Chapter 88

Ar"bor , n. [Written also arbour .] [L., a tree, a beam.] 1. (Bot.) A tree, as distinguished from a shrub.

2. [Cf. F. arbre .] (Mech.) (a) An axle or spindle of a wheel or opinion. (b) A mandrel in lathe turning.

Knight.

Arbor Day , a day appointed for planting trees and shrubs. [U.S.]

Arborary <Xpage=77>

Ar"bo*ra*ry (#) , a. [L. arborarius , fr. arbor tree.] Of or pertaining to trees; arboreal.

Arborator <Xpage=77>

Ar"bo*ra`tor (#) , n. [L., fr. arbor tree.] One who plants or who prunes trees. [Obs.]

Evelyn.

Arbor Dian\'91 <Xpage=77>

Ar"bor Di*a"n\'91 (#) . [L., the tree of Diana, or silver.] (Chem.) A precipitation of silver, in a beautiful arborescent form.

Arboreal <Xpage=77>

Ar*bo"re*al (#) , a. 1. Of or pertaining to a tree, or to trees; of nature of trees.

Cowley.

2. Attached to, found in or upon, or frequenting, woods or trees; as, arboreal animals .

Woodpeckers are eminently arboreal . Darwin.

Arbored <Xpage=77>

Ar"bored (#) , a. Furnished with an arbor; lined with trees. "An arboreal walk."

Pollok.

Arboreous <Xpage=77>

Ar*bo"re*ous (#) , a. [L. arboreous , fr. arbor tree.] 1. Having the form, constitution, or habits, of a proper tree, in distinction from a shrub.

Loudon.

2. Pertaining to, or growing on, trees; as, arboreous moss .

Quincy.

Arborescence <Xpage=77>

Ar`bo*res"cence (#) , n. The state of being arborescent; the resemblance to a tree in minerals, or crystallizations, or groups of crystals in that form; as, the arborescence produced by precipitating silver .

Arborescent <Xpage=77>

Ar`bo*res"cent (#) , a. [L. arborescens , p. pr. of arborescere to become a tree, fr. arbor tree.] Resembling a tree; becoming woody in stalk; dendritic; having crystallizations disposed like the branches and twigs of a tree. " Arborescent hollyhocks."

Evelyn.

Arboret <Xpage=77>

Ar"bo*ret (#) , n. [OF. arboret , dim. of arbre tree, L. arbor ] A small tree or shrub. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Among thick-woven arborets , and flowers Imbordered on each bank. Milton.

Arboretum <Xpage=77>

Ar`bo*re"tum (#) , n. ; pl. Arboreta (#) . [L., a place grown with trees.] A place in which a collection of rare trees and shrubs is cultivated for scientific or educational purposes.

Arborical <Xpage=77>

Ar*bor"ic*al (#) , a. Relating to trees. [Obs.]

Arboricole <Xpage=77>

Ar*bor"i*cole (#) , a. [L. arbor + colere to inhabit.] (Zo\'94l.) Tree-inhabiting; -- said of certain birds.

Arboricultural <Xpage=77>

Ar`bor*i*cul"tur*al (#) , a. Pertaining to arboriculture.

Loudon.

Arboriculture <Xpage=77>

Ar`bor*i*cul"ture (?; 135) , n. [L. arbor tree + cultura . See Culture .] The cultivation of trees and shrubs, chiefly for timber or for ornamental purposes.

Arboriculturist <Xpage=77>

Ar`bor*i*cul"tur*ist , n. One who cultivates trees.

Arboriform <Xpage=77>

Ar*bor"i*form (#) , a. Treelike in shape.

Arborist <Xpage=77>

Ar"bor*ist (#) , n. [F. arboriste , fr. L. arbor tree.] One who makes trees his study, or who is versed in the knowledge of trees.

Howell.

Arborization <Xpage=77>

Ar`bor*i*za"tion (#) , n. [Cf. F. arborisation , fr. L. arbor tree.] The appearance or figure of a tree or plant, as in minerals or fossils; a dendrite.

Arborized <Xpage=77>

Ar"bor*ized (#) , a. Having a treelike appearance. "An arborized or moss agate."

Wright.

Arborous <Xpage=77>

Ar"bor*ous (#) , a. Formed by trees. [Obs.]

From under shady, arborous roof. Milton.

Arbor vine <Xpage=77>

Ar"bor vine` (#) . A species of bindweed.

<-- note no *pos* in this def, in original --> Arbor vit\'91 <Xpage=77>

Ar"bor vi"t\'91 (#) . [L., tree of life.] 1. (Bot.) An evergreen tree of the cypress tribe, genus Thuja . The American species is the T. occidentalis .

2. (Anat.) The treelike disposition of the gray and white nerve tissues in the cerebellum, as seen in a vertical section.

