glor-o. rent = lu-i; (let), luig-i; (farm out), farm-i; (price), luprez-o. repair = ripar-i; (patch), flik-i. repeat = ripet-i. repent = pent-i. report = raport-i. repose = ripoz-i. represent = reprezent-i. reproach = riprocx-i. republic = respublik-o. repulse = repusx-i, repel-i. request = pet-i. require = postul-i; (need), bezon-i. rescue = sav-i. reside = logx-i. respect = respekt-i. rest = (repose), ripoz-i; (remain), rest-i; (-- upon), apog-i sur. restaurant = restoraci-o. result = rezult-i. resume = resum-o. return = (go back), reir-i; (come back), reven-i; (give back), redon-i. revery = rev-o. review = (magazine), revu-o. reward = rekompenc-i. rhubarb = rabarb-o. rib = rip-o. ribbon = ruband-o. rice = riz-o. rich = ricx-a. ride = rajd-i; (in vehicle, boat, etc.), vetur-i. ridicule = mok-i; worthy of -- (ridiculous), ridind-a. right = prav-a; (to something), rajt-o; (not left), dekstr-a. right-angled = ort-a. ring = (intrans.), sonor-i; (circlet), ring-o. ringlet = (of hair), bukl-o. ripe = matur-a. river = river-o. road = voj-o; (broad roadway), sxose-o. roam = vag-i. roar = mugx-i. roast = rost-i. rob = rab-i, sxtel-i. robber = rabist-o. robe = rob-o. Robert = Robert-o. roguish = petol-a; (rascally), fripon-a. roll = (trans.), rul-i; (something around something else), volv-i; (bread), bulk-o; (list), list-o, registr-o. roof = tegment-o. room = cxambr-o; (space), spac-o. root = radik-o. rose = roz-o. (by) rote = parker-e. round = rond-o; (of ladder), sxtupet-o; (roundabout) (prep.) cxirkaux (89, 120, 159, 160). routine = rutin-o. row = (boats), rem-i. royalty = regxec-o; (share of profit) tantiem-o. rub = frot-i. ruin = ruin-o. rule = reg-i; (draw lines), lini-i; (regulation), regul-o. rumor = fam-o; rumored, lauxdir-a. run = kur-i; (of fluids), flu-i. Russian = rus-o. rust = rust-i.

S.

