Chapter 89

Ar*cheg"o*ny (#) , n. [See Archegonium .] (Biol.) Spontaneous generation; abiogenesis.

Archelogy <Xpage=78>

Ar*chel"o*gy (#) , n. [Gr. <?/ an element or first principle + -logy .] The science of, or a treatise on, first principles.

Fleming.

Archencephala <Xpage=78>

Ar`chen*ceph"a*la (#) , n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. pref. <?/ + <?/ the brain.] (Zo\'94l.) The division that includes man alone.

R. Owen.

Archenemy <Xpage=78>

Arch`en"e*my (#) , n. [Pref. arch- + enemy .] A principal enemy. Specifically, Satan, the grand adversary of mankind.

Milton.

Archenteric <Xpage=78>

Arch`en*ter"ic (#) , a. (Biol.) Relating to the archenteron; as, archenteric invagination .

Archenteron <Xpage=78>

Arch`en"ter*on , n. [Pref. arch- + Gr. <?/ intestine.] (Biol.) The primitive enteron or undifferentiated digestive sac of a gastrula or other embryo. See Illust . under Invagination .

Archeology, n., Archeological <Xpage=78>

Ar`che*ol"o*gy (#) , n. , Ar`che*o*log`ic*al (#) , a. Same as Arch\'91ology , etc.

Archer <Xpage=78>

Arch"er (#) , n. [ archier , F. archer , LL. arcarius , fr. L. arcus bow. See Arc , Arch , n. ] A bowman, one skilled in the use of the bow and arrow.

Archeress <Xpage=78>

Arch"er*ess (#) , n. A female archer.

Markham.

Archer fish <Xpage=78>

Arch"er fish` (#) . (Zo\'94l.) A small fish (Toxotes jaculator) , of the East Indies; -- so called from its ejecting drops of water from its mouth at its prey. The name is also applied to Ch\'91todon rostratus .

Archership <Xpage=78>

Arch"er*ship , n. The art or skill of an archer.

Archery <Xpage=78>

Arch"er*y (#) , n. [OE. archerie .] 1. The use of the bow and arrows in battle, hunting, etc.; the art, practice, or skill of shooting with a bow and arrows.

2. Archers, or bowmen, collectively.

Let all our archery fall off In wings of shot a-both sides of the van. Webster (1607).

Arches <Xpage=78>

Arch"es (#) , pl. of Arch , n.

Court of arches , or Arches Court (Eng. Law) , the court of appeal of the Archbishop of Canterbury, whereof the judge, who sits as deputy to the archbishop, is called the Dean of the Arches , because he anciently held his court in the church of St. Mary- le-Bow (de arcubus) . It is now held in Westminster.

Mozley & W.

Archetypal <Xpage=78>

Ar"che*ty`pal (#) , a. Of or pertaining to an archetype; consisting a model (real or ideal) or pattern; original. "One archetypal mind."

Gudworth.

&hand; Among Platonists, the archetypal world is the world as it existed as an idea of God before the creation.

Archetypally <Xpage=78>

Ar"che*ty`pal*ly , adv. With reference to the archetype; originally. "Parts archetypally distinct."

Dana.

Archetype <Xpage=78>

Ar"che*type (#) , n. [L. archetypum , Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ stamped first and as model; <?/ <?/ + <?/ stamp, figure, pattern, <?/ to strike: cf. F. arch\'82type . See Arch- , pref .] 1. The original pattern or model of a work; or the model from which a thing is made or formed.

The House of Commons, the archetype of all the representative assemblies which now meet. Macaulay.

Types and shadows of that glorious archetype that was to come into the world. South.

2. (Coinage) The standard weight or coin by which others are adjusted.

3. (Biol.) The plan or fundamental structure on which a natural group of animals or plants or their systems of organs are assumed to have been constructed; as, the vertebrate archetype .

Archetypical <Xpage=78>

Ar`che*typ"ic*al (#) , a. Relating to an archetype; archetypal.

Archeus <Xpage=78>

Ar*che"us (#) , n. [LL. arch<?/us , Gr. <?/ ancient, primeval, fr. <?/ beginning. See Archi- , pref .] The vital principle or force which (according to the Paracelsians) presides over the growth and continuation of living beings; the anima mundi or plastic power of the old philosophers. [Obs.]

Johnson.

Archi- <Xpage=78>

Ar"chi- (#) . [L., archi- , Gr. <?/, a prefix which is from the same root as <?/ to be first, to begin; <?/ the first place, beginning; <?/ chief. Cf. AS. arce- , erce- , OHG. erzi -.] A prefix signifying chief , arch ; as, archi tect, archi episcopal . In Biol . and Anat . it usually means primitive , original , ancestral ; as, archi pterygium, the primitive fin or wing .

