ii. 406-408, 412-414, 420;

continence compulsory on women who wish to become, ii. 419; prostitution of, ii. 443 _sq._; asylums, ii. 637 _sq._; prohibited from taking an oath, ii. 638

Priests, forbidden to take an oath, i. 58, ii. 638; to engage in warfare, {856} i. 348, 381; to shed human blood, i. 381 _sq._; to take part in a capital charge, i. 381, 382, 493; to engage in hunting, ii. 506; the law of torture relating to, i. 523 _sq._; curses of, i. 563; enslaving of children of incontinent, i. 700; certain foods forbidden to, or rejected by, ii. 322, 329, 333, 338; forbidden to marry and to have intercourse with women, ii. 405-409, 412, 414, 418-421; eunuch, ii. 408, 414, 488 n. ^6; forbidden to contract a second marriage, ii. 412; to marry widows, ii. 412, 420; to marry harlots or divorced wives, ii. 420; taboos imposed upon, ii. 417 _sq._; continence compulsory on persons who wish to become, ii. 419; temporary continence compulsory on, ii. 419 _sq._; the punishment of unchastity in the daughters of, ii. 420; represented as corrupters of domestic virtue, ii. 432; their celibacy a cause of homosexual practices, ii. 467; boys kept as, ii. 473; used as temple prostitutes, ii. 473, 488; cannibalism of, ii. 563, 574; their residences asylums, ii. 630, 634, 637; opposing sorcery, ii. 652; regarded as manifestations of gods, ii. 657, 709; encouraging the belief in the magic efficacy of prayer, ii. 658 _sq._ See Benefit of Clergy; _cf._ Magicians

Primogeniture, ii. 45, 46, 48, 55 _sq._

Promiscuity, the theory of, ii. 396

Promises. See Good faith

Property, the right of, ch. xxviii. _sq._ (ii. 1-71); forfeiture of, as a punishment, i. 47, ii. 254; acquired by a successful duel, i. 498, 503, ii. 9; of wives, i. 632, 637-641, 643, 645, 661, ii. 28-31, 41; of women, i. 661, ii. 28-30, 41; of slaves, i. 677, 684, 688, _cf._ _Peculium_ of slaves; of the dead, i. 399, ii. 44, 518, 539 _sq._, see Inheritance, Wills; of supernatural beings, ii. 626 _sq._; supernatural beings as guardians of, ii. 59-69, 669, 675-677, 679, 684, 686, 699, 700, 705, 714, 717, 732

Prostitution, i. 608, ii. 428-431, 437, 439-446; religious, ii. 443-446, 488; of men, ii. 459-462, 463, 476, 478, 488

Provocation, i. 290-298, 311, 316 _sq._

Prudence, i. 560, 581, 715, ii. 52, 59, 114, 124, 176, 185, 265-268, 331, 332, 334. 335, 342, 428, 497, 539, 547, 548, 660

Puberty, girls at, ii. 307 _sq._

Public approval, the prototype of moral approval, i. 9, 122, 129

---- disapproval, the prototype of moral disapproval, i. 9, 119-122

Pulse, abstinence from, ii. 322, _cf._ ii. 430 _sq._

Punishment, inflicted on others than the culprit, i. 43-48, 69 _sq._; restricted to the culprit, i. 70-72; essentially an expression of the moral indignation of the society which inflicts it, i. 79, 89-91, 169, 185, 198-201; theories as to the proper object of, i. 79-91; regarded as a means of eliminating the criminal, i. 80-82; as a deterrent, i. 80-84, 88-91; as a means of reforming the criminal, i. 80-91; defined, i. 82, 169 _sq._; the limited efficiency of, as a deterrent, i. 90 n. ^1; a source of moral disapproval, i. 115; the relation between indemnification and, i. 168 _sq._; among savages, i. 170-177; transition from revenge to, i. 180-185; the opinion that determent actually is or has been the chief object of, i. 185-200; the increasing severity of, i. 186-198; inflicted on criminals in public, i. 191 _sq._; of unintentional injuries, i. 219, 221-226, 231, 232, 235-240; of attempts to commit crimes, i. 241-247, 374; of acts of preparation, i. 243-246; of bare intentions, i. 245; inflicted on animals, i. 253-260, 264, 308; on inanimate things, i. 261-264, 308; of injuries committed by children, i. 265-269; by old persons, i. 266 _sq._; by lunatics, i. 271-277, 298 _sq._; by idiots, i. 273; in drunkenness, i. 279-282; inflicted upon the offending member, i. 311, 312, 513, 518, 519, 521 _sq._, ii. 9, 13, 74, 84, 123 n. ^1, 143 n. ^1; from a deterministic point of view, i. 320 _sq._; influenced by rank, i. 430-433, 491, 518, 519, 524, ii. 19, 20, 58, 142, 143, 448-450; corporal, i. 520-525; suicide committed out of fear of, ii. 233; redeems the sufferer from {857} punishment in a future existence, ii. 360; inflicted on gods, ii. 610. For various kinds of punishment see Banishment, Cannibalism (as a punishment), Emasculation, Mutilation, Outlawry, Property (forfeiture of), Serfdom (as a punishment), Shame (putting offenders to), Slavery (as a punishment)

