Part 12

AFRICAN: dialect of Lake Tschad. Denham’s “Vocaby. of Central Africa,” collected from between 10° and 9° N.L.

MANDARANTSHI.

African: assigned by Barth to HAMARUA.

MANDARIN.

CHINESE: the most refined dialect, also called KUAN-HOA; used in classical literature, at Court, and in commerce. Dicty. by Perny, “Fr., Lat., Ch. (Mandarine),” Paris, 1869; Grammar by Edkins, 1864.

MANDE.

A NEGRO speech; Treatise by Steinthal, Berlin, 1867.

MANDHAR.

District of Celebese or Macassar; the language is allied to BUGIS. It is little known, but has a large admixture of MALAY and JAVANESE. P. J. V. _See_ MENADO.

MANDINGO.

AFRICAN: class name for several languages of the W., much influenced by ARABIC; it is more especially the native dialect of Senegambia. Grammar and Dicty. by Macbrair, London, 1837. _See_ MANA.

MANDONGO.

African: dialect of KAFFIR.

MANDSCHU, _under_ MANTSHU.

MANDURESE, _see_ MADURESE.

MANG.

Dravidian; a local dialect of TAMUL spoken in the Mahratta territory.

MANGALA.

Singalese: dialect of KANDY.

MANGAREI (MANGUREO).

Polynesian: dialect of FLORES or MANGEYLE, with AUSTRALIAN affinities. It is spoken on the W. coast; the people are subject to the Sultan of Bima.

MANGASEIA.

Ugrian: dialect of SAMOIED, closely allied to TUNGUS. Small vocabulary in Latham’s “Elements,” p. 77.

MANGEEA.

POLYNESIAN: dialect of the Friendly Is., situated 158° 16′ W. long.; 21° 27′ S. lat.

MANGKASAR.

Proper spelling of MACASSAR. This Malayan language is spoken in the S. peninsula, viz., in the capital of Celebes and its environs; in Tallo, Gowa, Saurabone, Takalar, Turuteya, Bouthain, and part of Bulecomba. It is nearly allied to BUGIS, which is spoken in Maros, Pangkajene, Segéri, Tanette, Barru, the Aja Tapparang, the remaining part of Bulecomba, Boui, Soppeng, Waju, and Luwu.

⁂ The grammatical structure and syntax are alike in Bugis and Mangkasar, though the difference of words is considerable, and the alphabet is the same in the main, with slight modifications, but not sufficient to justify the assertion of Mr. Wallace (“Malay. Archip.,” vol. ii., p. 472) that Bugis is written in a native character distinct from that of Macassar. There still exist some ancient MSS., written in an older alphabet, now quite obsolete. See “Makassaarche Spraak-Kunst,” by Matthes, Amsterdam, 1858; “Woordenbock,” 1859: “Chrestomathie,” 1860. P. J. V.

MANGRI.

AFRICAN: spoken S. of the Gambia.

MANIKOLO, _see_ MALLICOLLO.

MANIPOORA, _see_ MUNIPOORI.

MANKS _or_ MANX.

Keltic: the GAELIC or GADHELIC of the I. of Man. It is a written language, and is closely allied to the ERSE and the GAELIC of Scotland. Dicty. by Cregan, Douglas, 1835.

MANOA.

American: dialect of the Rio Negro, allied to BARREE.

MANONA, MANONO.

POLYNESIAN: dialects of the Navigator’s Is., S. Pacific. It is the same as SAMOAN. W. G.

MANSURMUR.

Bhotya; sub-dialect of THIBETAN.

MANTAWAI, MANTAWEI.

MALAYAN: language of Mantawai and Pagai or Poggy, islands to W. of Sumatra. P. J. V.

MANTSHU, MANCHU.

Moghol: typical language of TURANIAN, vernacular with the Mantshu Tatars, now the reigning dynasty of China, but originally from the R. Amur, Chinese Tartary. The characters are written in vertical columns and read from left to right. Vocaby. by Gabelentz, Leipsig, 1864; “Sketch” by Castrén, St. Petersburg, 1856.

MANTUAN.

Sub-dialect of ITALIAN; Vocaby. by Cherubini, Milan, 1827.

MANUA.