Archiannelida <Xpage=78>

Ar`chi*an*nel"i*da (#) , n. pl. [NL.; pref. archi- + annelida .] (Zo\'94l.) A group of Annelida remarkable for having no external segments or distinct ventral nerve ganglions.

Archiater <Xpage=78>

Ar"chi*a`ter (#) , n. [L. archiatrus , Gr. <?/; pref. <?/ + <?/ physician, <?/ to heal.] Chief physician; -- a term applied, on the continent of Europe, to the first or body physician of princes and to the first physician of some cities.

P. Cyc.

Archiblastula <Xpage=78>

Ar`chi*blas"tu*la (#) , n. [Pref. archi + blastula .] (Biol.) A hollow blastula, supposed to be the primitive form; a c<?/loblastula.

Archical <Xpage=78>

Ar"chi*cal (#) , a. [Gr. <?/ able to govern, fr. <?/ beginning, government. See Arch- , pref. ] Chief; primary; primordial. [Obs.]

Cudworth.

Archidiaconal <Xpage=78>

Ar`chi*di*ac"o*nal (#) , a. [L. archidiaconus , Gr. <?/, equiv. to E. archdeacon .] Of or pertaining to an archdeacon.

This offense is liable to be censured in an archidiaconal visitation. Johnson.

Archiepiscopacy <Xpage=78>

Ar`chi*e*pis"co*pa*cy (#) , n. [Pref. archi- + episcopacy .] 1. That form of episcopacy in which the chief power is in the hands of archbishops.

2. The state or dignity of an archbishop.

Archiepiscopal <Xpage=78>

Ar`chi*e*pis"co*pal (#) , a. [Pref. archi- + episcopal .] Of or pertaining to an archbishop; as, Canterbury is an archiepiscopal see .

Archiepiscopality <Xpage=78>

Ar`chi*e*pis`co*pal"i*ty (#) , n. The station or dignity of an archbishop; archiepiscopacy.

Fuller.

Archiepiscopate <Xpage=78>

Ar`chi*e*pis"co*pate (#) , n. [Pref. archi- + episcopate .] The office of an archbishop; an archbishopric.

Archierey <Xpage=78>

Ar*chi"e*rey (#) , n. [Russ. archier\'82i , fr. Gr. <?/; pref. <?/ (E. arch- ) + \'b5 priest.] The higher order of clergy in Russia, including metropolitans, archbishops, and bishops.

Pinkerton.

Archil <Xpage=78>

Ar"chil (?; 277) , n. [OF. orchel , orcheil , It. orcella , oricello , or OSp. orchillo . Cf. Orchil .] 1. A violet dye obtained from several species of lichen (Roccella tinctoria, etc.) , which grow on maritime rocks in the Canary and Cape Verd Islands, etc.

Tomlinson.

2. The plant from which the dye is obtained. [Written also orchal and orchil .]

Archilochian <Xpage=78>

Ar`chi*lo"chi*an (#) , a. [L. Archilochius .] Of or pertaining to the satiric Greek poet Archilochus; as, Archilochian meter .

Archimage, Archimagus <Xpage=78>

Ar"chi*mage (#) , Ar`chi*ma"gus (#) , n. [NL.; pref. archi- + L. magus , Gr. <?/, a Magian.] 1. The high priest of the Persian Magi, or worshipers of fire.

2. A great magician, wizard, or enchanter.

Spenser.

Archimandrite <Xpage=78>

Ar`chi*man"drite (#) , n. [L. archimandrita , LGr. <?/; pref. <?/ (E. arch- ) + <?/ an inclosed space, esp. for cattle, a fold, a monastery.] (Gr. Church) (a) A chief of a monastery, corresponding to abbot in the Roman Catholic church. (b) A superintendent of several monasteries, corresponding to superior abbot , or father provincial , in the Roman Catholic church.

Archimedean <Xpage=78>

Ar`chi*me*de"an (#) , a. [L. Archimedeus .] Of or pertaining to Archimedes, a celebrated Greek philosopher; constructed on the principle of Archimedes' screw; as, Archimedean drill, propeller, etc.

Archimedean screw , or Archimedes' screw , an instrument, said to have been invented by Archimedes, for raising water, formed by winding a flexible tube round a cylinder in the form of a screw. When the screw is placed in an inclined position, and the lower end immersed in water, by causing the screw to revolve, the water is raised to the upper end.

Francis.

Archimedes <Xpage=78>

Ar`chi*me"des (#) , n. (Paleon.) An extinct genus of Bryzoa characteristic of the subcarboniferous rocks. Its form is that of a screw.

Arching <Xpage=78>

Arch"ing (#) , n. 1. The arched part of a structure.