sack = sak-o; (plunder), rab-i. sacred = sankt-a. sacrifice = ofer-i, oferdon-i. saddle = sel-o. safe = sendangxer-a, senrisk-a; (chest), monkest-o. sail = vel-o. salad = salat-o. salary = salajr-o. salt = sal-o. salute = salut-i. same = sam-a. sample = specimen-o. sand = sabl-o. sap = suk-o. sardine = sarden-o. satchel = valiz-o. sated = sat-a. satin = atlas-o. satisfied = kontent-a; (of hunger), sat-a. Saturday = sabat-o. sausage = kolbas-o. sauce = sauxc-o. saucer = subtas-o, teleret-o. saucy = petol-a, malgxentil-a, insultem-a. savage = sovagx-a. save = sav-i; (keep), konserv-i; (economize), sxpar-i; (prep.), krom, escepte de. saw = seg-i. say = dir-i (77). scales = (for weighing), pesil-o. scarcely = (adv.), apenaux. scent = (trans.), flar-i. schedule = (of rates), tarif-o. science = scienc-o. scissors = tondil-o. Scot = (Scotchman), skot-o. scoundrel = kanajl-o, fripon-o. scrape = skrap-i. screen = sxirm-i. screw = sxrauxb-o; --driver, sxrauxbturnil-o. sculpture = skulpt-i. sea = mar-o. seal = sigel-i. season = (of the year), sezon-o. second = (of time), sekund-o; (in order), dua; a -- time (adv.), duafoje, bis. secret = sekret-o. secretary = sekretari-o. section = sekci-o, part-o, er-o (276). see = vid-i; -- to, zorg-i pri. seed = sem-o. seek = sercx-i; -- advice of, konsult-i. seem = sxajn-i; --ing, sxajn-a, kvazaux-a. seize = kapt-i. select = elekt-i. self = (reflexive), see 39, 40, 44; (intensive), mem (219). self-command = aplomb-o. sell = vend-i. senate = senat-o. send = send-i. sense = prudent-o, sagx-o; (meaning), senc-o; (feeling), sent-o. sentence = fraz-o; (legal), jugx-o, kondamn-o. separate = (intrans.), disigx-i, disir-i; (distinct), apart-a. September = septembr-o. serene = trankvil-a. series = seri-o, vic-o. serious = serioz-a, grav-a. serve = serv-i; (be good for), tauxg-i por. set = met-i; (of the sun), subir-i; (type), kompost-i; -- free, liberig-i; -- out (start), forir-i, ekir-i. seven = (adj.), sep (136). several = kelk-aj, kelk-e. severe = sever-a. sew = kudr-i. shade = (shadow), ombr-o; (tint) nuanc-o; (screen), sxirmil-o. shaft = (of vehicle), timon-o. shake = (trans.), sku-i; (oscillate), sxancel-i; -- hands, manprem-i. sham = pretekst-i. shape = form-o; --ly, beltali-a. share = partopren-i, divid-i, part-o, porci-o. sharp = akr-a; (pointed), pint-a. shatter = frakas-i. shave = raz-i. shawl = sxal-o. she = (pronoun), sxi (32, 37, 42). shear = tond-i. sheep = sxaf-o. shelf = bret-o. shell = sxel-o; (of mollusk), konk-o; to remove the --, sensxelig-i. shelter = sxirm-i. shepherd = pasxtist-o. shield = sxild-o; (protect), sxirm-i. shin-bone = tibi-o. shine = bril-i, lum-i. ship = sxip-o. shirt = cxemiz-o. shoe = sxu-o. shoot = (with gun, etc.), paf-i. shop = butik-o. shore = bord-o, marbord-o. short = mallong-a; --sighted, miop-a; --hand, stenografi-o. shoulder = sxultr-o. shove = sxov-i. shovel = sxovel-i. show = (trans.), montr-i. shrill = akr-a, akrason-a. shun = evit-i. shut = (trans.), ferm-i. side = flank-o; --board, telermebl-o; --walk, trotuar-o; --wise, oblikv-a. sift = kribr-i. sigh = sopir-i. sign = sign-o; -- the name, subskrib-i. signify = signif-i. silent = silent-a (239). silk = silk-o. silver = argxent-o. similar = simil-a. simple = simpl-a. sin = pek-i. since = (conj.), cxar, tial ke (83); (prep.), de, depost (89); (adv.), de tiam. sing = kant-i. single = sol-a, unuop-a; -- man (unmarried man), frauxl-o. sit = sid-i (239). six = (adj.), ses (136). sketch = skiz-i. skill = lertec-o; trial of --, konkurs-o. skin = (human), hauxt-o; (of animals), fel-o. skirt = jup-o. sky = cxiel-o. slanting = oblikv-a, klin-a. slate = (stone), ardez-o. slaughter = bucx-i. slave = sklav-o. sleep = dorm-i; lull to --, lul-i. sleeve = manik-o. slide = glit-i. slime = sxlim-o. slipper = pantofl-o. sly = ruz-a. smear = sxmir-i. smell = (trans.), flar-i; (intrans.), odor-i. smile = ridet-i. smoke = fum-i. smooth = glat-a; (polished), polurit-a. sneeze = tern-i. snow = negx-i. so = (conj.), do; (adv.), (thus), tiel (88, 156); (therefore), tial (78); -- much, tiom (104, 164). society = societ-o. Socrates = Sokrat-o. sofa = kanap-o. soft = mol-a. soil = ter-o; soiled, malpur-a. soldier = soldat-o; (professional), militist-o. sole = sol-a; (of foot), pland-o; (of shoe), ledpland-o. solemn = solen-a. some = kelk-a, kelk-e, iom (217); --one, --how, etc., see table, 235. son = fil-o. soon = (adv.), baldaux. sorcerer = sorcxist-o. sort = spec-o, klas-o; (put in order), ordig-i, enfakig-i. soul = anim-o. sound = (intrans.), son-i; (of bells), sonor-i; (in good condition), bonstat-a. soup = sup-o. sour = acid-a, maldolcx-a. south = sud-o. sow = sem-i. space = spac-o. spacious = vast-a, grandspac-a, grandampleks-a. Spaniard = hispan-o. spare = (save), sxpar-i; (pardon), pardon-i. sparrow = paser-o. speak = parol-i (77). spear = lanc-o. special = special-a, apart-a. specialty = fak-o. species = spec-o. specimen = specimen-o, model-o. spectre = fantom-o. speed = rapid-o, rapidec-o. spell = silab-i; (witchcraft), sorcxajx-o. spend = (money), elspez-i; (time), pasig-i. speso = spes-o (285). spider = arane-o. spin = sxpin-i. spinach = spinac-o. spite = malic-o; in -- of, (prep.), malgraux, spite. splash = (trans.), plauxd-i. splendor = pomp-o, bril-o, belegec-o. split = (trans.), fend-i. spoil = (trans.), difekt-i. spoke = (of wheel), radi-o. spoon = kuler-o. spot = makul-i. spout = (liquids), sxpruc-i. spring = (season), printemp-o; (of water), font-o. sprite = kobold-o, fe-o. spruce = (tree), pice-o. spurt = (of liquids), sxpruc-i. spy = spion-o; (catch sight of), ekvid-i; --glass, lorn-o. square = kvadrat-o; (public), plac-o. stain = makul-i. stair = (staircase), sxtupar-o. stag = cerv-o. stake = (of palisade), palis-o. stamp = (officially), stamp-i; (with foot), piedfrap-i; postage --, posxtmark-o. stand = star-i (239); (endure), sufer-i, elport-i. standard = (model), model-o; (flag), standard-o. star = stel-o; (any heavenly body), astr-o. starch = amel-o. state = (condition), stat-o; (political), sxtat-o; (governed body), regn-o. station = (state), stat-o; (railway, etc.), staci-o, stacidom-o. stay = rest-i. steady = firm-a, konstant-a, nemovebl-a. steal = sxtel-i, rab-i (252). steam = vapor-o. steel = sxtal-o. steep = krut-a. step = pasx-i; (of stairs), sxtup-o. stern = sever-a. stew = (trans.), stuf-i. stick = baston-o; (adhere), algluigx-i. still = (silent), silent-a; (adv.), ankoraux; jam; (conj.), tamen. stimulate = stimul-i, incit-i. sting = pik-i. stipulate = kondicx-o. stocking = sxtrump-o. stomach = stomak-o. stone = sxton-o. stoop = klinigx-i; (entrance porch), peron-o. stop = (intrans.), halt-i; (leave off), cxes-i; -- up, sxtop-i. stopper = sxtopil-o. store = (shop), butik-o; (warehouse), magazen-o, konservej-o, tenej-o. story = (tale), fabel-o, rakont-o; (of house), etagx-o. stove = forn-o. straight = rekt-a. strange = strang-a, kurioz-a; (foreign), fremd-a. strap = rimen-o. straw = pajl-o. strawberry = frag-o. streak = stri-o; make a --, strek-i. street = strat-o; -- arab, bub-o. street-car = tramveturil-o; -- line, tramvoj-o. stress = akcent-o; (force), fort-o. stretch = (trans.), etend-i; (forcibly), strecx-i. string = sxnur-o; (shoelace), lacx-o; -- bean, fazeol-o. strike = frap-i, bat-i; (of laborers), strik-o; -- out, trastrek-i. strip = (of paper, cloth, etc.), banderol-o; -- off, senig-i. stripe = stri-o. strive = pen-i. strong = fort-a. struggle = barakt-i. student = student-o; (person studying), studant-o. study = stud-i. stuff = sxtof-o; (furniture, etc.), rembur-i. stump = stump-o. style = stil-o, mod-o, fason-o. subject = (theme), tem-o; (grammatical), subjekt-o; (ruled), regat-o. subscribe = subskrib-i; (to magazine, etc.), abon-i. substance = substanc-o. succeed = sukces-i; (fare well), prosper-i; (follow), sekv-i, postven-i. succulent = suk-a, sukplen-a. such = tia (65); (adv.), tiel (88). sudden = subit-a, neatendit-a. suffer = sufer-i, toler-i; (permit), permes-i. suffice = suficx-i. suffix = sufiks-o. suffocate = (trans.), sufok-i. sugar = suker-o. suggest = sugesti-i, propon-i. suit = (of clothes), vest-oj, komplet-o; (at law), proces-o. suitable = konven-a, konform-a, tauxg-a, dec-a. suite = (of rooms), apartament-o. sulphur = sulfur-o. sum = sum-o; (total), tut-o. summarize = resum-i. summer = somer-o; --house, lauxb-o. summit = pint-o, supr-o. sun = sun-o. Sunday = dimancx-o. superior = super-a; (person), superul-o. superstition = supersticx-o. supply = liver-i, proviz-i. suppose = supoz-i; opini-i. sure = cert-a. surface = suprajx-o. surprise = surpriz-i. suspect = suspekt-i. suspend = pendig-i. suspenders = sxelk-o. swallow = glut-i; (bird), hirund-o. swamp = marcx-o. swan = cign-o. swear = jxur-i. Swede = sved-o. sweep = (floors, etc.), bala-i. sweet = dolcx-a; --potato, batat-o. sweetmeat = bombon-o, sukerajx-o, konfitajx-o; be fond of --, frand-i. swim = nagx-i. swine = pork-o. swing = (trans.), sving-i; (balance), balanc-i (279). Swiss = svis-o. swoon = sven-i. sword = glav-o. syllable = silab-o. Syracuse = Sirakuz-o.