Polynesian: it is the SAMOAN with a few words of the E. Islands. W. G.

MANYAK.

BHOTYA: tribe of E. Nipal. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”

MANYUNYA, _see_ SANDEH.

MAORI.

POLYNESIAN: native name of the New Zealanders, closely allied to KANAKA and TAHITIAN. The word “Maori,” pronounced “Mowry,” means “natural,” “native,” “indigenous.” “Dictionary and Grammar,” by Williams. London, 1852.

MAPLU.

Dialect of PEGUESE, classed as KAREN.

MAPOJE.

American: dialect of SALIVA, in New Granada; same as QUAQUAS.

MAQUA.

American: same as MOHAWK; extinct language of the IROQUOIS family; closely allied to ONONDAGA. The name was applied by the Dutch. See vocabulary in “Bulletin Hist. Soc. of Pennsylvania,” 1848. _See_ MINGO.

MARA.

Dialect of ADALI.

MARADIÇOS.

AMERICAN: Spanish name for SHOSHONES.

MARAHA.

Older DRAVIDIAN: dialect of Nipal.

MARAM.

INDO-CHINESE: dialect of the Nagas or Kookies. See “Jnl. Asiatic S. of Bengal,” 1837.

MARAMOMISIOS.

AMERICAN: Indians of Brazil. See Pinelo’s “Epitome, &c.,” Madrid, 1737-8.

MARATHI, _see_ MAHRATTI.

MARAUHA, _see_ MAROA.

MARAVI.

African: dialect of N.E. Kaffir, spoken on the Mozambique coast. Vocaby. in Kölle’s “Polyglot.” H. C.

MARE.

Negritic: dialect of PAPUAN, spoken in the Loyalty Islands. _See_ NENGONE.

MARGANTSHI.

African: assigned by Barth to the HAMARUA.

MARIANNE.

POLYNESIAN: dialect of the Ladrone Islands.

MARIATE.

AMERICAN: spoken near the junction of the Iça with the Amazons, and allied to BARREE and MANOA. See Von Martius, vol. ii., p. 266.

MARING.

INDO-CHINESE: dialect of the Nagas.

MARKISH.

Teutonic: sub-dialect of LOW-GERMAN. Vocaby. in “Weddigen’s Magazine,” Lemgo, 1790.

MAROA, MARAUHA.

American: dialect of BANIWA or CARIB. Vocaby. by Wallace. H. C.

MAROCCO, _see_ MOROCCO.

MARONITE.

(1) Semitic: sub-dialect of ARABIC. Grammar by Sionita, Paris, 1616.

(2) An alphabetic character of SYRIAC.

MAROS.

(1) MALAYAN: district of Nias, a small island near Sumatra.

(2) BUGIS: district of Celebes.

MARQUEES (LOURENZO), _see_ TEKEZA.

MARQUESAN.

POLYNESIAN: a dialect of Eastern Polynesia, closely allied to TAHITIAN, vernacular in the Marquesas Islands, S. Pacific, situated in 7°-10° S. Lat., 139°-141° W. Lon. De Gembloux, “Idiomologie des îles Marquises,” Bourges, 1843. W. G. L.

MARRANE, MARRON.

FRENCH: people of Moorish extraction; “a renegade.”

MARU.

JAPANESE: hard accent on consonants.

MARUVI, MARUWI.

MALAYAN: language of the Banyak islands, and of Si-Malu, W. Sumatra; it is said to bear great affinity to the BATTA and NIAS. P. J. V.

MARWARI.

HINDI: dialect of Joudpoor or Jodpur in Rajpootana.

MASACARA.

American: dialect of GES spoken in Brasil. Von Martius, vol. ii., p. 144.

MASAYA _or_ MASYA.

American: dialect of NICARAGUA, but allied to the SIOUX. H. C.

MASORETIC.

HEBREW: “Masora,” _i.e._ “traditional”; applied to the received Jewish version of the O. T. It owes its value to the system of points introduced to supply the want of vowels.

MASSACHUSETT.

American: extinct dialect of ALGONKIN. Vocaby.: “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii., p. 110.

