Chapter 846

Ja*ma"i*cine (?) , n. [From Jamaica .] (Chem.) An alkaloid said to be contained in the bark of Geoffroya inermis , a leguminous tree growing in Jamaica and Surinam; -- called also jamacina .

Watts.

Jamb <Xpage=796>

Jamb (?) , n. [Prov. E. jaumb , jaum , F. jambe a leg, jambe de force a principal rafter. See Gambol .]

1. (Arch) The vertical side of any opening, as a door or fireplace; hence, less properly, any narrow vertical surface of wall, as the of a chimney-breast or of a pier, as distinguished from its face.

Gwilt.

2. (Mining) Any thick mass of rock which prevents miners from following the lode or vein.

Jamb <Xpage=796>

Jamb (?) , v. t. See Jam , v. t.

Jambee <Xpage=796>

Jam*bee" (?) , n. [See Jamb , n. : cf . OF. jamboier to walk.] A fashionable cane. [Obs.]

Tatler.

Jambes, Jambeux <Xpage=796>

Jambes (?) , Jam"beux (?) , n. pl. [From F. jambe a leg: cf. OF. jambiere . See Jamb , n. ] (Ancient Armor) In the Middle Ages, armor for the legs below the knees. [Written also giambeux .]

Chaucer.

Jambolana <Xpage=796>

Jam`bo*la"na (?) , n. [Cf. Pg. jambol&atil;o a kind of tropical fruit.] (Bot.) A myrtaceous tree of the West Indies and tropical America ( Calyptranthes Jambolana ), with astringent bark, used for dyeing. It bears an edible fruit.

Jamdani <Xpage=796>

Jam"da*ni (?) , n. A silk fabric, with a woven pattern of sprigs of flowers. [Written also jamdanee .]

Balfour (Cyc. of India).

Jamesonite <Xpage=796>

Ja"me*son*ite (?) , n. [From Prof. Jameson , of Edinburgh.] (Min.) A steel-gray mineral, of metallic luster, commonly fibrous massive. It is a sulphide of antimony and lead, with a little iron.

James's powder <Xpage=796>

James"'s pow`der (?) . (Med.) Antimonial powder, first prepared by Dr. James , ar English physician; -- called also fever powder .

Jamestown weed <Xpage=796>

James"town` weed` (?) . (Bot.) The poisonous thorn apple or stramonium ( Datura stramonium ), a rank weed early noticed at Jamestown , Virginia. See Datura .

&hand; This name is often corrupted into jimson , jimpson , and gympsum .

<page="797"> Page 797

Jan <Xpage=797>

Jan (?) , n. [Ar.] (Moham. Myth.) One of intermediate order between angels and men.

Jane <Xpage=797>

Jane (?) , n. [LL. Janua Genoa; L. Genua , also OE. Jean .] 1. A coin of Genoa; any small coin.

Chaucer.

2. A kind of twilled cotton cloth. See Jean .

Jane-of-apes <Xpage=797>

Jane"-of-apes" (?) , n. A silly, pert girl; -- corresponding to jackanapes .

Massinger.

Jangle <Xpage=797>

Jan"gle (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Jangled (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Jangling (?) .] [OE. janglen to quarrel, OF. jangler to rail, quarrel; of Dutch or German origin; cf. D. jangelen , janken , to whimper, chide, brawl, quarrel.]

1. To sound harshly or discordantly, as bells out of tune.

2. To talk idly; to prate; to babble; to chatter; to gossip. "Thou janglest as a jay."

Chaucer.

3. To quarrel in words; to altercate; to wrangle.

Good wits will be jangling ; but, gentles, agree. Shak.

Prussian Trenck . . . jargons and jangles in an unmelodious manner. Carlyle.

Jangle <Xpage=797>

Jan"gle , v. t. To cause to sound harshly or inharmoniously; to produce discordant sounds with.

Like sweet bells jangled , out of tune, and harsh. Shak.

Jangle <Xpage=797>

Jan"gle , n. [Cf. OF. jangle .]

1. Idle talk; prate; chatter; babble.

Chaucer.

2. Discordant sound; wrangling.

The musical jangle of sleigh bells. Longfellow.

Jangler <Xpage=797>

Jan"gler (?) , n. [Cf. OF. jangleor .]

1. An idle talker; a babbler; a prater.

Chaucer.

2. A wrangling, noisy fellow.

Jangleress <Xpage=797>

Jan"gler*ess , n. A female prater or babbler.

Janglery <Xpage=797>

Jan"gler*y , n. [Cf. OF. janglerie chattering, talk.] Jangling. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Jangling <Xpage=797>

Jan"gling (?) , a. Producing discordant sounds. "A jangling noise."

