Part 13
African: dialect of BENNI or BINI.
MOKOBY, _see_ MBOKOBI.
MOKOROSI, _see_ MOCHONO.
MOKSCHA, MOKSCHANISCHEN.
UGRIAN: dialects of Orenburg, allied to MORDVINIAN and TCHEREMISS, both classed as sub-dialects of MORDOWSKAJA. Grammar by Ornatow, Moskwa, 1838 (Moscow).
MOLDAVIAN.
Romance: dialect of ROUMAN, closely allied to WALLACHIAN.
MOLONGLO.
AUSTRALIAN: See Eyre’s “Journals”, London, 1845.
MOLUA.
AFRICAN: tribes of Guinea. _See_ MOGIALUA.
MOLUCCAS.
MALAYAN: languages of the Spice Islands in the Malay Archipelago.
MOLUCHE.
American: name for ARAUCANIANS. It means “men of the West.” Indians of Chili.
⁂ In Chileno ethnography the terminal “che” is important: it means “man”; so the compounds Moluche, Puelche, Huilliche, &c., are all Chileno names. R. G. L.
MOMENYA.
African: sub-dialect of KAFFIR.
MOMOYEENTSHI.
African: assigned by Barth to the HAMARUA.
MON.
Indo-Chinese: dialect of PEGU, same as TALAIN. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
MONG-JUNG.
INDO-CHINESE: tribes of Laos, speaking a dialect of SIAMESE.
MONGOL _or_ MONGOLIAN.
Correctly MOGHOL, the typical dialect of a large family of Turanian languages, allied to MANTSHU and TURKEE; it is spoken in Central Asia, and written in perpendicular lines, reading from left to right. An old form of character is called BASPA-MOGHOL, and a modern variation is known as GALIK. Dicty. (1855), Grammar (1831), by Schmidt, St. Petersburg. _See_ KALMUK.
MONGOYO.
American: a sub-division of CAMACAN spoken in the province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, classed as BOTOCUDO. _See_ KAMAKAN.
MONGREBIN, MOGREBIN.
Semitic: a dialect of ARABIC spoken in Africa; it is the vernacular speech of the Moors (anciently of Mauritania) and vernacular in Algiers, Barbary, and Marocco. It is called MOORISH or MOGHRIB-EL-AKSA. Grammar and Vocaby. by De Dombay, Vienne, 1800; see also “Asiatic Jl.,” 1828.
MONOGRAM.
Single letter, one letter duplicated, any combination of initials into one device; a single character used for an entire word, as the Arabic numerals.
MONOSYLLABIC.
A name for certain primitive forms of speech, including CHINESE, wherein each letter or character represents an entire word, and polysyllables are recognised by the speaker as compounds. In such languages “roots are used as words, without change of form.” Also called ISOLATING.
MONQUI.
American: Hervas’ name for the WAIKUR.
MONSONIK.
American: dialect of CREE.
MONTAGNARDS.
American: French name for the SHESHATAPOOSH.
MONTAK, MONTAUK.
American: Indians of Long Is. “Arch. Amer.,” vol. ii.
MONTE-NEGRO.
Slavonic: sub-dialect of SERVIAN.
MONTESE.
Romance: sub-dialect of WALLOON. See Sigart: “Glossaire Etymologique.”
MOOR (1).
PAPUAN: dialect of Moor or Mohr, an island in Geelvink Bay, on the north of N. Guinea.
MOOR (2) or MOORISH, _see_ MONGREBIN.
MOORMI, MURMI.
Tribe of E. and Central Nipal, closely allied to GYARUNG. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.” A. C.
MOORS.
Hindostani: a jargon or corrupt dialect of BOMBAY and CALCUTTA, much compounded with ENGLISH and PORTUGUESE.
MOORUNDE.
AUSTRALIAN: same as AIAWONG. Eyre’s “Journals,” London, 1845.
MOQUELUMNE.
American: allied to TALATUI.
MORAVIAN.