⁂ The name carries with it its own geographical position. The town of Boston, U.S., now stands on the land of the Massachusett Indians. I find that NATIK or NADICK is rather a synonym for MASSACHUSETTS than the name of a separate form of speech, whether language or dialect; on the coast, the name changed, and the language also, which is NARRAGANSET. The two forms are closely allied, but MASSACHUSETTS means the parts about Boston, NARRAGANSET the language of Connecticut and Rhode Island. The greatest work in any American language is, undoubtedly, the translation of the Bible by Eliot; but no one knows whether the language is to be called NATICK or MASSACHUSETT. Eliot also wrote a Grammar, dated A.D. 1666; the author merely calls it INDIAN; reprinted at Boston in 1832. R. G. L.

MASSARATTY.

Malayan: dialect of BOOROO, closely allied to CAJELI. See Wallace: “Malay Archip.”

⁂ The language of Booroo is a dialect of the Moluccan ALFURU. P. J. V.

MASSIED.

Dialect of Australian, allied to GUDUNG.

MASSINA.

African: dialect of the FULAH.

MASSIT.

AMERICAN: Indians of Q. Charlotte’s Is.

MASURIC.

Slavonian: sub-dialect of POLISH.

MATABELLO.

Negritic: sub-dialect of PAPUAN. Wallace: Appx. (Malay Archip.).

⁂ According to the best authorities it should be written WATUBELLO. P. J. V.

MATABILI.

African: sub-dialect of BECHUANA.

MATAGUAYA.

American: dialect of the district of Gran Chaco, classed as PATAGONIAN, and related to the ABIPONIAN. H. C.

MATARA.

American: Indians of Paraguay, closely allied to VILELA.

MATHEO, SAN.

NEGRITIC: dialect of the Philippines.

MATLAZINGA.

American: Archaic dialect of Mexico. See Pinelo’s “Epitome,” Madrid, 1737-8.

MATURNANTSHI.

African: assigned by Barth to the HAMARUA.

MAU.

Polynesian: dialect of MAORI, vernacular in the New Hebrides.

MAUHE, _see_ UAINAMBEU.

MAUKOR (MAIKOR).

Negritic: dialect of PAPUAN, belonging to the Aroo Islands.

MAURISH, _see_ MOORISH.

MAWAKWA.

American: dialect of CARIB spoken in Guiana, most closely allied to SOERIKONG.

MAWI, _see_ MAORI.

MAYA or MAYAN.

AMERICAN: Class name for many languages of Central America, especially those of Yucatan and Guatemala. In the former it rules exclusively; in the latter it is a closely allied form of speech. The POCONCHI (with the exception of certain rude dialects belonging to the same class) is the representative language. The KACHIQUEL is a third language of equal importance. In Vera Cruz, for the parts about Tampico, an allied language, the HUASTECA, separated from its congeners, is (or was) the original vernacular. Grammatical sketches, “artes,” as they are called by early missionaries are as early and fully as numerous for the Maya languages and dialects as for any in America, dating from the seventeenth century. A short but valuable work by Squier is the chief authority for them. “States of Central America,” by T. G. Squier, N. York, 1858; “Etudes,” by Brassier De Bourbourg, Paris, 1869-70; “Silabario,” by Ruz, Merida, 1845; “Phonetic Alphabet,” described by Brinton. R. G. L. _See_ VEY.

MAYORGA.

POLYNESIAN: dialect of the Friendly Islands.

MAYORUNA.

AMERICAN: Indians of the Rio Yavari, in the province of Rio Negro, Brasil.

⁂ This language has affinities with the SUNTAHA SOW languages of Borneo, and belongs to the PYGMEAN or MINCOPIE class of Colebrook. H. C.

MAYPUR.

American: dialect of the ORINOCO, closely allied to MOXOS, also to BANIWA, CORETU, SARAVICA, &c. H. C. ☞

MAZENDERAN.

Sub-dialect of PERSIAN, spoken on the S. shores of the Caspian. Klaproth: “Beschreibung,” Berlin, 1814.

MBAMBA.

AFRICAN: dialect of the Gaboon. It is allied to KANYOKA, MUSENTANDO, NETERE, &c. H. C.

MBAYA.

American: same as GUAYKURU. They are called CAVALLEROS by the Spaniards; Paraguay Indians of Cujaba, and allied to MBOKOBI. H. C.