Milton.

Jangling <Xpage=797>

Jan"gling , n. 1. Idle babbling; vain disputation.

From which some, having swerved, have turned aside unto vain jangling . 1 Tim. i. 6.

2. Wrangling; altercation.

Lamb.

Janissary <Xpage=797>

Jan"is*sa*ry (?) , n. See Janizary .

Janitor <Xpage=797>

Jan"i*tor (?) , n. [L., fr. janua a door.] A door-keeper; a porter; one who has the care of a public building, or a building occupied for offices, suites of rooms, etc.

Janitress, Janitrix <Xpage=797>

Jan"i*tress (?) , Jan"i*trix (?) , n. [L. janitrix . See Janitor .] A female janitor.

Janizar <Xpage=797>

Jan"i*zar` (?) , n. A janizary. [R.]

Byron.

Janizarian <Xpage=797>

Jan`i*za"ri*an (?) , a. Of or pertaining to the janizaries, or their government.

Burke.

Janizary <Xpage=797>

Jan"i*za*ry (?) , n. ; pl. Janizaries (#) . [F. janissaire , fr. Turk. ye<?/i-tsheri new soldiers or troops.] A soldier of a privileged military class, which formed the nucleus of the Turkish infantry, but was suppressed in 1826. [written also janissary .]

Janker <Xpage=797>

Jan"ker (?) , n. A long pole on two wheels, used in hauling logs. [Scot.]

Jamieson.

Jansenism <Xpage=797>

Jan"sen*ism (?) , n. [F. Jans\'82nisme .] (Eccl. Hist.) The doctrine of Jansen regarding free will and divine grace.

Jansenist <Xpage=797>

Jan"sen*ist , n. [F. Jans\'82niste .] (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Cornelius Jansen , a Roman Catholic bishop of Ypres, in Flanders, in the 17th century, who taught certain doctrines denying free will and the possibility of resisting divine grace.

Jant <Xpage=797>

Jant (?) , v. i. See Jaunt .

Janthina <Xpage=797>

Jan"thi*na (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) See Ianthina .

Jantily <Xpage=797>

Jan"ti*ly (?) , adv. See Jauntily .

Jantiness <Xpage=797>

Jan"ti*ness , n. See Jauntiness .

Jantu <Xpage=797>

Jan"tu (?) n. A machine of great antiquity, used in Bengal for raising water to irrigate land.

Knight.

Janty <Xpage=797>

Jan"ty (?) , a. See Jaunty .

January <Xpage=797>

Jan"u*a*ry (?) , n. [L. Januarius , fr. Janus an old Latin deity, the god of the sun and the year, to whom the month of January was sacred; cf. janua a door, Skr. y\'be to go.] The first month of the year, containing thirty-one days.

&hand; Before the adoption of New Style, the commencement of the year was usually reckoned from March 25.

Janus <Xpage=797>

Ja"nus (?) , n. [L. See January .] (Rom. Antiq.) A Latin deity represented with two faces looking in opposite directions. Numa is said to have dedicated to Janus the covered passage at Rome, near the Forum, which is usually called the Temple of Janus. This passage was open in war and closed in peace.

Dr. W. Smith.

Janus cloth , a fabric having both sides dressed, the sides being of different colors, -- used for reversible garments.

Janus-faced <Xpage=797>

Ja"nus-faced` (?) , a. Double-faced; deceitful.

Janus-faced lock , one having duplicate faces so as to go upon a right or a left hand door, the key entering on either side indifferently.

Knight.

Janus-headed <Xpage=797>

Ja"nus-head`ed (?) , a. Double-headed.

Japan <Xpage=797>

Ja*pan" (?) , n. [From Japan , the country.] Work varnished and figured in the Japanese manner; also, the varnish or lacquer used in japanning.

Japan <Xpage=797>

Ja*pan" , a. Of or pertaining to Japan, or to the lacquered work of that country; as, Japan ware .

Japan allspice (Bot.) , a spiny shrub from Japan ( Chimonanthus fragrans ), related to the Carolina allspice. -- Japan black (Chem.) , a quickly drying black lacquer or varnish, consisting essentially of asphaltum dissolved in naphtha or turpentine, and used for coating ironwork; -- called also Brunswick black , Japan lacquer , or simply Japan . -- Japan camphor , ordinary camphor brought from China or Japan, as distinguished from the rare variety called borneol or Borneo camphor . -- Japan clover , &or; Japan pea (Bot.) , a cloverlike plant ( Lespedeza striata ) from Eastern Asia, useful for fodder, first noticed in the Southern United States about 1860, but now become very common. During the Civil War it was called variously Yankee clover and Rebel clover . -- Japan earth . See Catechu . -- Japan ink , a kind of writing ink, of a deep, glossy black when dry. -- Japan varnish , a varnish prepared from the milky juice of the Rhus vernix , a small Japanese tree related to the poison sumac.