Arbuscle <Xpage=77>

Ar"bus*cle (#) , n. [L. arbuscula small tree, shrub, dim. of arbor tree.] A dwarf tree, one in size between a shrub and a tree; a treelike shrub.

Bradley.

Arbuscular <Xpage=77>

Ar*bus"cu*lar (#) , a. Of or pertaining to a dwarf tree; shrublike.

Da Costa.

Arbustive <Xpage=77>

Ar*bus"tive (#) , a. [L. arbustivus , fr. arbustum place where trees are planted.] Containing copses of trees or shrubs; covered with shrubs.

Bartram.

Arbutus, Arbute <Xpage=77>

Ar"bu*tus (#) , Ar"bute (#) , n. [L. arbutus , akin to arbor tree.] The strawberry tree, a genus of evergreen shrubs, of the Heath family. It has a berry externally resembling the strawberry; the arbute tree.

Trailing arbutus (Bot.) , a creeping or trailing plant of the Heath family (Epig\'91a repens) , having white or usually rose-colored flowers with a delicate fragrance, growing in small axillary clusters, and appearing early in the spring; in New England known as mayflower ; -- called also ground laurel .

Gray.

Arc <Xpage=77>

Arc (#) , n. [F. arc , L. arcus bow, arc. See Arch , n. ] 1. (Geom.) A portion of a curved line; as, the arc of a circle or of an ellipse .

2. A curvature in the shape of a circular arc or an arch; as, the colored arc (the rainbow); the arc of Hadley's quadrant.

3. An arch. [Obs.]

Statues and trophies, and triumphal arcs . Milton.

4. The apparent arc described, above or below the horizon, by the sun or other celestial body. The diurnal arc is described during the daytime, the nocturnal arc during the night.

Electric arc , Voltaic arc . See under Voltaic .

Arcade <Xpage=77>

Ar*cade" (#) , n. [F. arcade , Sp. arcada , LL. arcata , fr. L. arcus bow, arch.] 1. (Arch.) (a) A series of arches with the columns or piers which support them, the spandrels above, and other necessary appurtenances; sometimes open, serving as an entrance or to give light; sometimes closed at the back (as in the cut) and forming a decorative feature. (b) A long, arched building or gallery.

2. An arched or covered passageway or avenue.

Arcaded <Xpage=77>

Ar*cad"ed (#) , a. Furnished with an arcade.

Arcadia <Xpage=77>

Ar*ca"di*a (#) , n. [L. Arcadia , Gr. <?/.] 1. A mountainous and picturesque district of Greece, in the heart of the Peloponnesus, whose people were distinguished for contentment and rural happiness.

2. Fig.: Any region or scene of simple pleasure and untroubled quiet.

Where the cow is, there is Arcadia . J. Burroughs.

Arcadian, Arcadic <Xpage=77>

Ar*ca"di*an (#) , Ar*ca"dic (#) , a. [L. Arcadius , Arcadicus , fr. Arcadia : cf. F. Arcadien , Arcadique .] Of or pertaining to Arcadia; pastoral; ideally rural; as, Arcadian simplicity or scenery .

Arcane <Xpage=77>

Ar*cane" (#) , a. [L. arcanus .] Hidden; secret. [Obs.] "The arcane part of divine wisdom."

Berkeley.

Arcanum <Xpage=77>

Ar*ca"num (#) , n. ; pl. Arcana (#) . [L., fr. arcanus closed, secret, fr. arca chest, box, fr. arcere to inclose. See Ark .] 1. A secret; a mystery; -- generally used in the plural.

Inquiries into the arcana of the Godhead. Warburton.

2. (Med.) A secret remedy; an elixir.

Dunglison.

Arcboutant <Xpage=77>

Arc`*bou`tant" (#) , n. [F.] (Arch.) A flying buttress.

Gwilt.

Arch <Xpage=77>

Arch (#) , n. [F. arche , fr. LL. arca , for arcus . See Arc .] 1. (Geom.) Any part of a curved line.

2. (Arch.) (a) Usually a curved member made up of separate wedge-shaped solids, with the joints between them disposed in the direction of the radii of the curve; used to support the wall or other weight above an opening. In this sense arches are segmental , round (i. e., semicircular), or pointed . (b) A flat arch is a member constructed of stones cut into wedges or other shapes so as to support each other without rising in a curve.

&hand; Scientifically considered, the arch is a means of spanning an opening by resolving vertical pressure into horizontal or diagonal thrust.

3. Any place covered by an arch; an archway; as, to pass into the arch of a bridge .

4. Any curvature in the form of an arch; as, the arch of the aorta . "Colors of the showery arch ."

Milton.

Triumphal arch , a monumental structure resembling an arched gateway, with one or more passages, erected to commemorate a triumph.

Arch <Xpage=77>

Arch , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Arched (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Arching .] 1. To cover with an arch or arches.