MBOFIA.

AFRICAN: dialect of Brass-town, allied to ABO, ISOAMA, and ISIOLI. H. C.

MBOKOBI.

American: dialect of the district of Gran Chaco, classed with ABIPONIAN and TOBA, MATAGUAYA and MBAYA.

MECH.

TRANS-HIMALAYAN: language of the Meches, a lowland tribe of the Terai, at base of Himalaya in Nipal, noted for enjoying immunity from malarious fever. No written character. “Jnl. A. S. of Bengal,” 1840. A. C. _See_ DHIMAL.

MECH-CHAOOH.

American: same as MOHEGAN. _See_ MEKO.

MECKLENBURG.

Teutonic: sub-dialect of LOW-GERMAN. Grammar by Ritter, Rostock, 1832.

MECKLEY, _see_ MOITAY.

MEDIAN.

Properly the language of the ancient Medes, a people of the high country between Mesopotamia and the Persian desert, only known through names and a few words, which show it to have been ARYAN, and closely allied to ancient PERSIAN. The term “Median” was at one time applied to the language of the third column of Achæmenian cuneiform inscriptions, but it is now admitted that this was a misnomer. On the real Median language, see Rawlinson: “Ancient Monarchies,” Media, vol. iii., pp. 137-156. G. R.

MEDO-PERSIAN.

Class name for the branch of ARYAN speech, with slight differences, common to the ancient Medes and Persians. G. R.

MEDO-SCYTHIAN.

Dr. Hincks’ name for the language of Scythic tribes dwelling in Media and Persia, known to us by a peculiar form of inscriptions in cuneiform.

⁂ The best account of the language, which is decidedly TURANIAN, will be found in Norris’s “Scythic Inscriptions of Behistun,” “Jnl. of R. As. Soc.,” vol. xv. G. R.

MEFUR.

Negritic: dialect of PAPUAN, vernacular in New Guinea.

MEHERRIN.

AMERICAN: name for the Tuteloes.

MEISTERSANGEREN, _see_ MINNESINGERS.

MEKO.

AMERICAN: old race of Mexico, prior to the Nahuatl. Same as CICI-MECH.

MEKRI.

Dialect of KURDISH.

MELANESIAN.

Same as KELENONESIAN; it represents the S.W. Islands of the Pacific, consisting of the Loyalty group, Bank’s Santa Cruz, the Solomon Archipelago extending W. by N., to include New Guinea.

MELLELE.

Class of GIPSEY.

MELON.

African: allied to NHOTEN and NHALEMOE. H. C.

MEMPHITIC.

Egyptian: an extinct dialect of COPTIC; it was spoken over the district about Memphis, and represented the language of middle rather than upper or lower Egypt. R. G. L.

MENADO _or_ MENADU.

A large class of dialects spoken in Celebes or Macassar, classed as ALFURU, and somewhat allied to BUGIS. (Wallace.) _See_ MINAHASSA.

MENAK.

Javanese: in the SUNDANESE dialect “Ménak” means “a noble, one of high birth;” hence high-Sundanese is called BASA-MENAK. P. J. V.

MENANGKABAW.

MALAYAN: dialect of the Dutch residency in the highlands of Padang, Sumatra, which was anciently an independent monarchy called MENANG KABAW. It differs considerably from ordinary Malay. Vocabulary, &c., edited by Pynappel (Dialogues: Menangkabaw and Malay). P. J. V.

MENASSER (BENI).

Language of the BENI MENASSER, a branch of the BERBER. See LIBYAN. Baron de Slane first published the pronouns of this language, which differ so much from the other Libyan languages that it must be unintelligible to those who know only the others; yet it is small and unimportant. H. Duveyrier (1857) places the tribes near to the Hhallûla Lake, and says that they have adopted Arab manners, an Arabic name, and an immensity of the Arabic language. He gives an extremely limited vocabulary. He thinks that it and the dialect called that of the Benî Mezâb, is a branch of the ZENATIA dialect, and is connected with that spoken in the oasis of Touât. But the last is supposed to be TAMASHIGHT. F. W. N.

MENDE, _see_ TSCHUR.

MENDI.

AFRICAN: quoted from “Outline of a Vocabulary,” London, 1841.