T.

table = (furniture), tabl-o; (tabulation), tabel-o. tail = vost-o. tailor = tajlor-o. take = pren-i; (magazines, etc.), abon-i; -- in (money), enspez-i; -- place, okaz-i; -- note of, observ-i, rimark-i; -- oath, jxur-i; -- steps toward accomplishing, klopod-i; -- pleasure in, gxu-i; -- the attention of, distr-i. tale = fabel-o. talent = talent-o. tall = alt-a, altkresk-a, grand-a. talon = ungeg-o. tap = (rap), frapet-i; (faucet), kran-o. tariff = tarif-o. task = task-o. taste = gust-o, gustum-i. tax = impost-o. tea = te-o; -- caddy, teuj-o (181); --pot, tekrucx-o. teach = instru-i. tear = sxir-i; (of the eye), larm-o. tease = turmentet-i, cxagren-i. tedious = ted-a, enuig-a, lacig-a. telegraph = telegraf-i. telephone = telefon-i. telescope = teleskop-o. tell = dir-i, rakont-i (77); -- lies, mensog-i. temper = humor-o; lose the --, koler-i. temple = (of the head), tempi-o; (building), templ-o. tempt = tent-i. ten = (adj.), dek (136). tender = delikat-a, mol-a, kares-a. tenor = (voice), tenor-o; (course), dauxr-o. tent = tend-o. term = (word), termin-o; (condition), kondicx-o; (time), templim-o. terrace = teras-o. territory = teritori-o. terror = terur-o. test = prov-i, ekzamen-i. texture = kvalit-o; (thing woven), teksajx-o. than = (conj.), ol (82, 97, 98). thank = dank-i (265). that = (conj.), ke (53, 83, 105, 259, 262); (pronoun), tiu (56); tio (233, 234); -- kind, tia (65); (adv.), tiel (88, 156); -- way, tiamanier-e, tiel (88); -- much, tiel mult-e, tiom (104, 164); (when) (adv.), kiam (155). thaw = (intrans.), degel-i. the = (article), la (11, 47, 201, 280, a); (adv.), ju, des (84). theatre = teatr-o. theme = tem-o. then = (conj.), do; (adv.), tiam (73); (afterwards), post-e. theory = teori-o. there = (adv.), tie (68); (adv. calling attention), jen (228); see also 51. therefore = (adv.), tial (78); pro tio, sekv-e. they = (pronoun), ili (32, 37, 42); (indefinite), oni (54). thick = dik-a, dens-a. thigh = femur-o. thing = afer-o, objekt-o, ajx-o (227); any--, what --, etc., see table, 235. think = pens-i; (have the opinion), opini-i. (be) thirsty = soif-i. this = (pronoun), tio cxi (233, 234); (pronoun and adj.), tiu cxi (60); all --, cxio cxi. See table, 235. thong = rimen-o. thorn = dorn-o. thou = (pronoun), ci (40). though = (conj.), kvankam; as --, kvazaux (250). thousand = (adj.), mil (142). thread = faden-o; -- a needle, enkudrilig-i fadenon. threaten = minac-i. three = (adj.), tri (136). threshold = sojl-o. thrifty = sxparem-a. throat = gorgx-o. throne = tron-o. throng = amas-o, ar-o (126). through = (prep.), tra (46, 160); (by means of), per (64); (because of), pro (86), de (170). throw = jxet-i. thumb = dika fingr-o. thunder = tondr-i. Thursday = jxauxd-o. thus = (adv.), tiel (88, 156), tiamanier-e. ticket = bilet-o; -- window, gicxet-o. tickle = tikl-i. tie = lig-i; (shoes, etc.), lacx-i. tiger = tigr-o. tile = kahel-o; (brick), brik-o. till = (money box), kas-o; (prep.), gxis (46, 89); -- the soil, terkultur-i. time = (in general), temp-o; (occasion), foj-o (127); (epoch), epok-o; (of day), hor-o. tin = (metal), stan-o; -- plate (sheet iron covered with tin), lad-o. tinkle = tint-i. tint = nuanc-o, kolor-o. tire = (trans.), lacig-i, enuig-i; (pneumatic), pneuxmatik-o. to = (prep.), al (46, 160, 251, 252); gxis (46, 89). toad = buf-o. toast = (bread), panrostajx-o; (sentiment), tost-o. tobacco = tabak-o. today = (adv.), hodiaux (93, 171). toe = piedfingr-o. toilet = tualet-o. tolerate = toler-i, sufer-i. tomato = tomat-o. tomb = tomb-o. tomorrow = (adv.), morgaux (93, 171). tone = ton-o. tongue = (of the body), lang-o; (of vehicle), timon-o; (language), lingv-o. too = (adv.), tro; (too much), tro multe, tro. tool = il-o (63). tooth = dent-o. top = supr-o. torment = turment-i. total = tut-o. touch = tusx-i; (feel with the fingers, etc.), palp-i; sense of --, palpad-o; -- the heart of, kortusx-i. toward = (prep.), al (46, 160, 251, 252). tower = tur-o; -- above, superstar-i. trace = sign-o, postsign-o. trade = (occupation), meti-o; (commerce), komerc-o; (exchange), intersxangx-i. train = (of cars), vagonar-o; (of dress), trenajx-o. tram = tram-o; --way, tramvoj-o; -- car, tramveturil-o. tranquil = trankvil-a; kviet-a. translate = traduk-i. travel = vojagx-i; (by vehicle), vetur-i. tray = plet-o. treacherous = perfid-a. treasure = trezor-o. treasurer = kasist-o. treasury = kas-o. treat = (in speech or writing), trakt-i; (for illness), kurac-i; (act towards), kondut-i kontraux; (regale), regal-i. treatise = traktat-o. tree = arb-o. tremble = trem-i; (vacillate), sxanceligx-i. trial = jugxa auxskultado, esplorad-o; (of skill), konkurs-o; (affliction), malgxoj-o, sufer-o; (test), prov-o, ekzamen-o; (attempt), prov-o. trifle = bagatel-o. triumph = triumf-o. tropic = tropik-o. trot = trot-i. trousers = pantalon-o. trunk = (chest with lid), kofr-o; (of tree), trunk-o. trust = fid-i, konfid-i; (financial), trust-o. truth = ver-o. try = (legally), jugx-i; (strive), pen-i; (attempt, test), prov-i. tub = kuv-o. tube = tub-o. tuber = tuber-o. Tuesday = mard-o. tumbler = (for drinking), glas-o; (juggler), jxonglist-o. tune = ari-o, melodi-o. Turk = turk-o. turkey = meleagr-o. turn = (trans.), turn-i; (in a series), vic-o. turnip = nap-o. turnstile = gicxet-o. twilight = krepusk-o. twist = (trans.), tord-i. twitter = pep-i. two = (adj.), du (136). tyrant = tiran-o.