Japan <Xpage=797>

Ja*pan" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Japanned (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Japanning .]

1. To cover with a coat of hard, brilliant varnish, in the manner of the Japanese; to lacquer.

2. To give a glossy black to, as shoes. [R.]

Gay.

Japanese <Xpage=797>

Jap`a*nese" (?) , a. Of or pertaining to Japan, or its inhabitants.

Japanese <Xpage=797>

Jap`a*nese" , n. sing. & pl.

1. A native or inhabitant of Japan; collectively, the people of Japan.

2. sing. The language of the people of Japan.

Japanned <Xpage=797>

Ja*panned" (?) , a. Treated, or coated, with varnish in the Japanese manner.

Japanned leather , leather treated with coatings of Japan varnish, and dried in a stove.

Knight.

Japanner <Xpage=797>

Ja*pan"ner (?) , n. 1. One who varnishes in the manner of the Japanese, or one skilled in the art.

2. A bootblack. [R.]

Japanning <Xpage=797>

Ja*pan"ning (?) , n. The art or act of varnishing in the Japanese manner.

Japannish <Xpage=797>

Ja*pan"nish (?) , a. After the manner of the Japanese; resembling japanned articles.

Carlyle.

Jape <Xpage=797>

Jape (?) , v. i. [Prob. from the same source as gab ,influenced by F. japper to yelp. See Gab to deceive.] To jest; to play tricks; to jeer. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Jape <Xpage=797>

Jape , v. t. To mock; to trick.

Chaucer.

I have not been putting a jape upon you. Sir W. Scott.

The coy giggle of the young lady to whom he has imparted his latest merry jape . W. Besant.

Japer <Xpage=797>

Jap"er (?) , n. A jester; a buffoon. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Japery <Xpage=797>

Jap"er*y (?) , n. [Cf. OF. japerie a yelping.] Jesting; buffoonery. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Japhethite <Xpage=797>

Ja"pheth*ite (?) , n. A Japhetite.

Kitto.

Japhetic <Xpage=797>

Ja*phet"ic (?) , a. Pertaining to, or derived from, Japheth, one of the sons of Noah; as, Japhetic nations, the nations of Europe and Northern Asia; Japhetic languages.

Japhetite <Xpage=797>

Ja"phet*ite (?) , n. A descendant of Japheth.

Japonica <Xpage=797>

Ja*pon"i*ca (?) , n. [NL., Japanese, fr. Japonia Japan.] (Bot.) A species of Camellia ( Camellia Japonica ), a native of Japan, bearing beautiful red or white flowers. Many other genera have species of the same name.

Jar <Xpage=797>

Jar (?) , n. [See Ajar .] A turn. [Only in phrase.]

On the jar , on the turn, ajar, as a door.

Jar <Xpage=797>

Jar (?) , n. [F. jarre , Sp. jarra , from Ar. jarrah ewer; cf. Pers. jarrah .]

1. A deep, broad-mouthed vessel of earthenware or glass, for holding fruit, preserves, etc., or for ornamental purposes; as, a jar of honey; a rose jar .

Dryden.

2. The measure of what is contained in a jar; as, a jar of oil; a jar of preserves.

Bell jar , Leyden jar . See in the Vocabulary.

Jar <Xpage=797>

Jar , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Jarred (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. jarring (?) .] [Cf. OE. charken to creak, AS. cearcian to gnash, F. jars a gander, L. garrire to chatter, prate, OHG. kerran to chatter, croak, G. quarren to grumble, and E. jargon , ajar .]

1. To give forth a rudely quivering or tremulous sound; to sound harshly or discordantly; as, the notes jarred on my ears .

When such strings jar , what hope of harmony ? Shak.

A string may jar in the best master's hand. Roscommon.

2. To act in opposition or disagreement; to clash; to interfere; to quarrel; to dispute.

When those renowned noble peers Greece Through stubborn pride among themselves did jar . Spenser.

For orders and degrees Jar not with liberty, but well consist. Milton.

Jar <Xpage=797>

Jar , v. t. 1. To cause a short, tremulous motion of, to cause to tremble, as by a sudden shock or blow; to shake; to shock; as, to jar the earth; to jar one's faith.

2. To tick; to beat; to mark or tell off. [Obs.]

My thoughts are minutes, and with sighs they jar Their watches on unto mine eyes. Shak.