MENEMONI, _see_ MENOMENI.

MENERO-DOWNS.

Dialect of AUSTRALIAN. Vocaby. “Jnl. R. Geog. Soc.,” 1839.

MENGWE, _see_ MAQUA.

MENIENG.

AMERICAN: dialect of Brazil, mixed with NEGRO-PORTUGUESE, and sometimes called S. American JARGON. _See_ KAMAKAN.

MENOMENI.

American: dialect of ALGONKIN spoken to the S. of L. Superior. “Amer. Ethnol,” vol. ii., p. 113; Schoolcraft’s “Indian Tribes,” vol. ii., p. 470.

MENYAMNYAM, _see_ SANDEH.

MEQUACHAKE.

AMERICAN: tribe of Shawnees.

MERI.

Sub-dialect of DYAK in Borneo.

MERUSY.

PERSIC: sub-dialect of Khorassan.

MESHTSHERIAK.

TURKEE: tribes of Ugrians speaking Turkish.

MESO-GOTHIC, _under_ MŒ.

MESSENIAN.

Hellenic: a provincial dialect of Modern GREEK.

MESSISSAUGI.

American: ALGONKIN tribes S. of Lake Superior and N.E. of the Huron.

MESTIZO.

Ethnological: issue of whites and native Americans. In Spanish the word “Mestizo” means “a mongrel.”

METZ, MEURTHE, MEUSE.

Romance: sub-dialects of FRENCH. (1) Vocaby. by François, Metz, 1773; (2) Vocaby., “Fr. Socy. Antiq.,” vol. ix.; (3) “Dissertation” by Cordier, Bar-le-Duc, 1843.

MEWARA.

Same as RHATORE, sub-dialect of BOWRI.

MEXICAN.

It is of some importance to remember that MEXICAN is not a philological but a geographical term, and that the indigenous name of the occupants of the parts about the present city of Mexico was Nahuatl, akin to whom were the Tlaskala. The Asteks were conquerors and intruders—the Chetimacha probably the same. This is important when we remember that the three names, Nahuatl, Huasteca, and Tlaskala are to be found in three different districts far away from Mexico. At present MEXICAN and ASTEK are nearly synonymous; just like Quichua and Peruvian. See “Dialogues,” by Arenas, Paris, 1862; Glossary by Biondelli, Milan, 1869; “Cuadro Descriptivo,” by Pimentel, 1862-5. For Picture Character, see Humboldt’s “Atlas Pittoresque.” R. G. L. _See_ AZTEC.

MFUT.

AFRICAN: language of the Gaboon, closely allied to AFUDU.

MIAMI.

American: tribes of ALGONKIN, W. of the Mississippi. Vocaby. in Schoolcraft’s “Indian Tribes,” vol. ii.

MIAOS, MIAU.

Sub-dialect of CHINESE; MIAUTSZE means “children of the soil,” _i.e._, Aborigines. Vocaby. by Edkins, Foochow.

MIC-MAC.

American: FRENCH name for the native Indians of Nova Scotia, &c.

⁂ (1) As a special name it means the ALGONKIN of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Cape Breton, and Prince Edward’s Island. The still more special name for the present dialect is MIRAMICHI.

(2) As a class name it may conveniently be made to include (i.) on the North the Skoffi and Sheshatapoosh of Labrador; (ii.) the MIC-MAC proper of the South; (iii.) the New England forms of speech, as the ABENAKI, PENOBSCOT, and ETCHEMIN, whence we derived the present name for the State of Mayne. It corresponds thus with the ACADIAN and GASPESIAN of the French, including the French denominations Souriquois, Montagnard, and others. Grammar by Maillard, New York, 1864. R. G. L.

MICRONESIAN.

LESSER-POLYNESIAN: class of oceanic dialects in the lesser islands of the Pacific.

MIDDLE-HIGH-GERMAN.

TEUTONIC: period of language from 12th century until Luther. Dicty. by Benecke, Leipsig, 1854-60.

MIDDLESEX.

Local dialect of ENGLISH; sometimes called Language of the Metropolis, sometimes COCKNEY. _See_ LONDON.

MIEN-TING.

Local dialect of CHINESE.

MIGUEL, ST.

NEGRITO: a dialect of the Philippines.