Slavonic: same as MAHREN, sub-dialect of CHECK or BOHEMIAN.
MORDOWSKAJA.
UGRIAN: dialect of Orenburg. _See_ MOKSCHA.
MORDVINIAN.
Ugrian: dialect of FINNISH, spoken near the confluence of the Russian rivers Oka and Volga. Sub-dialects are ERSA and MOKSCHA. Tribes anciently called Bulghars. Grammar by Wiedemann, St. Petersburg, 1865.
MORELLA.
Batu-Morella: dialect of Amboyna, closely allied to LIANG. Wallace: “Malay A.” _See_ BATU-MERAH.
MORETON.
AUSTRALIAN: dialect of Moreton I. and Bay.
MOROCCO, MAROCCO.
ARABIC of N. Africa; same as MOORISH. Norberg: “Disputatio, &c.,” 1787. _See_ MONGREBIN.
MOROTOCO.
American: sub-dialect of ZAMUCA.
MORPHOLOGY.
Botanical term: adopted in philology in relation to the general laws or grammatical structure of a language.
MOSE, MOSI.
African: dialect of KOURI, allied to GURESA and BARBA. H. C.
MOSEL.
Teutonic: sub-dialect of HIGH-GERMAN. Becker’s “Idiotikon,” Berlin, 1799.
MOSES ISLANDS.
POLYNESIAN. Vocaby. in Dalrymple’s Collection, London, 1771.
MOSKA, MOZKA.
American: same as CHIBCHA. Grammar by De Lugo, Madrid, 1619; Comparative Vocabularies by Paravey, Paris, 1835. Grammar and Vocaby. by Uricoechea, Paris, 1871.
MOSKITO, MOSQUITO.
American: same as MISKITO; Samboes or mixed tribes of the Moskito coast, Central America, largely infused with African blood. Grammar by Cotheal, N. York, 1848.
MOSOTIE.
American: sub-dialect of MOXA.
MOSSA, _see_ MOXA.
MOTORIAN.
Ugrian: an extinct dialect of SAMOYED, closely allied to KOIBAL, and classed as OSTIAK of the Lakes.
MOULTANI.
Dialect of SINDHI, spoken in the Punjab. Also called WUCH.
MOUNTAINEERS.
American: name of the SHESHATAPOOSH.
MOVIMA _or_ MOBIMA.
American: dialect of the Moxos missions, related to APIACA, SAPIBOCONI, and GUARANI. H. C.
MOXA, MOXOS.
AMERICAN: Indians of province and mission of Moxos in Bolivia. All are dialects of MAIPUR. “Arte,” by Marban, Lima, 1701.
MOZABY.
African: _i.e._, BENI-MOZAH, sub-dialect of TOUARIK.
MOZAMBIQUE.
African: large class of KAFFIR dialects belonging to the E. Coast. Vocabularies by Dr. Bleek, London, 1856.
MOZKA, _see_ MOSKA.
MPONGWE (EMPUNGWA).
African: sub-dialect of KAFFIR spoken on the lower Gaboon. It is spoken by the Pongos, and is classed by Bleek as BANTU. Grammar, with vocabularies, N. York, 1847.
MRAMMA.
Name for the BURMESE. _See_ MJAMMAW.
MRU, MRUNG.
BURMESE of Arrakan; also called TOUNG. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
MSAMBARA.
African: dialect of KAFFIR.
MSEGUA.
African: KAFFIR tribes of Suaheli.
MUCH-QUANH.
American: Bear-tribe of MOHICANS.
MUCURY.
American: tribe of Brasil, allied to BOTOCUDO. See Da Silva’s Dicty.: “Lingua. Geral.”
MUDSAN.
African: KAFFIR of the Mozambique.
MUG, MUGS.
Names for the natives and dialect of Arracan and Chattagong, who are probably Malays. A. C.
MUGGALU, _see_ MOITAY.
MUHHEEKANEW, _see_ MOHICAN.
MUKABI, _see_ UKUAFI.
