CHAPTER IV.

Early Hours in the Levant--Compulsory Use of Lanterns in Cairo--Separation of the different Quarters of the City--Custom of sleeping in the open air--The Mahomedan Times of Prayer--Impressive Effect of the Morning Call to Prayer from the Minarets--The last Prayer-time, Al Assr--Bedouin Mode of ascertaining this Hour--Ancient Form of the Mosques--The Mosque of Sultan Hassan--Egyptian Mode of "raising the Supplies"--Sultan Hassan's Mosque the Scene of frequent Conflicts--The Slaughter of the Mameluke Beys in the Place of Roumayli--Escape of one Mameluke, and his subsequent Friendship with Mohammed Ali--The Talisman of Cairo--Joseph's Well and Hall--Mohammed Ali's Mosque--His Residence in the Citadel--The Harem--Degraded State of the Women in the East 35