U.

umbrella = ombrel-o. uncle = onkl-o. unanimous = unuvocx-a, unuanim-a. uncommon = kurioz-a, nekomun-a. unconcerned = indiferent-a; nezorgem-a. under = (prep.), sub (121, 160). underline = substrek-i. understand = kompren-i. undertake = entrepren-i; -- initiative work, klopod-i. undeviating = rekt-a. unfailing = (adv.), nepr-e, cert-e. unimportant = indiferent-a, negrav-a. union = unuig-o, unuigx-o, kunig-o, kunigx-o. universe = univers-o. university = universitat-o. until = (prep.), gxis (89) up = (adv.), supre, supren (121); -- to, gxis (46). upholster = rembur-i. upper = supr-a. upon = (prep.), sur (160). upright = just-a; (vertical), vertikal-a. urge = urgx-i, insiste pet-i. upset = (trans.), renvers-i. utmost = ekstrem-a, ebl-o (161, see also 162).

V.

(be) vacant = vak-i, esti neokupata. vacillate = sxanceligx-i. vagabond = vagist-o. vain = (futile), van-a; senutil-a, senfrukt-a; (proud), vant-a, fier-a; in --, vane. valise = valiz-o. valley = val-o. value = (appraise), taks-i; (like), sxat-i; have the -- of, valor-i. vanquish = venk-i. vapor = vapor-o. varied = divers-a, malsimil-a. vase = vaz-o. vast = vast-a, grand-a. vaunt = fanfaron-i, vantparol-i. veal = bovidajx-o (207, c). vegetable = (edible), legom-o; (plant growth), vegetajx-o, kreskajx-o (227, a). vegetarian = vegetar-a. vegetate = veget-i. veil = vual-o. vein = vejn-o. velvet = velur-o. veranda = verand-o. verify = konstat-i, kontrol-i. vermicelli = vermicxel-o. verse = vers-o; (poesy), poezi-o. vertical = vertikal-a. very (very much) = (adv.), tre, tre multe; (adj.), sam-a, ident-a, (intensive) mem (219). vex = cxagren-i. vibrate = (intrans.), vibr-i. vice = (wickedness), malvirt-o; (prefix), vic-. vie = konkur-i. village = vilagx-o. vindication = apologi-o. vinegar = vinagr-o. violet = viol-o. violin = violon-o. virtue = virt-o. visage = vizagx-o. visit = vizit-i. vivid = hel-a. voice = vocx-o. volume = (book), volum-o; (of a body), volumen-o. vote = vocxdon-i, balot-i. vowel = vokal-o. voyage = vojagx-i.

W.

wade = vad-i. waffle = vafl-o. wager = vet-i. wages = salajr-o. wait = (wait for), atend-i; -- on, serv-i. waiter = (in restaurant, etc.), kelner-o. waist = tali-o; --coat, vesxt-o wake = (trans.), vek-i. walk = marsx-i; (for pleasure), promen-i; (of park, etc.), ale-o; side--, trotuar-o. wall = mur-o. waltz = vals-i. wander = vag-i. want = (need), bezon-i; (desire), dezir-i, vol-i; (be lacking), mank-i; (extremity), mizereg-o. war = milit-i. wardrobe = (garments), vestar-o; (furniture), sxrank-o, vestosxrank-o. warehouse = magazen-o. warm = varm-a; make --, varmig-i, hejt-i. warn = avert-i; (give notice), aviz-i, antauxsciig-i. wash = lav-i. waste = (prodigality), malsxpar-o; (refuse), forjxetajx-o; (desert), dezert-o. watch = (look at), rigardad-i; (timepiece), posxhorlogx-o; -- over, gard-i. water = akv-o; -- color, akvarel-o; --fall, kaskad-o. wave = ond-o; (flutter, brandish), flirt-i, sving-i. wax = vaks-o. way = (manner), manier-o; (custom), kutim-o; (method), metod-o; (means), rimed-o; (road), voj-o; -- in, enirejo; this --, any--, etc., see table, 235. we = (pronoun), ni (32, 37). wear = port-i; -- out, eluz-i. (be) wearied = enu-i. weather = veter-o; --cock, ventoflag-o. weave = teks-i; (plait), plekt-i. Wednesday = merkred-o. week = semajn-o. weep = plor-i. weigh = (trans.), pes-i; (intrans.), (be heavy), pez-i; (meditate upon), pripens-i (264, c). welcome = bonven-i; bone akcept-i; you are --, ("no thanks needed"), estas nenio, volonte farite. well = (healthy), san-a; (for water), put-o; (adv.), bon-e; (interjection), nu (273), bon-e; -- informed, kler-a; -- nigh (adv.), preskaux. west = okcident-o. wet = malsekig-i, tremp-i. whale = balen-o. what = (pronoun), kio (233, 234); (pronominal adj.), kiu (106, 146); -- kind, -- way, -- time, etc., see table, 235. wheat = tritik-o. wheel = rad-o. when = (adv.), kiam (125, 155); (while), dum (96). where = (adv.), kie (118, 151); --fore, kial (129), tial (78). whether = (conj.), cxu (30, 66, a). which = (pronoun), kio (233, 234); (pronoun and adj.), kiu (106, 146); -- way, -- kind, etc. see table, 235. while = (prep.), dum (120, 159); (conj.), dum (96); (concessive), kvankam; a --, iom da tempo. whip = vip-i. whistle = fajf-i; (hiss), sibl-i. white = blank-a; whitish, dubeblank-a. who = (pronoun), kiu (106, 143); whose, kies (107, 147). whole = (entire), tut-a. why = (adv.), kial (129), pro kio. wicket = gicxet-o. wide = largx-a; make --, plilargxig-i, etend-i. widow = vidvin-o; widower, vidv-o. wig = peruk-o. wild = sovagx-a. (be) willing = vol-i. willingly = volont-e. wilt = velk-i. wind = vent-o, survolv-i; (twist), tord-i; (a watch), strecx-i. winding = tord-a. window = fenestr-o; ticket --, gicxet-o. wine = vin-o. winter = vintr-o. wipe = visx-i. wise = sagx-a. wish = vol-i, dezir-i. witch = sorcxistin-o; --craft, sorcx-o. with = (prep.), kun (70, 76, 120, 159, 160); (by means of), per (64); (agent of the passive), de (169); je (260); -- regard to, rilate (266); --draw, elir-i, forir-i; (= having), havante (222). wither = velk-i. without = (prep.), sen (248). (give) witness = atest-i. witty = sprit-a. woe = malgxoj-o; (interjection), ve (273). wolf = lup-o. wonder = mir-i. woo = amindum-i. wood = lign-o. wool = lan-o. word = vort-o; (spoken), parol-o. work = labor-i; (of machinery), funkci-i; (literary composition), verk-o. world = mond-o. worm = verm-o. worship = ador-i; (divine service), Diserv-o. (be) worth = valor-i. worthy = ind-a (154). wound = vund-i. wreath = girland-o. wrestle = barakt-i. wretch = fripon-o, kanajl-o; --ed, mizer-a, acx-a (272). wrinkle = sulket-o, faldet-o. write = skrib-i; (books, articles, music), verk-i. wrong = malprav-a, erar-a, maljust-a.