MULATTO.
Ethnological: issue of white and African.
MUNDALA.
Non-Aryan dialect of Central India, classed as KOL. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
MUNDRUCU.
American: sub-dialect of GUARANI, tribes of utter barbarians, allied to BOTOCUDO. H. C.
MUNDY.
Australian: natives at Lake Mundy. Eyre’s “Journals,” London, 1845.
MUNICH, _see_ XEBERO.
MUNIO.
African: dialect of BORNUI, allied to KANURI and NGURIO. H. C.
MUNIPOORI, MUNIPURI.
Monosyllabic; dialect of Assam, closely allied to KHASSEE, and classed as Indo-Chinese. These people are called Kathe, no doubt the same word as Cathay, anciently applied to China. See Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
MUNSEYI, _under_ MINSI.
MURA.
American: dialect of the Amazons, classed by Von Martius as Brasilian.
MURATHEE, _see_ MAHRATTI.
MURMI, _under_ MOORMI.
MURRAY R.
District S.W. Australia. Vocaby. Cap. Grey, 1841.
MURRUMBIDGEE.
Australian: dialect of Hume R. Vocaby. in Eyre’s “Journals,” London, 1845.
MURUNDO.
African: dialect of the Gaboon, allied to NKELE, &c. H. C.
MURUNG.
Sub-dialect of DYAK in Borneo.
MUSENTANDO.
African: sub-dialect of KAFFIR, allied to MBAMBA, KANYIKA, NTERE, &c. H. C.
MUSGANTSHI.
African: assigned by Barth to Hamarua.
MUSKOGHI, MUSKOGULGE.
AMERICAN: native name of the Creek Indians. See Schoolcraft’s “Indian Tribes,” vol. iv. p. 416; “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii., p. 82. ☞
MUSNAD.
Semitic: form of HIMYARITIC inscriptions.
MUTSAYA.
African: sub-dialect of KAFFIR, with the same affinities as MUSENTANDO.
MUTSCHUANA.
AFRICAN: Salt’s name for tribe of Sechuana.
MUTSUN.
AMERICAN: same as Mission of San Juan Bautista, County Monterey, Upper California. Vocaby. by Cuesta, London, 1862.
MUYSCA, _see_ MOSKA.
MYNCQUESAR.
AMERICAN: a dialect of ALGONKIN, spoken on R. Delaware, formerly known as Swedish America or New Sweden. See Holms: “Kort Beskrifning,” &c., English ed. by Duponceau, Philadelphia, 1834.
_See_ SANKIKANI.
MYSOL.
MALAYAN: dialect of N. Ceram. Wallace: “Malay A.”
⁂ Mysol is an island north of Ceram, belonging to the Waigiou-Mysol Archipelago, and inhabited by true Papuans, who on the coast are mixed with Moluccan Malays. Hence there is a difference of language between the coast and the interior. Mr. Wallace has given a vocabulary of both.
ADDENDA.
MACAO.
CHINESE: commercial dialect of Macao and Canton. Vocaby. 1824.
MAHABHRATA, MAHABHARATAM.
SANSKRIT: name of the great Indian epic, treating of early mythology.
MANCHE.
American: a dialect of the MAYA class. H. C.
MANGASEJAN.
Ugrian: SAMOIED dialect of the northern stem (Klaproth).
MANO.
African: dialect of the MANDINGO class. See “Polyg. Afr.” H. C.
MARAHUAS.
AMERICAN: Tupi Indians of Brazil.
MARARIT.
African: a dialect allied to TAMA. H. C.
MAROON.
SPANISH word: cimaron, simaron (“sima,” “a cavern”; “cimarron,” “wild”), applied to runaway slaves or escaped negroes.
MARSIAN.
An early Italic dialect, closely allied to the VOLSCIAN, known only from inscriptions. Mommsen: “Unteritalische Dialekte,” Leipzig, 1851. G. R.
MASSOWA.
African: dialect of GAFAT. Mithridates, v. 432. H. C.