MIGUEL, SAN.

American: dialect of Californian Mission, allied to SAN ANTONIO, and classed as DIEGUNOS.

MIKTLANTONGO.

American: same as MITLANTONGO.

MILANESE.

ITALIC: sub-dialect of Milan. Vocaby. by Cherubini, Milano, 1814; by Cappeletti, Milano, 1848.

MILCHAN.

INDO-CHINESE: vernacular dialect of Rampoor, B. India.

MILCOCAYAC.

American: dialect of the Guarpes, Indians of Chili, almost identical with ALLEUTIAC.

MILICITE.

American: Indians of New Brunswick, using IROQUOIS numerals.

MILLANOW.

Sub-dialect of DYAK in Borneo.

MILLE.

POLYNESIAN: dialect of the Ladrones or Marianne Islands.

MINCOPIE.

Dialect of the Andaman Islands.

⁂ In the Great Andaman island of the Indian Seas at least two distinct languages are known, viz., that of Colebrooke’s Vocabulary, and that of Tickell’s. These people are Negritos of small stature and with glossy skins. Their affinities are with those of the short races in other parts of the world, and they have probably the most ancient languages yet known. See “Asiatic Researches,” vol. iv., p. 393; x., 218. H. C. _See_ PYGMEAN.

MINDANAO, _see_ MAGINDANAO.

MINETARI.

American: dialect of SIOUX, N. division, called “Grosventre,” _i.e._ “big-bellies,” EHATSAR; other dialects are ALASAR, or Fall-Indians, and KATTANAHAWS. Ludewig, London, 1858, p. 119.

⁂ Dr. Latham objects to the word “Alasar.” According to that great authority it is a misnomer, arising from some confusion between the words “Ahnenin” and “Atsina.” The former are classed by Gallatin as ARRAPAHOES. See “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii., where the same vocabulary is printed as ATSINA. We have no original authority for the word “Alasar,” but it appears in Jülg’s “Vater,” p. 253. See Trübner’s “Ludewig,” p. 12; also Latham’s “Elements,” p. 457, where it is shown that there are two different tribes called Fall-Indians, one ALGONKIN and one SIOUX.

MINGO.

AMERICAN: tribes of Iroquois, now extinct. Sometimes called MAQUA, MENGWE.

MINGRELIAN.

Caucasian: sub-dialect of GEORGIAN, closely allied to LAZIC. Klaproth: “Jnl. Asiatique,” 1829.

MINNESINGERS.

Early minstrels of Germany, using the SWABIAN and other dialects. See “Manessische Handschrift,” by Vander Hagen, 1838; “Die Deutschen Minnesänger,” 4 vols. 4to. The MEISTERSANGERS are of a later date.

MINSI.

American: classed as ALGONKIN. Also called MINISTI or MUNSEYI, meaning “Wolf-tribe.”

⁂ A tribe of the Lenni-Lenape or Delaware Indians; of the others, the Unalachtgo speak a similar dialect, but the Unami is different.

MIRAMICHI.

American: MIC-MAC of New Brunswick.

MIRANHA.

AMERICAN: dialect of the U. Japura, allied to BARREE. See Vocaby. in Von Martius, vol. ii., p. 279.

MIRBAT.

Extinct dialect of ARABIC.

MIRDITES.

A local dialect of SKIPETAR, spoken in a political division of Albania.

MIRI.

Dialect of ASSAMESE, closely allied to ABOR. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.” _See_ SIBSAGAN.

MIRIAM.

Negritic: collective term for insular dialects of PAPUAN, belonging to the Torres Straits.

MIRUPS.

BURMESE: dialect of Singpo.

MISHIMI.

INDO-CHINESE: dialect of Assam. “Jnl. Asiat. Socy. of Bengal,” 1837.

MISNIAN.

Teutonic: old HIGH-GERMAN of Meissen, Saxony, but best known by the later modern or NEW HIGH-GERMAN, found in the writings of Martin Luther. _See_ LUTHERAN.

MISSIONS, _under_ SAN.

MISSKITO, _see_ MOSQUITO.

MISTECO, _see_ MIXE.

MITHAN.

ASSAMESE: dialect of the Naga tribes, allied to TABLUNG. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”

MITHILI.