Y.

yawn = osced-i; (open), fendigx-i. year = jar-o. yearn = sopir-i; dezireg-i. yellow = flav-a; --ish, dubeflav-a. yes = (adv.), jes (171). yesterday = (adv.), hieraux (93, 171); day before --, antaux-hieraux. yet = (adv.), ankoraux; jam; (conj.), tamen. yoke = jug-o. you = (pronoun), vi (32, 37, 39); see also oni (54). young = jun-a; (offspring), id-o (207).

Z.

zeal = fervor-o. zenith = zenit-o. zero = nul-o. zigzag = zigzag-o. zinc = zink-o. zone = zon-o. zoology = zoologi-o.

INDEX.

The references are to sections, unless the page (p.) is given. The following abbreviations are used: ace. = accusative; adj. = adjective; adv. = adverb; expr. = expressed; ftn. = footnote; inf. = infinitive; intrans. = intransitive; prep. = preposition; trans. = transitive. For Esperanto words whose use or meaning is specially explained, references are given in the Vocabulary.

A.

Abbreviations, 286; of ordinals, p. 107, ftn. Abstract nouns, 202. Accent, 8; of elided word, 280, b. Accompaniment, 70; distinguished from instrumentality and opposition, p. 49, ftn. Accordance, expr. by "laux", 191. Active voice, participles of, 108, 119, 152; tenses of, see Tenses; synopsis of, 267. Accusative, ending, 23; of adj., 24; of pronoun, 37; of adv., 69, 121; of direction, 46, 108; of measure, 139; of time, 91; distinguished from temporal adv., 94; with temporal adv., 93; when avoided, 92; after adv., 266; with intrans. verb, 264; with nouns expressing motion, 263; in composition, p. 132, ftn.; instead of prepositional phrase, 265, 266; not used after prep., 36, ("al, gxis, tra") 46, ("preter") p. 139, ftn.; not used with article, 25; not used with predicates, 25, 210; "cognate," see acc. with intrans. verbs, 264, a. Adjectives, defined, 12; ending of, 12; formation of, 116, (from adv.) 171, (from prep.) 159; attributive, 13; acc. of, 24; plural of, 17; agreement, (with nouns) 17, 21, 24, (with pronouns) 33, (with words connected by "nek") 31; comparison of, 74; possessive, 43, (pronominal use of) 45; predicate, 19, (after trans, verbs) 210; use of, distinguished from adv. with "da", 103; demonstrative, 65; distributive, 177; indefinite, 208; interrogative, 112; negative, 224; reflexive possessive, 44; relative, 150; causative verbs from roots of, 214, a; intrans. verbs from roots of, 232, c; cardinal, 136; ordinal, 149. Adverbs, defined, 66; primary, 66; derived, 79; (from prep.) 120; demonstrative, ("tie") 68, ("tiam") 73, ("tial") 78, ("tiel") 88, ("tiom") 104; interrogative, ("kie") 118, ("kiam") 123, ("kial") 129, ("kiel") 134, ("kiom") 140, ("cxu") 30, p. 38, ftn.; relative, ("kie") 151, ("kiam") 155, ("kiel") 156, p. 170, ftn., ("kiom") 164; distributive, ("cxie") 182, ("cxiam") iS7, ("cxial") 188, ("cxiel") 193, ("cxiom") 194; indefinite, ("ie") 209, ("iam") 212, ("ial") 213, ("iel") 216, ("iom") 217; negative, ("nenie") 225, ("neniam") 226, ("nenial") 229, ("neniel") 230, ("neniom") 231, ("ne") 27, 66, a; generalizing, ("ajn") 236; numeral, 158; position of, 66, a; expressing direction of motion, 69, 121; with expressions of time, 93; distinguishing from acc. of time, 94; with acc., 266; with prep., 87; calling attention, ("jen") 228; causative verbs from, 214, c; intrans. verbs from, 232, d; as interjections, p. 216, ftn.; derivation of words from primary, 171. Adverbial clauses, p. 168, ftn.; participle, 222, (translating "without") p. 193, ftn. Adversative conjunctions, p. 32, ftn. Advice, expression of, 257, 259. Affectionate diminutives, 283 (also 198, and ftn., p. 221). Affirmation, 66. Affixes, see Prefixes, Suffixes. Agency, expr. by "de", 169. Agreement, of attributive adj., 17, (with acc.) 24; of predicate noun and adj., 21; of adj. with two or more nouns, 17; of adj. with words connected by "nek", 31; of adj. with pronouns, 33; of participle, 108; of nouns in apposition, 48. Alphabet, I. Anticipation, expr. by clause, 97; by inf. with prep., 98. Aoristic tenses, explained, p. 78, ftn.; conjugation of, (present) 14, (past) 35, (future) 55, (conditional) 241, (imperative), 254. Apposition, 48. Argumentative conjunction, p. 32, ftn. Article, definite, 11; invariable, 18, 25; for possessive adj., 47; with possessive adj., 45; generic, 201, 218, b, elision of, 280, a; no indefinite, II. Assumption, defined, 240; implied, 244. Augmentatives, 122. Auxiliary verbs, 109.