MBARIKE, MBE, MBOFON.
AFRICAN: dialects of the Gaboon.
MENAGON.
African: a dialect allied to MARARIT. H. C.
MESSAPIAN.
A dialect of ancient Italy, spoken in the Calabrian peninsula. It is known to us only by inscriptions and a few glosses, which show it to be INDO-EUROPEAN, and not very unlike GREEK. See Mommsen: “Unteritalische Dialekte,” Leipzig, 1851. G. R.
MIKIR, MUHU.
Assamese: allied dialects of CACHAR. H. C.
MIMI.
AFRICAN: spoken about 17° N. Lat. H. C.
MINAHASSA.
Alfuru dialects of MENADO in Celebes.
⁂ Mr. De Clercq distinguishes eight dialects, viz.: BANTIK, BENTENAN, PONOSAKAN, TOUMBULU, TOUMPAKEWA, TOUNDANO, TOUNSAWANG, and TOUNSEA, all of which differ so considerably that some scholars hold them to be distinct languages. They are spoken by about one hundred and twenty thousand people in the aggregate. P. J. V.
MOMUNDS.
Tribe of Pathans, between the Swat and Cabul rivers.
MONJU, _see_ MAKUA.
MORLEY.
Provincial dialect of ENGLISH, spoken in Yorkshire. Vocaby. in Scatcherd’s “History,” London, 1830.
MUHU, _see_ MIKIR.
MUNTU, _see_ MAKUA.
MURUT.
DYAK tribe of N. Borneo, on the river Lembong. See St. John’s “Life in the Forests of the Far East,” vol. ii., ch. l.; Vocaby. of Adang, a settlement of the Muruts, appx., p. 407. P. J. V.
MUSKONONG.
American: Indians of the ALGONKIN-CHIPPEWAY stem. See Jülg’s “Vater,” p. 13.
N.
NAAS _or_ NOOSDALUM.
AMERICAN: tribes of the W. coast, spoken about N.L. 53°.
NABADACHE.
AMERICAN: tribes of Caddos.
NABATHÆAN.
Semitic: a form of SYRIAC; name for character of early BEDAWEEN inscriptions.
NACHHERENG.
Non-Aryan language of India, belonging to the KIRANTI group, E. Nipal. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
NADIC, _see_ NATIC.
NADOWESSIER.
AMERICAN: tribes of Dacotah or Sioux.
NAGA.
INDO-CHINESE: aboriginal tribes of snake worshippers; same as KOOKIE. The word “Naga” means “snake” or “serpent” in Sanskrit; compare the Latin “a-nguis.” Pánchála, the ancient dominion of the Nágás, is now Rohilcund; they were also in the Deccan. Mr. Hunter distinguishes the following dialects, viz.: ANGAMI, KHARI, MITHAN, NAMSANG, NOWGONG, TABLUNG, TENGSA. See Vocabys. in “Comp. Dicty.”
⁂ It is also used as a general term applied to mountaineers of the N.E. frontier of Bengal. W. E.
NAGAILER.
AMERICAN: tribe of Tacullies or Carriers; also called Chin-Indians.
NAGOE, NAGOO.
African: sub-dialect of PAPAA, _i.e._, Popo or Dahomey, spoken on the Slave-coast.
NAGRANDA.
AMERICAN: tribes of Chorotegans in the plains of Leon. See Squier’s “Nicaragua,” New York, 1852.
NAGUEGTGAQUEHI.
AMERICAN: tribes of Abipones.
NAHUATL.
AMERICAN: primitive language of Anahuac, or Mexico, before the Aztec. _See_ NIQUIRAN.
NAIKUDE.
NON-ARYAN language of Central India, allied to KOLAMI and GONDI. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.” H. C. _See_ NAIK.
NAKHCHUO.
Native name for the CHECH or TSCHETSCH, language of the Caucasus. H. C.
NAKNANUK.
