Chapter 10

1. See maps at the end of Gröber's _Grundriss_, vol. i.

2. _De Vulg. El._ I., 8: alii oc, alii oïl, alii si affirmando loquuntur, and _Vita Nuova_, xxv. Dante also knew the term provincialis.

3. Boethius. F. Hündgen, Oppeln, 1884. For Sainte Foy d'Agen, see _Romania_ xxxi., p, 177 ff.

4. P. Meyer in _Romania_ v., p. 257. Bédier, _Les chansons de Croisade_, Paris, 1909, p. 16.

5. See P. Maus, _Peire Cardenals Strophenbau_, Marburg, 1884.

6. See Jeanroy, Origines, etc.