C.

Cardinal numerals, 136; formation of, 142. Case, see Accusative, Dative, Nominative, Possessive. Causative verbs, 214. Cause, expr. by clause, 83; by "pro", 86; by "ke", p. 222, ftn. Characteristic, expr. by "kun", 76; by adverbial participle, 222. Clauses, defined, p. 34, ftn.; adverbial, p. 168, ftn.; causal, 83; of anticipation, 97; of duration of time, 96; of imaginative comparison, 250; of purpose, 262; of result, 105; subordinate imperative, 259. "Cognate acc.," see acc. with intrans. verbs, 264. Collective nouns, 126. Collective sense given by use of "da", 103. Commands, expression of, 256; in subordinate clause, 259. Complement of prep., 36. Complementary inf., 29. Comparison, of adj., 74; of adv., 79; of words expressing quantity, 81; containing "ol", 82; "ju" and "des" in, 84. Composition, see Compounds. Compound tenses, explained, 109; of impersonal verbs, 179; conjugation of, see Tenses. Compounds, dependent, 176; descriptive, 167; possessive, 184. Conclusion (of conditions) defined, 240; (of letters), see Correspondence. Concrete nouns, formation of, 227. Conditional mood, 241; compound tenses of, 242; in contrary to fact conditions, 246; in less vivid conditions, 243; independent use of, 244; of "devi", 247; conditional sentences, see Conditions. Conditions, defined, 240; contrary to fact, 246; factual, 240; less vivid, 243; vivid, p. 189, ftn.; summary of, 249. Conjugation, 34; synopsis of, 267; of tenses, see Tenses. Conjunctions, defined, 52; coordinating, 52; subordinating, 53, (not omitted) p. 34, ftn.; "aux", p. 32, ftn.; "kaj", 26, p. 32, ftn.; "ke", (in indirect statements), 53, (in causal clauses) 83, p. 222, ftn.; (in result clause) 105, (in purpose clause) 262, (in subordinate imperative clause) 259; "kvazaux", 250; "nek", 31, p. 32, ftn.; "se", 240; "sed", p. 32, ftn.; "tamen", p. 32, ftn.; "do", p. 32, ftn.; see p. 110, ftn. Connection, expr. by "de", 49; indefinite, expr. by "je", 260. Consent, expression of, 257, (in subordinate clauses) 259. Consonants, combinations of, 6; pronunciation of, 3, names of, 4. Contrary to fact conditions, 246. Coordinating conjunctions, 52. Copulative conjunctions, p. 32, ftn. Correlative words, 235. Correspondence, 278.

D.

Dates, expr. by acc., 91; expr. by "antaux", 90; expr. by prep., 89; on letters, see Correspondence, 278. "Dative," ethical, of reference, of separation, p. 197, ftn. Definite quantity, nouns of, followed by "de", 100. Degree, advs. of, 66, ("tiel") 88, ("kiel") 134, 156; highest possible, 162; see also Comparison. Deliberation, expression of, 257, (in subordinative clause) 259. Demonstrative, pronoun, ("tiu") 56, ("cxi tiu") 60, ("tio, cxi tio") 233; adjective, 65; adv., see Adverbs. Dependent compounds, 176. Derivation, of adv., 79, (from prep.) 120; of words from prep., 159; of words from primary adv., 171. Descriptive compounds, 167. Diminutives, 198; affectionate, 283. Diphthongs, 5. Direct object, defined, 23; inf. as, see Complementary inf., 29; clause as, 53, 259; of complementary inf., 29; of participle, 108; of prep., see Complement, 36. Direction, expr. by acc. (of noun) 46, 263, (of adv.) 121. Disjunctive conjunctions, p. 32, ftn. Distributive, prep., see "po", 175; pronoun, ("cxiu") 173, ("cxio") 233; adj., 177; adv., see Adverbs. Double letters, 6, e.

E.

Elision, 280. Emphasis, by "ecx", 66; by "ja", 215. Emphatic negation, 27. Ending, of acc., 23; of adj., 12; of adv., 79; of noun, 10; of plural, 16; of inf., 28; of indicative, 14, 35, 55; of conditional, 241, of imperative, 254; of participle, see Participles. "Ethical dative," p. 197, ftn. Exclamations, 115; use of "je" in, 260. Exhortation, 255. Expedience, expressions of, 259.

F.

Factual conditions, 240. Feminine nouns, formation of, 59. Formation, of words, 116; of opposites, 67, of feminines, 59; with "-ig-" and "-igx-", 239; from primary words, 159, 171. Fractions, 166. Frequentative verbs, 218, a. Future participle, (active) 152, (passive) 199. Future tense, 55, (progressive) 114, (passive) 183, periphrastic, 153, 200. Future perfect tense, 148, (passive) 196.

G.

Generic article, 201. 218, b. Generalizing adv. "ajn", 236.

H.

Highest degree possible, 162.

I.

Imaginative comparison, 250. Imperative mood, 254; in commands and prohibitions, 256; in resolve and exhortation, 255, in subordinate clauses, 259;. less peremptory uses of, 257; to express purpose, 262. Imperfect tense, 113, (passive) 178. Impersonal verbs, 50, compound tenses of, 179; modifiers of, 141. Impersonally used verbs, explained, 141; modifiers of, 141. Inchoative verbs, 232, a. Indefinite connection, expr. by "je", 260. Indefinite, pronoun, ("iu") 203, ("io") 233; (personal) 54; adj., 208; advs., see Adverbs; prep., 260; suffix, 268; quantity, expressions of, with "da", 99, 101. Independent use of conditional mood, 244. Indicative mood, defined, 241; tenses of, see Synopsis, 267. "Indirect object," see "al". Indirect quotation, tenses in, 58; statements in, 53; questions in, p. 38, ftn.; p. 170, ftn. Infinitive, defined, 28, 241; ending of, 28; complementary, 29; as subject, 29; modifiers of, 130; synopsis of, 267; with prep., 98; replaced by noun, 218, b. Instruction, (orders), requests for, 257, 259. Instrumentality, expr. by "per", 64; distinguished from accompaniment, p. 49, ftn. Instruments, formation of names of, 63. Intensive pronoun, "mem", 219. Intention, expr. by clause, 259. Interjections, 273. International money system, 285; weights and measures, 284. Interrogation, 30, 66, a. Interrogative, pronoun, ("kiu") 106, (kio) 233; adj., 112; advs., see Adverbs. Intransitive verbs, defined, 22; no passive, p. 122, ftn.; from adj. roots, 232, c; from noun roots, advs., preps., suffixes, prefixes, 232, d; from trans, verb roots, 232, b, (table of), 279. Introductory particle, not needed, 50, 51. Invariability, of article, 18; of "mem", 219; of verb, 18; of cardinals, 136. Inversion, not needed in questions, 30.