American: dialect of BOTOCUDO, spoken by mountaineers of Brasil. See Castelnau’s “Exped.,” vol. v., p. 249.
NALU.
African: somewhat allied to FELUP. Small Vocaby. in Latham’s “Elements,” p. 596.
NAMAQUA.
African: HOTTENTOT of the W. coast. Grammar and Vocaby. by Tindall.
NAMOLLO.
TSCHUKTSHI: ESKIMO of N.E. Asia.
NAMSANG, NAMSENG.
Indo-Chinese: dialect of SINGPHO. _See_ NAGA.
NANCOWRY.
MALAYAN: dialect of the Nicobar Is.
NANDAKO.
AMERICAN: tribes of Caddos.
NANKINESE, _see_ KIANG-NAN.
NANO.
African: classed by Bleek as BUNDA.
NANTICOK.
American: ALGONKIN of the Susquehanna. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii., p. 111.
NAPOLI, _see_ NEAPOLITAN.
NAREA.
Sub-Semitic: dialect of AMHARIC.
NARRAGANSETTS.
American: ALGONKIN of the Massachusetts coast-line. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii., p. 110. See also Vocaby. in Wood’s “New England’s Prospect,” &c., Boston, 1764; “A Key into the Language of America,” &c., by Roger Williams, Boston, 1810.
NARYMSHEN.
Ugrian: tribe of SAMOYED.
NA-SQUALLY, _under_ S.
NASSAU, _see_ POGGY.
NATCHEZ.
AMERICAN: tribe of Creek Indians; it is spoken in Louisiana. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii., p. 94.
⁂ It appears to be related to the language of Terra del Fuego. H. C.
NATIC.
AMERICAN: tribes of Massachusetts. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. i., p. 288.
NAVAHO.
American: ATHABASCAN of U. California and New Mexico, allied to CHEPEWYAN and APACHE. Schoolcraft’s “Ind. Tribes,” vol. iv., p. 416.
NAVARRESE.
A name for BASQUE. Prince Louis L. Bonaparte distinguishes four spoken dialects, viz.: N. and S. HIGH-NAVARRESE, E. and W. LOW-NAVARRESE.
NAVIGATORS, _see_ SAMOAN.
NAWER.
GIPSEY dialect of Egypt.
NDOB.
African: dialect of the Gaboon, allied to TUMU and NFUT. H. C.
NEAPOLITAN.
Romance: the _patois_ of Naples; a sub-dialect of ITALIAN. Vocaby. by Galiani, Naples, 1789.
NEGER-ENGLISCHE, _see_ CREOLESE.
NEGRIJ-BARU.
Malayan: sub-dialect of MENADU.
NEGRITIC, NEGRITO.
Class name for dialects of POLYNESIAN, spoken by dark-skinned races of the Indian Archipelago, applied primarily to New Guinea, Australia, &c.
⁂ The true Negritos are the black population of the Philippine Islands and the Malay peninsula, and, according to Mr. Wallace, “Malay Archipelago,” vol. ii., pp. 451-3, are quite distinct from the Papuans, as well as from the Malays, and rather of Asiatic than of Polynesian origin. P. J. V. _See_ PYGMEAN.
NEGRO.
(1) AFRICAN, _see_ NIGRITIAN.
(2) AMERICAN, _see_ CREOLE.
NEHETHOWUCK, NENAWEHK.
AMERICAN: tribes of Crees.
NENETSCH.
UGRIAN: tribes of Samoyeds.
NENGONE.
PAPUAN: dialect of the Loyalty Is., S. Pacific. Also called MARE.
NEO-HELLENIC.
Later GREEK. See under ROMAIC.
NEPAULESE, _see_ NIPAL.
NEPESANG, _see_ NIPISSING.
NERTSHINSK, NERCHINSK.
Moghol: dialect of TUNGUS, closely allied to YAKUTSK.
NESTORIAN.
Semitic: a name for ESTRANGELO, an ancient form of SYRIAC. _See_ SYRO-CHALDEE.