Punishment in a future existence. See Future life

---- of death, i. 491-496; among savages, i. 188-190, 195-197; as a kind of human sacrifice, i. 440, 471 _sq._; suicide as an alternative to, ii. 243; inflicted for a variety of crimes, i. 44-46, 171, 172, 174, 177, 186-197, 253, 254, 287, 306, 311, 312, 331, 383-386, 404, 407, 409, 412, 416, 419, 420, 423, 424, 429-433, 439, 440, 491, 492, 495, 496, 508, 509, 513, 516, 518, 685, ii. 4, 5, 7-9, 12-15, 19, 96, 140-142, 256 n. ^2, 276, 331, 366-368, 378, 406-408, 420, 424-426, 428, 429, 431, 442, 447-450, 453, 474, 475 n. ^10, 477-482, 497, 558, 640, 647, 650-652

Purificatory ceremonies, i. 53-57, 69, 233, 375-377, 379-381, 625, ii. 256 _sq._ n. ^2, 257 n. ^5, 294, 295, 328, 352-354, 358, 359, 415, 416, 472 n. ^7, 476, 538, 545, 726

RAIN, human sacrifices offered for the purpose of producing, i. 449-451; certain other methods of procuring, ii. 315, 361

Rama[d.]ân, the fast of, i. 271, ii. 313-315, 725

Rank, influencing customs or laws relating to homicide, i. 34, 35, 178, 430-433, 491; to capital punishment, i. 491; to bodily injuries, i. 518, 519, 524; to corporal punishment, i. 522-524; to torture, i. 523 _sq._; to theft, ii. 19, 20, 58; to sincerity, ii. 103; to insults, i. 142 _sq._; to politeness, i. 151 _sq._; to suicide, i. 243; to marriage, ii. 379, 380, 384; to chastity, ii. 428, 433 _sq._; to rape, ii. 437 _sq._; to adultery, ii. 448-450; to the disposal of the dead, ii. 527, 549; to cannibalism, ii. 573 _sq._; supposed to influence the efficacy of curses, i. 626 _sq._; to influence men's state in the other world, ii. 698

Rape, i. 187, 188, 311, 521, ii. 437, 438, 476, 633, 679; self-defence in the case of, i. 290

Rashness, i. 211, 305-310

Ravens, fear of killing, ii. 491

Reason, the theory according to which moral judgments are ultimately based on, i. 7-17

Reception ceremonies, i. 590-592

Reflection, its influence on moral estimates, i. 10, 11, 70, 216, 237, 247, 248, 251, 283, 303, 310, 312-314, ii. 111, 136, 267, 268, 274, 283, 405, 512-514, 580, 581, 744-746; on non-moral resentment, i. 315, 316, 318

Reflex action, i. 22

Regalia, regarded as wonder-working talismans, ii. 608 n. ^4, 753 _sq._

Regret, the similarity between remorse and, i. 123 _sq._

_Religio_, the meaning of the word, ii. 584-586

Religion, belief in supernatural being an essential element in, ch. xlvii., (ii. 582-601); duties to gods inculcated by, ch. xlviii. _sq._ (ii. 602-662); relations between morality and, chs. l.-lii. (ii. 663-737), 745 _sq._; custom stronger than, i. 164; enjoins abstinence from work on certain days, i. 187, ii. 284-289, 718; the severity of punishment increased by, i. 193-198; enjoins fasting, i. 271, ii. 246, 292-298, 308-318, 358, 406, 725; a source of war, i. 339, 349-352, 359; attitude of, towards war, i. 339, 341, 342, 345-366, 369 _sq._, ii. 711; condemns homicide, i. 345, 346, 378-380, 382, ii. 669, 672, 676, 684, 686, 700, 705, 714, 716 n. ^2, 717, 732; condemns the killing or exposure of infants, i. 407, 411 _sq._; condemns feticide, i. 414-417, ii. 705; attitude of, towards slavery, i. 424, 426, 516, 683-689, 693-700, 711-713, ii. 711; gives support to capital punishment, i. 496; influences the right to bodily integrity, i. 520; inculcates filial duties, i. 536, 537, 608, 610, 612, 613, 616, 617, 620-627, ii. 711, 714, 715, 716 n. ^2, 717, 732; enjoins charity, i. 549-558, 561-569, ii. 669, 672, 699, 705, 711, 717, 718, 725, 726, 732; enjoins hospitality, i. 578-580, ii. 669, 711, 714, {858} 715, 717, 718, 726, 732; influences the treatment of old persons, i. 620 _sq._, ii. 672, 675; influences the position of women, i. 663; regards women as unclean, i. 663-666; attitude of, towards serfdom, i. 703 _sq._; the right of property sanctioned by, ii. 59-69, 669, 675-677, 679, 684, 686, 699, 700, 705, 714, 717, 732; the regard for truth and good faith sanctioned by, ii. 96, 114-124, 128, 129, 669, 672, 675-677, 684, 686, 699, 700, 703-705, 707. 711, 714, 717, 726, 732; leads to "pious fraud," ii. 100, 104, 112; condemns pride, ii. 144 _sq._, its relation to national feeling and patriotism, ii. 174, 175, 178 _sq._; as a social tie, ii. 209-213, 225-227, 725; the opinions as regards suicide influenced by, ii. 234, 236, 237, 242-254, 260, 261, 263; the moral ideas relating to self-regarding conduct influenced by, ii. 267 _sq._; commends agriculture, ii. 275; attitude of, towards labour, ii. 275, 280-289, 675, 705, 747; commends poverty, ii. 280-282; requires ceremonial cleanliness, ii. 294, 295, 352-354, 358, 359, 415-420, 700 n. ^5, 705, 718, 726; enjoins pilgrimage, ii. 314, 725; imposes various restrictions in diet, ii. 322-338, 671; encourages drunkenness, ii. 339; enjoins sobriety or total abstinence from intoxicating liquors,