L.

Less peremptory uses of imperative, 257. Less vivid conditions, 243. Letters, names of, 4; double, pronunciation of, 6, e; see also Correspondence, 278. Limitation of third personal pronoun, 42.

M.

Manner, expr. by "kun", 76; expr. by. "per", p. 53, ftn.; by adverbial participle, 222; advs. of, see Adverbs. Material, expression of, 197. Means, expression of, 64. Measure, ace. of, 139; expr. by "je", 260. Measures, weights and, 284. Metric system, 284. Modifiers of impersonally used verbs, 141. Money system, The international, 285. Mood, defined, 241; inf., see Infinitive; conditional, 241; imperative, 254; indicative, see 267; in conditions, see Conditions. Moral obligation, 247. Motive or reason, advs. of, see Adverbs; expr. by clause, 83; expr. by prep., 86.

N.

Names, of letters, 4; orthography of proper, 128. Necessity, expression of, 259. Negative, pronoun, ("neniu") 220; ("nenio") 233; adj., 224; advs., see Adverbs; conjunction, 31. "Nominative absolute," how rendered, p. 169, ftn. Nominative case, ending of, (for nouns) 10, (for adj.) 12; of predicate noun and adj., 25, 210; with prep., 36, ("al", "gxis", "tra") 46. Noun, defined, 10, ending of, 10, plural of, 16; acc. of, 23; elision of, 280, b; feminine, 59; numeral, 157; participial, 205; predicate, 20, 211; possessive case of, 49; expressing motion, followed by acc., 263; expressing quantity, followed by "da", 99, by "de", 100; replacing inf., 218, b; replacing participial phrase, p. 193, ftn.; from adv., 171; from prep., 159. Noun roots, causative verbs from, 214, c; intrans. verbs from, 232, d. Number, see Plural. Numeral nouns, 157; advs., 158. Numerals, cardinal, 136; formation of, 142; fractional, 166; ordinal, 149; abbreviation of, p. 107, ftn.; followed by "el", 138.

O.

Object, see Direct object, Indirect object, Complement. Obligation, 247, (moral) 247. Opposites, formation of, 67; of "pli" and "plej", 80. Opposition, distinguished from accompaniment, p. 49, ftn. Order, of word endings, p. 10, ftn.; see also Position. Ordinal numerals, 149; advs., 158; abbreviation of, p. 107, ftn. Orthography, of proper nouns, 128.

P.

Part of the whole, expression of, (after noun) 99, (after adv.) 101. Participial nouns, 205; advs., 222. Participle, defined, 108; agreement of, 108; adverbial, 222, (translating "without") p. 193, ftn.; present, 108, (passive) 165; past, 119, (passive) 189; future, 152, (passive) 199. Particle, introductory, not needed, 50, 51. Partitive construction, p. 74, ftn. Passive voice, agent of, 169; participles of, see Participles; tenses of, see Tenses; of "-ig-" formations, 239; distinguished from "-igx-" formations, 232, b. Past tense, 35, (passive) see Imperfect; past participle, see Participles. Past periphrastic future, 153, (passive) 200. Past inception, present action with, 131. Peremptory commands and prohibitions, 256, 259. Perfect tense, 124, (passive) 190; perfect participle, see Past participle. Periphrastic futures, 153, (passive) 200. Permission, expression of, 269. Perplexity, expression of, 257, 259. Personal pronouns, 32; acc. of, 37; indefinite, 54; reflexive, 39, 40; limitation of third personal, 42; position of unemphatic, 274. Place, expr. by "cxe", 125; advs. of, see Adverbs; expr. by "-ej-", III; 128. Pluperfect tense, 135, (passive), 195. Plural, of nouns, 16; of pronouns, 56, 106, 203, 173, 220; of adj., 16; of "unu", 137; none of article, 18; none of pronouns ending in "-o", 233. Position, of attributive adj., 13; of adv., 66, a; of emphatic negative, 27; of unemphatic pronoun, 274; of interrogative adv., 30. Possession, expr. by "de", 49. Possessive, adjective, 43; reflexive, 44; article for, 47; ftn., p. 221. Possessive case of nouns, 49; of pronouns, ("ties") 62, ("kies") 107, 147, ("cxies") 174, ("ies") 204, ("nenies") 221; see also Possessive adjective, 43. Possessive compounds, 184. "Possessive pronouns," p. 24, ftn. Possibility, expression of, 270. Predicate, adj., 19, agreement of, 21; after trans, verbs, 210; noun, 20; agreement of, 21; after trans. verb, 211; clause as, 259. Prefixes, causative verbs from, 214, c; intrans. verbs from, 232, d; prep. as, 160, 248; adverb as, 71, 167, a, interjection as, p. 216, ftn.; "bo-", 277; "dis-", 245; "duon-", 277; "ek-", 206; "eks-", 281; "ge-", 271; "mal-", 67; "pra-", 282; "re-", 223. Prepositions, defined, 36; with inf., 98; with adv., 87; with other preps., 87; case use with, 36, 46; expressing time relations, 89; as prefixes, 160; word derivation from, 159; advs. from, 120; causative verbs from, 214, c; intrans. verbs from, 232, d; making intrans. verbs trans., 264, b, c; see also references in Vocabulary. Prepositional phrase, acc. instead of, 265, 266. Present action with past inception, 131. Present periphrastic future, 153, (passive) 200. Present participle, 108, (passive) 165. Present tense, 14, (progressive) 110, (passive) 168. Primary adverbs, defined, 66; derivation of words from, 171. Probability, expression of, 270. Progressive tenses, present, 110, future, 114; passive, 200. Prohibition, expression of, 256, 259. Pronominal adjective, possessive adj. as, 45; pronoun as, ("tiu") 57, 60, ("kiu") 106, 146, ("cxiu") 173, ("iu") 203, ("neniu") 220, ("ambaux") 238. Pronouns, defined, 32; agreement with, 33; personal, 32; indefinite personal, 54; reflexive, 38, 39, 40, (in composition) p. 132, ftn.; possessive, p. 24, ftn.; possessive form of, see Possessive case; limitation of third personal, 42; position of unemphatic, 274; correlation of predicative or relative, 234; followed by "el", 173, p. 115, ftn.; series in "-o", 233; demonstrative, 56, 60, 233; distributive, 173, 233; indefinite, 203, 233; interrogative, 106, 233; negative, 220, 233; relative, 146; 233; summary, 235; "ambaux", 238; intensive, 219. Proper nouns, orthography of, 128. Protestations, use of "je" in, 260. Proximity, expr. by "cxi", 60, 66, p. 229, ftn. Purpose, expr. by inf., 98; by imperative, 262; by prep., 95.