NETELA.
AMERICAN: dialect of New California, allied to the KIJ, PADUCA, UTA, and COMANCHE. See Buschmann: “Die Sprachen Netela,” Berlin, 1856. H. C.
NETHERLANDISH.
Germanic: classed as LOW-DUTCH. _See_ FLEMISH.
NEUFCHATEL.
Romance: FRENCH dialect of Switzerland. “Dialogue,” &c., Neufchatel, 1825.
NEU HOCH-DEUTSCH.
Teutonic: literary HIGH-GERMAN, dating from Luther. _See_ MISNIAN.
NEVOME.
American: same as PIMA.
NEW CALEDONIA, _see_ BALADEA.
NEW ENGLAND INDIAN.
American: dialects of ALGONKIN.
NEWFOUNDLAND.
American: classed in E. branch of ALGONKIN. Dialects are BELHUCK (extinct), MIKMAK, and MILLICITE.
NEW GUINEA.
NEGRITIC of the Indian Archipelago. Native Christian teachers landed there in 1871. W. G.
⁂ I believe that Mr. Wallace is right in his distinction between Negritos and Papuans, and that the name of Negrito, given by the Spaniards to the black population of the Philippines, should not be applied to the inhabitants of New Guinea. P. J. V. _See_ PAPUAN.
NEW HEBRIDES.
(1) NEGRITIC. The principal islands of this archipelago are Tana, Aneitum, Erromango, Mallicolo, and L’Espirito Santo; for the first four we have vocabularies and grammatical sketches, of which Tana and Mallicolo date from Cook’s voyage in 1772-5.
(2) POLYNESIAN. In Futuma, Nina, and some parts of the Fate or Sandwich Is., the language is not Papuan but Polynesian, and allied to the RAROTONGAN and SAMOAN. See Cook’s “Voyage to the S. Pole,” London, 1777.
NEW HOLLAND, _see_ AUSTRALIAN.
NEW IRELAND.
Negrito: a dialect of POLYNESIAN. See Crawfurd’s Dissert., “Malay Grammar.”
NEW S. WALES.
Province of Australia. Specimens by Threlkeld, Sydney.
NEW SWEDEN, _see_ MYNCQUESAR.
NEW ZEALAND, _see_ MAORI.
NEWARI.
Language of the valley of Nipal; it is allied to PAHRI. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.” A. C.
NEZ-PERCEES.
American: FRENCH name for the Sahaptin Indians.
NGOALA.
African: dialect of the GABOON. _See_ ANGOLA.
NGODZEN.
African: dialect of BORNUI, allied to BODE, DODI, HOUSSA, and perhaps to PUELCHE. H. C.
NGOKO.
JAVANESE. A verbal form derived from “Ko,” the pronoun of the second person, by which common people are addressed. Hence the low or common Javanese is called “Basa-Ngoko.” The term “Ngoko” may be compared to the French “tutoyer,” or the German “duzen.” A few words peculiarly used in contemptuous language are designated by the name of “Ngoko andap,” “Low Ngoko.” P. J. V.
NGOTEN.
African: dialect of the GABOON, allied to MELON and NHALEMOE. H. C.
NGURU.
African: dialect of BORNUI, allied to KANURI and MUNIO. H. C.
NHALEMOE.
African: dialect of the GABOON. It has the same affinities as NGOTEN. H. C.
NIAM-NIAM, _see_ SANDEH.
NIAS.
MALAYAN: the language of the I. of Nias on the W. coast of Sumatra. The dialects of the N. and S. parts of the island differ considerably, but both are akin to the BATTA language of Sumatra. P. J. V.
NIBALU.
African: sub-dialect of KOURI; said to be spoken in the Chamba country. H. C.
NICARAGUAN, _see_ NIQUIRAN.
NICE, _see_ NISSARDA.
NICOBAR.
MALAYAN: islands in the Bay of Bengal. Language of mixed character. H. C.
NIEBELUNGEN-LIED.