2. To form or bend into the shape of an arch.

The horse arched his neck. Charlesworth.

Arch <Xpage=77>

Arch , v. i. To form into an arch; to curve.

<-- p. 78 -->

Arch- <Xpage=78>

Arch- (\'84rch-, except in archangel and one or two other words) . [L. arch- , Gr. <?/<?/<?/. See Arch- .] A prefix signifying chief , as in arch builder, arch fiend.

Arch <Xpage=78>

Arch (#) , a. [See Arch- , pref.] 1. Chief; eminent; greatest; principal.

The most arch act of piteous massacre. Shak.

2. Cunning or sly; sportively mischievous; roguish; as, an arch look, word, lad .

[He] spoke his request with so arch a leer. Tatler.

Arch <Xpage=78>

Arch , n. [See Arch- , pref .] A chief. [Obs.]

My worthy arch and patron comes to-night. Shak.

arch <Xpage=78>

*arch (#) . [Gr. <?/ chief, commander, <?/ to rule. See Arch , a .] A suffix meaning a ruler , as in mon arch (a sole ruler).

Arch\'91an <Xpage=78>

Ar*ch\'91"an (#) , a. [Gr. <?/ ancient, fr. <?/ beginning.] Ancient; pertaining to the earliest period in geological history.

Arch\'91an <Xpage=78>

Ar*ch\'91"an , n. (Geol.) The earliest period in geological period, extending up to the Lower Silurian. It includes an Azoic age, previous to the appearance of life, and an Eozoic age, including the earliest forms of life.

&hand; This is equivalent to the formerly accepted term Azoic , and to the Eozoic of Dawson.

Arch\'91ography <Xpage=78>

Ar`ch\'91*og"ra*phy (#) , n. [Gr. <?/ ancient + -graphy .] A description of, or a treatise on, antiquity or antiquities.

Arch\'91olithic <Xpage=78>

Ar`ch\'91*o*lith"ic (#) , a. [Gr. <?/ ancient + <?/ pertaining to a stone.] (Arch\'91ol.) Of or pertaining to the earliest Stone age; -- applied to a prehistoric period preceding the Paleolithic age.

Arch\'91ologian <Xpage=78>

Ar`ch\'91*o*lo"gi*an (#) , n. An arch\'91ologist.

Arch\'91ologic, Arch\'91ological <Xpage=78>

Ar`ch\'91*o*log"ic (#) , Ar`ch\'91*o*log"ic*al (#) , Relating to arch\'91ology, or antiquities; as, arch\'91ological researches . -- Ar`*ch\'91*o*log"ic*al*ly , adv.

Arch\'91ologist <Xpage=78>

Ar`ch\'91*ol"o*gist (#) , n. One versed in arch\'91ology; an antiquary.

Wright.

Arch\'91ology <Xpage=78>

Ar`ch\'91*ol"o*gy (#) , n. [Gr. <?/; <?/ ancient (fr. <?/ beginning) + <?/ discourse, <?/ to speak.] The science or study of antiquities, esp. prehistoric antiquities, such as the remains of buildings or monuments of an early epoch, inscriptions, implements, and other relics, written manuscripts, etc.

Arch\'91opteryx <Xpage=78>

Ar`ch\'91*op"te*ryx (#) , n. [Gr. <?/ ancient + <?/ wing.] (Paleon.) A fossil bird, of the Jurassic period, remarkable for having a long tapering tail of many vertebr\'91 with feathers along each side, and jaws armed with teeth, with other reptilian characteristics.

Arch\'91ostomatous <Xpage=78>

Ar`ch\'91*o*stom"a*tous (#) , a. [Gr. <?/ ancient + <?/ mouth.] (Biol.) Applied to a gastrula when the blastorope does not entirely up.

Arch\'91ozoic <Xpage=78>

Ar`ch\'91*o*zo"ic (#) , a. [Gr. <?/ ancient + <?/ animal.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or belonging to the earliest forms of animal life.

Archaic <Xpage=78>

Ar*cha"ic (#) , a. [Gr. <?/ old-fashioned, fr. <?/ ancient.] Of or characterized by antiquity or archaism; antiquated; obsolescent.

Archaical <Xpage=78>

Ar*cha"ic*al (#) , a. Archaic. [R.] -- Ar*cha"ic*al*ly , adv.

Archaism <Xpage=78>

Ar"cha*ism (#) , n. [Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ ancient, fr. <?/ beginning: cf. F. archa\'8bsme . See Arch , a. ] 1. An ancient, antiquated, or old-fashioned, word, expression, or idiom; a word or form of speech no longer in common use.

2. Antiquity of style or use; obsoleteness.

A select vocabulary corresponding (in point of archaism and remoteness from ordinary use) to our Scriptural vocabulary. De Quincey.

Archaist <Xpage=78>

Ar"cha*ist , n. 1. Am antiquary.