Q.

Quantity, construction with nouns expressing, 99, 100; construction with advs. expressing, 101; advs. of, ("tiom") 104, ("kiom") 140, 164, ("cxiom") 194, ("iom") 217, ("neniom") 231; comparison of advs. expressing, 81. Questions, 30; indirect, p. 38, ftn., p. 170, ftn.; of deliberation, perplexity, or for instructions, 257, 259. Quotations, indirect, 53, 58.

R.

Reciprocal expressions, 180. Reference, expr. by "al", 251. Reflexive pronouns, of first and second persons, 39; of third person, 40; with substantival inf., 130. Reflexive possessive adjective, 44. Reflexive verbs, 41; distinguished from verbs in "-igx-", 232, b. Relative pronoun, ("kiu") 146, ("kio") 233; not omitted, p. 106, ftn. Relative adjective, 150; relative adverb, see Adverbs. Relative clause, see 146, 233, (temporal) 155, (of manner) 156, (quantitative) 164. Request, expression of, 257, 259; for instructions, 257, 259. Resolve, expression of, 255. Result, clauses of, 105. Root, defined, p. 42, ftn. Route, expression of, 191.

S.

Salutations, 115. Separation, expr. by "de", 170; expr. by "al", 252; by "for", 71; by "dis-", 245. Situation, expr. by "cxe", 125; by adverbial participle, 222. Source, expr. by "de", 170. Statements, indirect, 53; tenses in, 58. Subject, defined, 15; preceded by verb, 51; inf. as, 130; clause as, 141, 259; of adverbial participle, 222. Subordinate clause, defined, 53; imperative in, 259, 262; conditional in, see Conditions, 243, 246. Subordinating conjunctions, "ke", 53, 105, 259 ("tial ke") 83, p. 222, ftn.; ("por ke") 262; (not omitted) p. 34, ftn.; "se", 240; "kvazaux", 250; "cxu", p. 38, ftn. Substantive, defined, p. 71, ftn.; inf. as, 98, 130; clause as, 53, 259. Substitution, expr. by prep., p. 63, ftn.; expr. by prep. with inf., 98; of noun for inf., 218, b, p. 193, ftn. Suffixes, causative verbs from, 214, c; intrans. verbs from, 232, d; "-ad-", 218; "-acx-", 272; "-ajx-", 227; "-an-", 145; "-ar-", 126; "-cxj-", 283; "-ebl-", 161; "-ec-", 202; "-eg-", 122; "-ej-", 111; "-em-", 192; "-er-", 276; "-estr-", 253; "-et-", 198; "-id-" 207; "-ig-", 214, 239, 275; "-igx-", 232, 239, 279; "-il-", 63; "-in-", 59; "-ind-", 154; "-ing-", 237; "-ist-", 172, p. 154, ftn.; "-nj-", 283; "-obl-", 186; "-on-", 166; "-op-", 261; "-uj-", 181; "-ul-", 132; "-um-", 268. Summary of conditions, 249. Superlatives, (adj.) 74, (adv.) 79; followed by "el", 75. Syllables, 7. Synonyms, apparent, ("diri: paroli: rakonti") 77, ("koni: scii") 117, ("tempo; fojo") 127, ("logxi: vivi") 133, ("antikva: maljuna: malnova") p. 128, ftn., 67, ("cxiu: tuta") p. 130, ftn., ("indiferenta: nezorga") p. 162, ftn., ("provi: peni: jugxi") p. 228, ftn., ("gxuste: juste: jxus") p. 198, ftn., ("ankoraux: jam") p. 124, ftn., p. 112, ftn., ("trovigxi: sin trovi: kusxi: sidi)" p. 217, ftn. Synopsis of the verb, 267. System, correlative, 235; metric, 284; of money, 285.

T.

Temporal clauses, 96, 155. Temporal adverbs, 66, ("tiam") 73, ("kiam") 123, 155, ("cxiam") 187, ("iam") 212, ("neniam") 226, ("jam") p. 124, ftn. ("ankoraux") p. 112, ftn., ("jxus") p. 116, ftn. Tenses, aoristic, p. 78, ftn.; compound, 109; (of impersonal verbs) 179; in indirect quotations, 58; in conditions, 249; of inf., 267; of conditional, 241, 242; of imperative, 254; present, 14, (progressive) 110, (passive) 168, past, 35, (passive) 178; future, 55, (progressive) 114; (passive) 183; imperfect, 113, (passive) 178; perfect, 124, (passive) 190; pluperfect, 135, (passive) 195; future perfect, 148, (passive) 190; periphrastic, 153, (passive) 200; synopsis of all, 267. Terminations, see Endings. Terms of address, 163; affectionate, 283, p. 221, ftn. Time, of day, 185; expr. by prep., 89; expr. by acc., 91; expr. by clause, 96, 155; expr. by adverbial participle, 222; advs. of, see Temporal adverbs. Titles, 163; use of "mosxto", 258. Transitive verbs, defined, 22; formed by "-ig-", 214; from intrans. roots, 264, b, c; list of some, 275.

U.

Unemphatic words, position of, (negative) 27, (pronoun) 274.

V.

Verbal nouns in "-ad-", 218, b, p. 193, ftn. Verbal roots, causative verbs from, 214, b. Verbs, mood of, 241; invariable, 18; causative, 214; frequentative, 218, a; inchoative, 232, a; impersonal, 50; reflexive, 41; trans., defined, 22; trans, from intrans. roots, 275; intrans., defined, 22; intrans. from trans. roots, 232, b, 279; from prep., 159; from adv., 171; conjugation of, 34, (synopsis) 267, preceding the subject, 51; as interjection, p. 216, ftn.; implied, (in comparisons) 82, 156, 250; (in salutations) 115, (in exclamations) 115, 228; with prepositional phrase containing "da", 102. Vivid conditions, p. 189, ftn. Vowels, pronunciation of, 2.

W.

Way, expression of, (manner) 76, (route) 191. Weights and measures, 284. Wish, expression of, 257, 259. Words, correlative, 235; formation of, 116; from prepositions, 159; from primary advs., 171; composition of, see Compounds; order of, in question, 30; see also Position.