Great GERMAN mythological poem, attributed to Herr von Ofterdingen; Eng. by Lettsom.
NIEDER-DEUTSCH, _see_ DUTCH.
NIEDER-SACHSISCH, _see_ LOW-SAXON.
NIEUE, NIUEN.
POLYNESIAN of the Savage Islands, S. Pacific, 19° S.L., 169° W.L.; closely allied to TONGAN, and also to RAROTONGAN. W. G. L.
NIGORI.
JAPANESE: accent word.
NIGRITIAN.
African: pure NEGRO of Negro-land; dialects of the Soudan, situated along the course of the R. Niger.
NIHALOITIH.
AMERICAN: Watlala tribe of Chinuks; also called Echeloots. _See_ NIHAL.
NIJ.
Caucasian: a sub-dialect of the UDE. H. C.
NILGHERRIES, NILGIRI, _see_ TUDA.
NING-PO.
Colloquial CHINESE.
NIPAL.
Mixed forms of speech: INDO-CHINESE, INDIC, SUB-DRAVIDIAN; many aboriginal tribes of the Himalayas. DENWARI, NEWARI, KHASPOORA. They use the Devanagri character. Papers by Hodgson in “Jnl. As. Socy. of Bengal,” 1830. _See_ PARBUTTIA.
NIPISSING.
American: ALGONKIN of Montreal, L. Canada.
NIPPEGON.
AMERICAN: name for the Winnebagos.
NIQUIRAN.
American: NAHUATL dialect of MEXICAN, spoken in Nicaragua. _See_ TLASKALTECA.
NISHADA.
SANSKRIT word for “outcast,” applied as a name for Dravidian, and to all aboriginal races.
⁂ It is the best and most comprehensive name, dating at least from as early as the fourth century B.C. W. S. W. V. _See_ PARIAH.
NISHI _or_ NISKI (NESHKI).
Semitic: modern alphabetic character; name applied to the “nice” or finished writing of ARABIC; also adopted in writing TURKISH, URDU, MALAY, &c.; used also in printed PERSIAN. _See_ TALIK.
NISSARDA.
Romance: ITALIAN dialect of Nice. Grammar by Micen, Nizza, 1841 (Nice).
NITENDI, _see_ INDENI.
NIUEN, _under_ NIEUE.
NIZHNI.
Moghol: closely allied to SELENGA; also called NIZNIAH-UDA.
NIZZA, _see_ NISSARDA.
NJENEZ, _see_ NENETSCH.
NJOKO, _see_ NGOKO.
NKELE.
African: dialect of the GABOON.
NOGAY.
TURKEE: closely allied to BASHKIR.
NOGOTEN, _see_ NGOTEN.
NORFOLK.
Provincial dialect of English, classed as E. ANGLIAN. See “Promptorium Parvulorum,” Edit. Way (Camden Soc.); Forby’s Vocaby., London, 1830; Nall’s “Guide to Great Yarmouth,” London, 1866. W. W. S.
NORFOLK-SOUND.
American: KOLUSH of Sitka.
NORMAN.
ROMANCE: _patois_ of France, sometimes called NORMAN-FRENCH. Old Norman was a dialect of the Langue d’oïl. See Kelham’s Dictionary, London, 1779.
NORSE, NORSK.
Same as ICELANDIC or SCANDINAVIAN. See “Old nordisk Formlaere,” by Wimmer, Steen, 1870.
NORTH AMERICAN, _under_ INDIAN.
NORTHUMBRIAN.
Provincial dialect of England, to which LOWLAND SCOTTISH is closely allied. Glossary in Ray’s Collection; Brockett’s “Glossary of North-Country Words,” London, 1846; also “Proceedings of Ethnol. Soc.,” vol. i., pp. 123-39.
⁂ The best examples of Old Northumbrian are exhibited in the glosses to the Latin Gospels in the celebrated Durham Book, and the Rushworth MSS. W. W. S.
NORTON-SOUND.
American: dialects of ESKIMO.