2. (Naut.) Hogging; -- opposed to sagging .

Archipelagic <Xpage=78>

Ar`chi*pe*lag"ic (#) , a. Of or pertaining to an archipelago.

Archipelago <Xpage=78>

Ar`chi*pel"a*go , n. ; pl. -goes or -gos (#) . [It. arcipelago , properly, chief sea; Gr. pref <?/ + <?/ sea, perh. akin to <?/ blow, and expressing the beating of the waves. See Plague .]

1. The Grecian Archipelago, or \'92gean Sea, separating Greece from Asia Minor. It is studded with a vast number of small islands.

2. Hence: Any sea or broad sheet of water interspersed with many islands or with a group of islands.

<-- p. 79 -->

Archipterygium <Xpage=79>

Ar*chip`te*ryg"i*um (#) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. pref. <?/ (E. arch- ) + <?/ wing, fin.] (Anat.) The primitive form of fin, like that of Ceratodus.

Architect <Xpage=79>

Ar"chi*tect (#) , n. [L. architectus , architecton , Gr. <?/ chief artificer, master builder; pref. <?/ (E. archi- ) + <?/ workman, akin to <?/ art, skill, <?/ to produce: cf. F. architecte , It. architetto . See Technical .] 1. A person skilled in the art of building; one who understands architecture, or makes it his occupation to form plans and designs of buildings, and to superintend the artificers employed.

2. A contriver, designer, or maker.

The architects of their own happiness. Milton.

A French woman is a perfect architect in dress. Coldsmith.

Architective <Xpage=79>

Ar`chi*tec"tive (#) , a. Used in building; proper for building.

Derham.

Architectonic, Architectonical <Xpage=79>

Ar`chi*tec*ton"ic (#) , Ar`chi*tec*ton"ic*al (#) , a. [L. architectonicus , Gr. <?/. See Architect .] 1. Pertaining to a master builder, or to architecture; evincing skill in designing or construction; constructive. " Architectonic wisdom."

Boyle.

These architectonic functions which we had hitherto thought belonged. J. C. Shairp.

2. Relating to the systemizing of knowledge.

Architectonic <Xpage=79>

Ar`chi*tec*ton"ic , n. [Cf. F. architectonique .] 1. The science of architecture.

2. The act of arranging knowledge into a system.

Architectonics <Xpage=79>

Ar`chi*tec*ton"ics , n. The science of architecture.

Architector <Xpage=79>

Ar"chi*tec`tor (#) , n. An architect. [Obs.]

North.

Architectress <Xpage=79>

Ar"chi*tec`tress (#) , n. A female architect.

Architectural <Xpage=79>

Ar`chi*tec"tur*al (#) , a. Of or pertaining to the art of building; conformed to the rules of architecture. -- Ar`chi*tec"tur*al*ly , adv.

Architecture <Xpage=79>

Ar"chi*tec`ture (?; 135) , n. [L. architectura , fr. architectus : cf. F. architecture . See Architect .] 1. The art or science of building; especially, the art of building houses, churches, bridges, and other structures, for the purposes of civil life; -- often called civil architecture .

Many other architectures besides Gothic. Ruskin.

3. Construction, in a more general sense; frame or structure; workmanship.

The architecture of grasses, plants, and trees. Tyndall.

The formation of the first earth being a piece of divine architecture . Burnet.

Military architecture , the art of fortifications. -- Naval architecture , the art of building ships.

Architeuthis <Xpage=79>

Ar`chi*teu"this (#) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. pref. <?/ + <?/, <?/, a kind of squid.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of gigantic cephalopods, allied to the squids, found esp. in the North Atlantic and about New Zealand.

Architrave <Xpage=79>

Ar"chi*trave (#) , n. [F. architrave , fr. It. architrave ; pref. archi- + trave beam, L. trabs .] (Arch.) (a) The lower division of an entablature, or that part which rests immediately on the column, esp. in classical architecture. See Column . (b) The group of moldings, or other architectural member, above and on both sides of a door or other opening, especially if square in form.

Architraved <Xpage=79>

Ar"chi*traved (#) , a. Furnished with an architrave.

Cowper.

Archival <Xpage=79>

Ar"chi*val (#) , a. Pertaining to, or contained in, archives or records.

Tooke.

Archive <Xpage=79>

Ar"chive (#) , n. ; pl. Archives (#) . [F. archives , pl., L. archivum , archium , fr. Gr. <?/ government house, <?/ <?/ archives, fr. <?/ the first place, government. See Archi- , pref .] 1. pl . The place in which public records or historic documents are kept.

Our words . . . . become records in God's court, and are laid up in his archives as witnesses. Gov. of Tongue.