Jar <Xpage=797>

Jar , n. 1. A rattling, tremulous vibration or shock; a shake; a harsh sound; a discord; as, the jar of a train; the jar of harsh sounds.

2. Clash of interest or opinions; collision; discord; debate; slight disagreement.

And yet his peace is but continual jar . Spenser.

Cease, cease these jars , and rest your minds in peace. Shak.

3. A regular vibration, as of a pendulum.

I love thee not a jar of the clock. Shak.

4. pl. In deep well boring, a device resembling two long chain links, for connecting a percussion drill to the rod or rope which works it, so that the drill is driven down by impact and is jerked loose when jammed.

Jararaca <Xpage=797>

Jar`a*ra"ca (?) , n. [Pg., from the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A poisonous serpent of Brazil ( Bothrops jararaca ), about eighteen inches long, and of a dusky, brownish color, variegated with red and black spots.

Jarble <Xpage=797>

Jar"ble (?) , v. t. To wet; to bemire. [Prov. Eng.]

Halliwell.

Jardini\'8are <Xpage=797>

Jar`di`ni\'8are" (?) , n. [F., fem. of jardinier gardener. See Garden .] An ornamental stand or receptacle for plants, flowers, etc., used as a piece of decorative furniture in room.

Jards <Xpage=797>

Jards (?) , n. [F. jarde , jardon .] (Far.) A callous tumor on the leg of a horse, below the hock.

Jargle <Xpage=797>

Jar"gle (?) , v. i. [Cf. OSw. jerga to repeat angrily, to brawl, Icel. jarg tedious iteration, F. jargonner to talk jargon. See Jargon gabble.] To emit a harsh or discordant sound. [Obs.]

Bp. Hall.

Jargon <Xpage=797>

Jar"gon (?) , n. [F. jargon , OF. also gargon , perh. akin to E. garrulous , or gargle .] Confused, unintelligible language; gibberish; hence, an artificial idiom or dialect; cant language; slang. "A barbarous jargon ." Macaulay . "All jargon of the schools." Prior .

The jargon which serves the traffickers. Johnson.

<-- an idiom with frequent use of informal technical terms, as acronyms, used by specialists -->

Jargon <Xpage=797>

Jar"gon (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Jargon<?/<?/ (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Jargoning .] To utter jargon; to emit confused or unintelligible sounds; to talk unintelligibly, or in a harsh and noisy manner.

The noisy jay, Jargoning like a foreigner at his food. Longfellow.

Jargon <Xpage=797>

Jar"gon , n. [E. jargon , It. jiargone ; perh. fr. Pers. zarg<?/n gold-colored, fr. zar gold. Cf. Zircon .] (Min.) A variety of zircon. See Zircon .

Jargonelle <Xpage=797>

Jar`go*nelle" (?) , n. [F. jargonelle a very gritty variety of pear. See Jargon zircon.] A variety of pear which ripens early.

Jargonic <Xpage=797>

Jar*gon"ic (?) , a. Of or pertaining to the mineral jargon.

Jargonist <Xpage=797>

Jar"gon*ist (?) , n. One addicted to jargon; one who uses cant or slang.

Macaulay.

Jarl <Xpage=797>

Jarl (?) , n. [Icel., nobleman, chief. See Earl .] A chief; an earl; in English history, one of the leaders in the Danish and Norse invasions.

Longfellow.

Jarnut <Xpage=797>

Jar"nut` (?) , n. [Of Scand. origin: cf. Dan. jordn\'94d .] (Bot.) An earthnut.

Dr. Prior.

Jarosite <Xpage=797>

Ja*ro"site (?) , n. [From Barranco Jaroso , in Spain.] (Min.) An ocher-yellow mineral occurring on minute rhombohedral crystals. It is a hydrous sulphate of iron and potash.

Jar-owl <Xpage=797>

Jar"-owl` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) The goatsucker.

Jarrah <Xpage=797>

Jar"rah (?) , n. The mahoganylike wood of the Australian Eucalyptus marginata . See Eucalyptus .

Jarring <Xpage=797>

Jar"ring (?) , a. [See Jar. ] Shaking; disturbing; discordant. "A jarring sound."

Dryden.

Jarring <Xpage=797>

Jar"ring n. 1. A shaking; a tremulous motion; as, the jarring of a steamship, caused by its engines .

2. Discord; a clashing of interests. "Endless jarrings and immortal hate."

Dryden.

Jarringly <Xpage=797>

Jar"ring*ly , adv. In a jarring or discordant manner.

Jarvey, Jarvy <Xpage=797>