NORWEGIAN.
(1) SCANDINAVIAN: Old Norwegian is the NORSE of Iceland; Modern Norwegian is a form of DANISH. Grammar by Foss, Christiania, 1858; Practical Introduction by Fraedersdorff, London, 1860.
⁂ Twenty sub-dialects are enumerated by Aasen: “Ordbog,” Christiania, 1850.
(2) UGRIAN: _see_ QUANIAN.
NOSINDAMBO.
Native appellation for the I. of Madagascar.
NOTARGEKON.
HEBREW anagrams: superstition of Cabalistic Jews.
NOTTOWAY.
American: S. dialect of IROQUOIS, spoken in N. Carolina, and closely allied to TUSCARORA. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii., p. 115.
NOUB, _see_ NUBIAN.
NOVA SCOTIA.
American: Mikmak dialect of ALGONKIN.
NOWGONG.
Indo-Chinese: Singpo dialect of ASSAM. _See_ NAGA.
NSIETSHAWUS.
American: Upper Killamuks; dialect of ATNA or SELISH, spoken in the Oregon district. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii., p. 120. _See_ JAGON.
NSO.
African: dialect of the GABOON.
NTERE.
African: dialect of KAFFIR, allied to MBAMBA, KANYIKA, MUSENTANDO, &c. H. C.
NUBIAN.
African of the Valley of the Nile, from the frontier of Egypt (_i.e._, the Tropic of Cancer) to the boundary of Abyssinia. Its three known dialects are (1) the KENUZ, that of the most northern portion: the DODEKA SKOINOS of the classical geographers, the most northern division of the Roman province of Egypt—of this the word “Kenuz” is a corruption; (2) the NOUB, or Nubian proper; (3) the DONGOLAWY of Dongola on the south. The Arabic has greatly encroached upon the languages or dialects of this class. R. G. L.
NUFI.
African: dialects of NIGRITIAN; also called TAPPA or TAPUA.
⁂ The following vocabularies are Nufi:—APPA, BASA, BUJANNE, DSUKU, EBE, EGBIRA-HIMI, EREGBA, ESITAKO, GOALI, KAKANDA, KUPU, MUSU, NUPAYSE, OPANDA, SHABBIE, YALA. See Clarke’s “Dialects,” p. 35. R. G. L.
NUKAHIVA.
POLYNESIAN of the Marquesas Is. _See_ MARQUESAN.
NUMELAHA.
KORIAK name for the Kamtshatlans.
NUMIDIAN.
AFRICAN: from “Numidæ,” a Latinized form of nomades; Greek “nomos,” “a pasture.” Known by inscriptions in the form of dedication stones from N. Africa, and consisting of picture-writing and variants of the early SEMITIC alphabet.
NUMISMATIC.
Many archaic forms of ancient alphabetic characters, known by inscriptions on coins. See Akerman’s “Numismatic Manual.”
NURNBERG, NUREMBERG.
Teutonic: dialect of HIGH-GERMAN. Dicty. by Gerischer, Leipzig, 1835.
NUSDALUM, _under_ NAAS.
NUT (BAZEEGUR).
HINDOSTANI: dialects of Bazighurs in Bengal. _See_ NAT.
NUTKA.
American: tribes of Van Couver’s Is. Same as WAKASH and YUCUATL.
NYAMNYAM.
AFRICAN: spoken on the Nile about 5° N.L. Known only from a short vocabulary by Petherick. R. G. L. _See_ SANDEH.
NYANGEYARENTSHI, NYEGANTSHI.
African: both assigned by Barth to the HAMARUA.
NYFFE, _see_ NUFI.
NYOMBE.
African: dialect of KAFFIR, allied to LUBALO, SONGO, RUNDA, &c. H. C.
ADDENDA.
NAIK, NAYAK, NAIKARA.
A predatory tribe of Guzarat, N.E. of Baroda. W. E. _See_ NAIKUDE.
NAT, NATA, NATWA.