BENGALI: vernacular in Behar, Hindostan. It is allied to MAGADHA, and sometimes called TIRHUTYA.

MITLANTONGO.

American: dialect of MISTECO.

MITTEL, _see_ MIDDLE.

MIXE, MIXTECA.

AMERICAN: tribes of Oaxaca in Mexico, speaking several dialects. See “Catechismo,” Puebla, 1837.

MIYUNG.

Burmese: dialect of SINGPHO.

MIZDZHEDZHI.

CAUCASIAN: Klaproth’s name for the central group of languages which the Russians call TSHETSH or CHECH. Various spellings are MITSJEGHI, MIZJEJI, MIZDEGHIC.

MJAMMAW.

Native name for BURMESE. It is a mutation of M into B.

MKUAFI, _see_ UKUAFI.

MOA.

Negritic: sub-dialect of PAPUAN, belonging to the Letti group of the Serwatty Islands. Vocaby. by Heymering: “Tydschrift voor Ned. Ind.,” 1846. P. J. V.

MOAB, MOABITE.

Name for a supposed variety of HEBREW; pre-historic dialect of Wady Mujib, the valley of the river Arnon. Known only by the fragments of an inscription brought from ancient Dibon, now Dîbhan, with characters resembling those of the PHŒNICIAN alphabet. Treatise by Dr. Ginsburg, London, 1870.

MOAN, _see_ MON.

MOBBA, MABA, MABANG.

AFRICAN: dialect of Dar-Saleh, E. of Lake Tschad. See Burckhardt’s “Travels in Nubia,” London, 1819.

MOBILIAN.

American: name for the CHIKKASA of the R. Mobile, spoken in Alabama and Arkansas.

MOBIMA, _see_ MOVIMA.

MOCHIKA, _see_ YUNGA.

MOCHONO, MUCHOJEONE, MOCOROSI.

AMERICAN: Indians of Moxos in Bolivia, allied to MAIPUR.

MODENESE.

Romance: sub-dialect of ITALIAN.

MODOC _or_ MOADOC.

AMERICAN: small tribe of warlike Indians at Lake Clamet or Klamath, on the boundaries of California and Oregon. _See_ OK-KOW-ISH.

MŒSO-GOTHIC.

Teutonic: the GOTHIC of ancient Mœsia. See Gabelentz and Löbe: “Ulphilas,” Leipsic, 1836-1843; also Skeat’s “Mœso-Gothic Glossary” (Phil. Soc. 1868), in the preface to which is a list of all the editions of “Ulphilas” and an account of all MSS. written in Mœso-Gothic, the most famous of the MSS. being the “Codex Argenteus” at Upsal.

⁂ Prof. Max Müller thinks that the era of Ulphilas should be stated as 311-381 A.D. The Mœso-Gothic is LOW-GERMAN, and varies widely in spelling from high-German. This important fact is often passed over in the text-books, which copy from each other. W. W. S. _See_ SUIO-GOTHIC.

MOGHOL, _see_ MONGOL.

MOGHRIL-EL-AKSA, _see_ MONGREBIN.

MOGIALUA.

African: Douville’s class name for BUNDA and KONGO. See “Voyage au Congo,” Paris, 1832.

MOHAVE.

American: dialect of U. California, belonging to the YUMA class.

MOHAWK.

American: same as Maqua, a dialect of IROQUOIS formerly spoken on the R. Mohawk, a tributary of the Hudson, and still spoken to the E. of N. York State; but these tribes are principally settled in Canada. Schoolcraft’s “Indian Tribes,” vol. ii., p. 482.

MOHEGAN, MOHICAN.

American: tribes of ALGONKIN formerly settled on the Hudson, sometimes called PEQUOTS. Sub-divisions were MECH-CHAOOH, or “Wolf-tribe;” “MUCH-QUANH”, or “Bear-tribe;” and TOON-PAOOH, or “Turtle-tribe.” Vocaby. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii., p. 110.

MOHILIAN.

Dialect of the Commorro Is., E. Africa, classed as KAFFIR. H. C.

MOITAY.

Indian tribe on boundaries of Assam and Bengal; also called MECKLEY and MUGGALU.

MOKO _or_ MOKKO.