2. One who uses archaisms.

Archaistic <Xpage=78>

Ar`cha*is"tic (#) , a. Like, or imitative of, anything archaic; pertaining to an archaism.

Archaize <Xpage=78>

Ar"cha*ize (#) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Archaized (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Archaizing .] [Gr. <?/.] To make appear archaic or antique.

Mahaffy.

Archangel <Xpage=78>

Arch`an"gel (#) , n. [L. archangelus , Gr. <?/: cf. OF. archangel , F. archange . See Arch- , pref., and Angel .] 1. A chief angel; one high in the celestial hierarchy.

Milton.

2. (Bot.) A term applied to several different species of plants (Angelica archangelica, Lamium album, etc.) .

Archangelic <Xpage=78>

Arch`an*gel"ic (#) , a. [Cf. F. archang\'82lique .] Of or pertaining to archangels; of the nature of, or resembling, an archangel.

Milton.

Archbishop <Xpage=78>

Arch`bish"op (#) , n. [AS. arcebisceop , arcebiscop , L. archiepiscopus , fr. Gr. <?/. See Bishop .] A chief bishop; a church dignitary of the first class (often called a metropolitan or primate) who superintends the conduct of the suffragan bishops in his province, and also exercises episcopal authority in his own diocese.

Archbishopric <Xpage=78>

Arch`bish"op*ric (#) , n. [AS. arcebiscopr\'c6ce . See -ric .] The jurisdiction or office of an archbishop; the see or province over which archbishop exercises archiepiscopal authority.

Arch brick <Xpage=78>

Arch" brick` (#) . A wedge-shaped brick used in the building of an arch.

Archbutler <Xpage=78>

Arch`but"ler (#) , n. [Pref. arch- + butler .] A chief butler; -- an officer of the German empire.

Archchamberlain <Xpage=78>

Arch`cham"ber*lain (#) , n. [Cf. G. erzk\'84mmerer . See Arch- , pref .] A chief chamberlain; -- an officer of the old German empire, whose office was similar to that of the great chamberlain in England.

Archchancellor <Xpage=78>

Arch`chan"cel*lor (#) , n. [Cf. Ger. erzkanzler . See Arch- , pref .] A chief chancellor; -- an officer in the old German empire, who presided over the secretaries of the court.

Archchemic <Xpage=78>

Arch`chem"ic (#) , a. Of supreme chemical powers. [R.] "The archchemic sun."

Milton.

Archdeacon <Xpage=78>

Arch`dea"con (#) , n. [AS. arcediacon , archidiacon , L. archidiaconus , fr. Gr. <?/. See Arch- , pref ., and Deacon .] In England, an ecclesiastical dignitary, next in rank below a bishop, whom he assists, and by whom he is appointed, though with independent authority.

Blackstone.

Archdeaconry <Xpage=78>

Arch`dea"con*ry , n. The district, office, or residence of an archdeacon. See Benefice .

Every diocese is divided into archdeaconries . Blackstone.

Archdeaconship <Xpage=78>

Arch`dea"con*ship , n. The office of an archdeacon.

Archdiocese <Xpage=78>

Arch`di"o*cese (#) , n. [Pref. arch- + diocese .] The diocese of an archbishop.

Archducal <Xpage=78>

Arch`du"cal (#) , a. Of or pertaining to an archduke or archduchy.

Archduchess <Xpage=78>

Arch`duch"ess (#) , n. [Pref. arch- + duchess .] The consort of an archduke; also, a princess of the imperial family of Austria. See Archduke .

Archduchy <Xpage=78>

Arch`duch"y , n. The territory of an archduke or archduchess.

Ash.

Archduke <Xpage=78>

Arch`duke" (#) , n. [Pref. arch- + duke .] A prince of the imperial family of Austria.

&hand; Formerly this title was assumed by the rulers of Lorraine, Brabant, Austria, etc. It is now appropriated to the descendants of the imperial family of Austria through the make line, all such male descendants being styled archduke , and all such female descendants archduchesses .

Archdukedom <Xpage=78>

Arch`duke"dom (#) , n. An archduchy.

Archebiosis <Xpage=78>

Ar`che*bi*o"sis (#) , n. [Pref. arche- <?/ archi- + Gr. <?/, <?/, life.] To origination of living matter from non-living. See Abiogenesis .

Bastian.

Arched <Xpage=78>

Arched (#) , a. Made with an arch or curve; covered with an arch; as, an arched door .

Archegonial <Xpage=78>

Ar`che*go"ni*al (#) , a. Relating to the archegonium.

Archegonium <Xpage=78>

Ar`che*go"ni*um (#) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the first of a race.] (Bot.) The pistillidium or female organ in the higher cryptogamic plants, corresponding to the pistil in flowering plants.

Archegony <Xpage=78>