2. pl. Public records or documents preserved as evidence of facts; as, the archives of a country or family .

[Rarely used in sing .]

Some rotten archive , rummaged out of some seldom explored press. Lamb.

Syn. -- Registers; records; chronicles.

Archivist <Xpage=79>

Ar"chi*vist (#) , n. [F. archiviste .] A keeper of archives or records. [R.]

Archivolt <Xpage=79>

Ar"chi*volt (#) , n. [F. archivolte , fr. It. archivolto ; pref. archi- + volto vault, arch. See Vault .] (Arch.) (a) The architectural member surrounding the curved opening of an arch, corresponding to the architrave in the case of a square opening. (b) More commonly, the molding or other ornaments with which the wall face of the voussoirs of an arch is charged.

Archlute, Archilute <Xpage=79>

Arch"lute (#) , Arch"i*lute (#) , n. [Cf. F. archiluth , It. arciliuto .] (Mus.) A large theorbo, or double-necked lute, formerly in use, having the bass strings doubled with an octave, and the higher strings with a unison.

Archly <Xpage=79>

Arch"ly (#) , adv. In an arch manner; with attractive slyness or roguishness; slyly; waggishly.

Archly the maiden smiled. Longfellow.

Archmarshal <Xpage=79>

Arch`mar"shal (#) , n. [G. erzmarschall . See Arch- , pref .] The grand marshal of the old German empire, a dignity that to the Elector of Saxony.

Archness <Xpage=79>

Arch"ness , n. The quality of being arch; cleverness; sly humor free from malice; waggishness.

Goldsmith.

Archon <Xpage=79>

Ar"chon (#) , n. [L. archon , Gr. <?/, <?/, ruler, chief magistrate, p. pr. of <?/ to be first, to rule.] (Antiq.) One of the chief magistrates in ancient Athens, especially, by pre\'89minence, the first of the nine chief magistrates. -- Ar*chon"tic (#) , a.

Archonship <Xpage=79>

Ar"chon*ship , n. The office of an archon.

Mitford.

Archontate <Xpage=79>

Ar"chon*tate (#) , n. [Cf. F. archontat .] An archon's term of office.

Gibbon.

Archonts <Xpage=79>

Ar"chonts (#) , n. pl. [Gr. <?/, p . pr . See Archon .] (Zo\'94l.) The group including man alone.

Archprelate <Xpage=79>

Arch`prel"ate (#) , n. [Pref. arch- + prelate .] An archbishop or other chief prelate.

Archpresbyter <Xpage=79>

Arch`pres"by*ter (#) , n. Same as Archpriest .

Archpresbytery <Xpage=79>

Arch`pres"by*ter*y (#) , n. [Pref. arch- + presbutery .] The absolute dominion of presbytery.

Milton.

Archpriest <Xpage=79>

Arch`priest" (#) , n. A chief priest; also, a kind of vicar, or a rural dean.

Archprimate <Xpage=79>

Arch`pri"mate (#) , n. [Pref. arch- + primate .] The chief primate.

Milton.

Arch stone <Xpage=79>

Arch" stone` (#) . A wedge-shaped stone used in an arch; a voussoir.

Archtraitor <Xpage=79>

Arch`trai"tor (#) , n. [Pref. arch- + traitor .] A chief or transcendent traitor.

I. Watts.

Archtreasurer <Xpage=79>

Arch`treas"ur*er (?; 135) , n. [Pref. arch- + treasurer .] A chief treasurer. Specifically, the great treasurer of the German empire.

Archway <Xpage=79>

Arch"way (#) , n. A way or passage under an arch.

Archwife <Xpage=79>

Arch`wife" (#) , n. [Pref. arch- + wife .] A big, masculine wife. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Archwise <Xpage=79>

Arch"wise (#) , adv. Arch-shaped.

Archy <Xpage=79>

Arch"y (#) , a. Arched; as, archy brows .

archy <Xpage=79>

*ar"chy (#) . [Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ chief. See Arch- , pref .] A suffix properly meaning a rule , ruling , as in mon archy , the rule of one only. Cf. -arch .

Arciform <Xpage=79>

Ar"ci*form (#) , a. [L. arcus bow + -form .] Having the form of an arch; curved.

Arcograph <Xpage=79>

Arc"o*graph (#) , n. [L. arcus (E. arc ) + -graph .] An instrument for drawing a circular arc without the use of a central point; a cyclograph.

Arctation <Xpage=79>

Arc*ta"tion (#) , n. [L. arctus shut in, narrow, p. p. of arcere to shut in: cf. F. arctation .] (Med.) Constriction or contraction of some natural passage, as in constipation from inflammation.

Arctic <Xpage=79>